Produksie en reproduksie van swart werkers van die Roodepoortse munisipaliteit
- Van Schalkwyk, Jacobus Hendrik
- Authors: Van Schalkwyk, Jacobus Hendrik
- Date: 2014-04-16
- Subjects: Blacks - Employment - South Africa - Roodepoort , Municipal government - South Africa - Roodepoort , Production management - South Africa - Roodepoort , Personnel management - South Africa - Roodepoort , Industrial relations - South Africa - Roodepoort
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/384124 , uj:10761 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10269
- Description: M.A. (Anthropology) , The scope of this study covers the deployment and application of black labour within the Roodepoort Municipality. In order to fulfill certain so-called obligations the Municipality is dependent on cheap labour which is appointed and applied within the framework of South African law and according to specific methods. The Municipality gives preference to homeland labourers who are recruited on average once every three years in Venda. The preference for recruiting labourers in Venda stems from the relationship which exists between Venda and the R.B.A. at government level, and the ensuing relationship which the Municipality has fostered with the Venda Embassy. In this respect the Municipality exploits the political system in the R.S.A. to satisfy its own needs. The Roodepoort Municipality functions as an arm of the central authority in as much as it subscribes to the dominant ideology of the country. The political and economic systems of South Africa form the basis of bargaining power which influences the patterns of control and domination. The interaction between the central government and the municipal authorities influences the functioning and policy of the latter. This liaison enables, amongst others, the Municipality of Roodepoort to enforce its policy and to put certain directives to its workers. In addition to the constitutional framework, mechanisms such as the municipal structure as well as rules and regulations are used to control the workers. The workers do not; , however, accept the administration and control of the Municipality without further ado. They respond by making use of certain strategies aimed at adapting their working environment. Despite the loss of certain liberties, the workers adapt relatively quickly to the conditions in their working environment. The circumstances in Venda which result in large numbers of migrant labourers leaving their home to work in highly industrialized areas is related to the historical development of the territory and consequently its economic dependence and political restrictedness. Despite being "independent" since 13 September 1979, Venda is still dependent on South Africa judging by the financial support it receives and the reliance of the population in respect of job opportunities in white areas. Without the revenue it receives from its migrating labour as well as the remittances sent back, Venda would not be capable of its reproduction. Limited resources and insufficient capital input from the central government leads to minimal development in Venda and this results in there being insufficent means to fulfill the needs of reproduction. Blacks are therefore compelled to work outside their homeland for meagre wages and under circumstances over which they have virtually no control.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Schalkwyk, Jacobus Hendrik
- Date: 2014-04-16
- Subjects: Blacks - Employment - South Africa - Roodepoort , Municipal government - South Africa - Roodepoort , Production management - South Africa - Roodepoort , Personnel management - South Africa - Roodepoort , Industrial relations - South Africa - Roodepoort
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/384124 , uj:10761 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10269
- Description: M.A. (Anthropology) , The scope of this study covers the deployment and application of black labour within the Roodepoort Municipality. In order to fulfill certain so-called obligations the Municipality is dependent on cheap labour which is appointed and applied within the framework of South African law and according to specific methods. The Municipality gives preference to homeland labourers who are recruited on average once every three years in Venda. The preference for recruiting labourers in Venda stems from the relationship which exists between Venda and the R.B.A. at government level, and the ensuing relationship which the Municipality has fostered with the Venda Embassy. In this respect the Municipality exploits the political system in the R.S.A. to satisfy its own needs. The Roodepoort Municipality functions as an arm of the central authority in as much as it subscribes to the dominant ideology of the country. The political and economic systems of South Africa form the basis of bargaining power which influences the patterns of control and domination. The interaction between the central government and the municipal authorities influences the functioning and policy of the latter. This liaison enables, amongst others, the Municipality of Roodepoort to enforce its policy and to put certain directives to its workers. In addition to the constitutional framework, mechanisms such as the municipal structure as well as rules and regulations are used to control the workers. The workers do not; , however, accept the administration and control of the Municipality without further ado. They respond by making use of certain strategies aimed at adapting their working environment. Despite the loss of certain liberties, the workers adapt relatively quickly to the conditions in their working environment. The circumstances in Venda which result in large numbers of migrant labourers leaving their home to work in highly industrialized areas is related to the historical development of the territory and consequently its economic dependence and political restrictedness. Despite being "independent" since 13 September 1979, Venda is still dependent on South Africa judging by the financial support it receives and the reliance of the population in respect of job opportunities in white areas. Without the revenue it receives from its migrating labour as well as the remittances sent back, Venda would not be capable of its reproduction. Limited resources and insufficient capital input from the central government leads to minimal development in Venda and this results in there being insufficent means to fulfill the needs of reproduction. Blacks are therefore compelled to work outside their homeland for meagre wages and under circumstances over which they have virtually no control.
- Full Text:
Geweld in die lewe van dogters in 'n landelike nedersetting in Gazankulu
- Authors: Scholtz, Cornelia
- Date: 2014-07-31
- Subjects: Violence - Research - Gazankulu , Teenage girls - Gazakulu - Conduct of life - Case studies , Teenage girls - Gazankulu - Social conditions - Case studies , Blacks - Gazankulu - Conduct of life , Blacks - Gazankulu - Social conditions , Gazankulu (South Africa) - Social conditions
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11680
- Description: M.Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology) , On the far eastern border of the Mhala district of Gazankulu there is a village called Dixie. The residents of this village and their conditions of living formed the setting for my research. The research was strictly ethnographic, and so is this thesis, given the dire shortage of in-depth ethnographic information particularly on the experiences of teenage girls. The research revealed various facets of the lives of these people. Whilst the research included all the teenage girls of the village, and most of the teenage boys, information on only four girls was singled out for the thesis, because of the diversity in their experiences and to demonstrate the impact of unique circumstances on the experience of violence. To the case material of these four girls, was added that of a teenage boy to highlight the contrast between the lives of girls and boys in this social setting. The events that formed a significant part in the daily lives of the girls and the boy were diarised in detail so as not to tamper with the information as far as possible. It emerged that girls were consistently subjected to violence by those persons with whom they were closely involved. Poverty contributes largely to the amount and intensity of violence on female persons, and it is thus violence which dominates social life in the village for these people. The result is a chain of events that is shocking and deeply disturbing. The information reveals very clearly the extent of male domination which is still prevalent in our society and it exposes the continual subjugation women experience daily in the struggle against men and poverty. This thesis wishes to challenge social scientists of our time to focus their attention on violence in much more detail than has been the case until now.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Scholtz, Cornelia
- Date: 2014-07-31
- Subjects: Violence - Research - Gazankulu , Teenage girls - Gazakulu - Conduct of life - Case studies , Teenage girls - Gazankulu - Social conditions - Case studies , Blacks - Gazankulu - Conduct of life , Blacks - Gazankulu - Social conditions , Gazankulu (South Africa) - Social conditions
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11953 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11680
- Description: M.Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology) , On the far eastern border of the Mhala district of Gazankulu there is a village called Dixie. The residents of this village and their conditions of living formed the setting for my research. The research was strictly ethnographic, and so is this thesis, given the dire shortage of in-depth ethnographic information particularly on the experiences of teenage girls. The research revealed various facets of the lives of these people. Whilst the research included all the teenage girls of the village, and most of the teenage boys, information on only four girls was singled out for the thesis, because of the diversity in their experiences and to demonstrate the impact of unique circumstances on the experience of violence. To the case material of these four girls, was added that of a teenage boy to highlight the contrast between the lives of girls and boys in this social setting. The events that formed a significant part in the daily lives of the girls and the boy were diarised in detail so as not to tamper with the information as far as possible. It emerged that girls were consistently subjected to violence by those persons with whom they were closely involved. Poverty contributes largely to the amount and intensity of violence on female persons, and it is thus violence which dominates social life in the village for these people. The result is a chain of events that is shocking and deeply disturbing. The information reveals very clearly the extent of male domination which is still prevalent in our society and it exposes the continual subjugation women experience daily in the struggle against men and poverty. This thesis wishes to challenge social scientists of our time to focus their attention on violence in much more detail than has been the case until now.
- Full Text:
Die historiese en sosiale formasie van 'n nedersetting in Mhala, Gazankulu
- Authors: Fischer, Adriaan
- Date: 2014-04-14
- Subjects: Blacks - Gazankulu - Mhala - Social conditions , Blacks - Gazankulu - Mhala - History
- Type: Book
- Identifier: uj:10627 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10148
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology) , Seville is a small settlement in the Mhala district in Gazankulu. It is a former white-owned farm taken over by the South African Development Trust in the 1960's. When the Trust took over: the land it was planned according to 'betterment' principles. This meant that the former tenants were relocated into a central village, and separate arable and grazing lands were demarcated by officials. Today poverty and powerlessness dominate the life of the inhabitants who depend on the export of. labour, migrant remittances and subsistence agriculture. This situation is directly related to the history of capitalist and state penetration in the Lowveld. Since the 1860's the population of the Lowveld were systematically dispossessed by the State. Their incorporation into the capitalist economy followed the process of dispossession and proletarianization. In the 1890's drought, rinderpest and the Anglo-Boer War completed the process of incorporation as the Lowveld population were increasingly forced to join the migrant labour force. From the early 1930's when ownership of Lowveld farms changed from mining companies to individuals, labour tenancy replaced rent paying squatting as the dominant form of residence of the black population in the Lowveld. Labour tenancy on farms in the Bushbuckridge area provided the Lowveld population with opportunities for accumulation. Cattle numbers increased and small surpluses were produced. Tenants on Seville whose owners only used Seville for hunting in winter, enjoyed considerable freedom, and migrant labour became a matter of choice and not of necessity. But the recovery did not last long. State penetration to bring about racial separation transformed Busbuckridge farms into reserves, and as ethnic nationalism developed and became the dominant framework for intervention, reserve areas in the Lowveld were apportioned into ethnic homelands. Seville changed from a white-owned farm to a ward in the Mnisi Tribal Authority Area in Mhala, and the former tenants became citizens. of Gazankulu. These developments accelerated the process of rural decline and stagnation, leading to ever increasing poverty and powerlessness. Faced with these insecurities economic diversification and social mechanisms are major strategies to overcome poverty and survive. Though migrant labour is the material base of.life in this rural village, it cannot sustain social reproduction on its own. Neither can rural production. Families and households are forced to diversify economic activities and to find, according to their particular circumstances, a balance between migrant labour, local employment, rural production and informal economic activities. The demands of production and reproduction in the context of poverty and powerlessness also require the diversification of social relations to maximize the possibilities the social environment as a resource provides. And to maintain a community life and live as individuals in Seville, a balance between relations that unite and the relations that divide the community is necessary. Social diversification and the balance of relations that unite and divide are manifest in residential and domestic relations, and in cooperation and conflict.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Fischer, Adriaan
- Date: 2014-04-14
- Subjects: Blacks - Gazankulu - Mhala - Social conditions , Blacks - Gazankulu - Mhala - History
- Type: Book
- Identifier: uj:10627 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10148
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology) , Seville is a small settlement in the Mhala district in Gazankulu. It is a former white-owned farm taken over by the South African Development Trust in the 1960's. When the Trust took over: the land it was planned according to 'betterment' principles. This meant that the former tenants were relocated into a central village, and separate arable and grazing lands were demarcated by officials. Today poverty and powerlessness dominate the life of the inhabitants who depend on the export of. labour, migrant remittances and subsistence agriculture. This situation is directly related to the history of capitalist and state penetration in the Lowveld. Since the 1860's the population of the Lowveld were systematically dispossessed by the State. Their incorporation into the capitalist economy followed the process of dispossession and proletarianization. In the 1890's drought, rinderpest and the Anglo-Boer War completed the process of incorporation as the Lowveld population were increasingly forced to join the migrant labour force. From the early 1930's when ownership of Lowveld farms changed from mining companies to individuals, labour tenancy replaced rent paying squatting as the dominant form of residence of the black population in the Lowveld. Labour tenancy on farms in the Bushbuckridge area provided the Lowveld population with opportunities for accumulation. Cattle numbers increased and small surpluses were produced. Tenants on Seville whose owners only used Seville for hunting in winter, enjoyed considerable freedom, and migrant labour became a matter of choice and not of necessity. But the recovery did not last long. State penetration to bring about racial separation transformed Busbuckridge farms into reserves, and as ethnic nationalism developed and became the dominant framework for intervention, reserve areas in the Lowveld were apportioned into ethnic homelands. Seville changed from a white-owned farm to a ward in the Mnisi Tribal Authority Area in Mhala, and the former tenants became citizens. of Gazankulu. These developments accelerated the process of rural decline and stagnation, leading to ever increasing poverty and powerlessness. Faced with these insecurities economic diversification and social mechanisms are major strategies to overcome poverty and survive. Though migrant labour is the material base of.life in this rural village, it cannot sustain social reproduction on its own. Neither can rural production. Families and households are forced to diversify economic activities and to find, according to their particular circumstances, a balance between migrant labour, local employment, rural production and informal economic activities. The demands of production and reproduction in the context of poverty and powerlessness also require the diversification of social relations to maximize the possibilities the social environment as a resource provides. And to maintain a community life and live as individuals in Seville, a balance between relations that unite and the relations that divide the community is necessary. Social diversification and the balance of relations that unite and divide are manifest in residential and domestic relations, and in cooperation and conflict.
- Full Text:
Die betekenis van die informele sektor : kleinskalige vervaardiging in KwaNdebele en Venda
- Van der Waal, Cornelis Seakle
- Authors: Van der Waal, Cornelis Seakle
- Date: 2015-02-09
- Subjects: Small business - South Africa - Venda - Management , Small business - South Africa - KwaNdebele - Management , Handicraft - Cooperative marketing - South Africa - Venda , Handicraft - Cooperative marketing - South Africa - KwaNdebele , Handicraft - Law and legislation - South Africa - Venda , Handicraft - Law and legislation - South Africa - KwaNdebele , Handicraft - South Africa - Venda - Equipment and supplies , Decorative arts - South Africa - KwaNdebele , Decorative arts - South Africa - Venda , Handicraft - South Africa - KwaNdebele - Equipment and supplies
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13162 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13193
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van der Waal, Cornelis Seakle
- Date: 2015-02-09
- Subjects: Small business - South Africa - Venda - Management , Small business - South Africa - KwaNdebele - Management , Handicraft - Cooperative marketing - South Africa - Venda , Handicraft - Cooperative marketing - South Africa - KwaNdebele , Handicraft - Law and legislation - South Africa - Venda , Handicraft - Law and legislation - South Africa - KwaNdebele , Handicraft - South Africa - Venda - Equipment and supplies , Decorative arts - South Africa - KwaNdebele , Decorative arts - South Africa - Venda , Handicraft - South Africa - KwaNdebele - Equipment and supplies
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13162 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13193
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. (Anthropology) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
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