The effect of chiropractic manipulation combined with targeted exercises on balance
- Authors: Osler, Sarah Nomvula
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Exercise therapy , Equilibrium (Physiology)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226630 , uj:22920
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: To determine the effect of chiropractic manipulation, combined with targeted exercises, on balance. Method: Thirty participants were divided into two groups of fifteen: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received chiropractic manipulation to restricted joints in the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints, as well as a 45-minute pilates-based targeted exercise class once per week for six weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups had their balance assessed three times using the Biodex Balance System SD: once before the study started, for a second time halfway through the study (prior to treatment for the participants in the experimental group), and a final measurement when the trials had been completed. Results: With regards to the clinical analysis of the results, both the experimental and control groups showed an improvement in their balance performance, with a larger improvement occurring in the experimental group. The experimental group showed a progressive improvement from measurement to measurement, whereas the control group showed a dramatic improvement from the first to the second measurements, with the difference between the second to the third measurement ranging from a very small improvement to a worsened performance. When analysed individually, both groups showed significant improvement between measurements, with the experimental group showing more statistically significant readings. However, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the scores of the two groups to one another. Conclusion: As there was no statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups, no conclusion can be made as to whether or not the combination of targeted exercise classes and chiropractic manipulation has any effect on balance. The small sample size also does not allow a generalisation of these results to the broader public. However, it is possible that with certain methodological changes, significant results may be seen.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Osler, Sarah Nomvula
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Exercise therapy , Equilibrium (Physiology)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226630 , uj:22920
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: To determine the effect of chiropractic manipulation, combined with targeted exercises, on balance. Method: Thirty participants were divided into two groups of fifteen: an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received chiropractic manipulation to restricted joints in the lumbar spine and sacroiliac joints, as well as a 45-minute pilates-based targeted exercise class once per week for six weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Both groups had their balance assessed three times using the Biodex Balance System SD: once before the study started, for a second time halfway through the study (prior to treatment for the participants in the experimental group), and a final measurement when the trials had been completed. Results: With regards to the clinical analysis of the results, both the experimental and control groups showed an improvement in their balance performance, with a larger improvement occurring in the experimental group. The experimental group showed a progressive improvement from measurement to measurement, whereas the control group showed a dramatic improvement from the first to the second measurements, with the difference between the second to the third measurement ranging from a very small improvement to a worsened performance. When analysed individually, both groups showed significant improvement between measurements, with the experimental group showing more statistically significant readings. However, no statistically significant difference was found when comparing the scores of the two groups to one another. Conclusion: As there was no statistically significant difference between the performances of the two groups, no conclusion can be made as to whether or not the combination of targeted exercise classes and chiropractic manipulation has any effect on balance. The small sample size also does not allow a generalisation of these results to the broader public. However, it is possible that with certain methodological changes, significant results may be seen.
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A study to compare the immediate effect of upper versus lower cervical manipulation on blood flow of the vertebral artery
- Authors: Dos Santos, Diana Lopes
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Cervical manipulation , Cervical vertebrae , Cerebrovascular disease , Vertebral artery , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8313
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effect of upper versus lower cervical manipulation on the vertebral artery blood flow in asymptomatic individuals. Thirty patients of both genders between the ages of 18-45 years of age, volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant presented with at least one upper and one lower rotary cervical facet restriction. Each participant was randomly placed into either Group 1 whom received upper cervical manipulation, or Group 2 whom received lower cervical manipulation. Any participants who presented with positive VBAI signs or symptoms were excluded from this study. The Medison SonoAce 8000 Ultrasound System was used to objectively measure the blood flow as close to C1-C2 region as possible, contralateral to the side of the adjustment contact. Three measurements were recorded in total which included neutral, pre-manipulation and post-manipulation. As this study included asymptomatic participants, no subjective data was collected. Statistical analysis was performed where the intragroup analysis was done using the Paired Sample t-test and inter-group analysis was done using the Independent Samples t-test to check for statistically significant results less than the p-value of 0.05. There were no statistically significant results found in Group 1 and Group 2 in isolation in the intragroup analysis as well as when compared in the intergroup analysis. Upper cervical manipulation resulted in a slight percentage increase in mean blood flow velocity. Lower cervical manipulation resulted in a decreased end diastolic blood flow velocity after manipulation which indicated the possibility of vertebrobasilar occlusion, however, it did not result in much change with regards to mean blood flow velocity. In addition, upper as well as lower cervical v manipulation had a minimally insignificant dilating effect on the diameter of the upper vertebral artery which may have been due to reflex vasodilation. This study demonstrated no statistically significant changes in isolation in the intragroup analysis as well as when compared in the intergroup analysis. Lower cervical manipulation did however have a moderate influence on the upper vertebral artery blood flow but overall was still less stressful in comparison to upper cervical manipulation. Additional studies are suggested to clarify these findings further.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dos Santos, Diana Lopes
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Cervical manipulation , Cervical vertebrae , Cerebrovascular disease , Vertebral artery , Spinal adjustment
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7453 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8313
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effect of upper versus lower cervical manipulation on the vertebral artery blood flow in asymptomatic individuals. Thirty patients of both genders between the ages of 18-45 years of age, volunteered to participate in this study. Each participant presented with at least one upper and one lower rotary cervical facet restriction. Each participant was randomly placed into either Group 1 whom received upper cervical manipulation, or Group 2 whom received lower cervical manipulation. Any participants who presented with positive VBAI signs or symptoms were excluded from this study. The Medison SonoAce 8000 Ultrasound System was used to objectively measure the blood flow as close to C1-C2 region as possible, contralateral to the side of the adjustment contact. Three measurements were recorded in total which included neutral, pre-manipulation and post-manipulation. As this study included asymptomatic participants, no subjective data was collected. Statistical analysis was performed where the intragroup analysis was done using the Paired Sample t-test and inter-group analysis was done using the Independent Samples t-test to check for statistically significant results less than the p-value of 0.05. There were no statistically significant results found in Group 1 and Group 2 in isolation in the intragroup analysis as well as when compared in the intergroup analysis. Upper cervical manipulation resulted in a slight percentage increase in mean blood flow velocity. Lower cervical manipulation resulted in a decreased end diastolic blood flow velocity after manipulation which indicated the possibility of vertebrobasilar occlusion, however, it did not result in much change with regards to mean blood flow velocity. In addition, upper as well as lower cervical v manipulation had a minimally insignificant dilating effect on the diameter of the upper vertebral artery which may have been due to reflex vasodilation. This study demonstrated no statistically significant changes in isolation in the intragroup analysis as well as when compared in the intergroup analysis. Lower cervical manipulation did however have a moderate influence on the upper vertebral artery blood flow but overall was still less stressful in comparison to upper cervical manipulation. Additional studies are suggested to clarify these findings further.
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Describing the trends of qEEG change caused by cervical manipulation
- Authors: Scott, Michelle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268532 , uj:28506
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is used to measure brain wave activity. qEEG is commonly used to determine and asses neural function, neurophysiology and neurological deficits. It is an inexpensive tool used for both diagnostic and prognostic information. It is alleged that chiropractic manipulation affects the central nervous system beyond the dorsal root ganglia; as well as the brain itself. Although controversial studies are demonstrating there is an effect on brain qEEG, limited research has looked at the detailed trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. This could theoretically stimulate further related research and thus redefine the existing limits of chiropractic treatment of the central nervous system by influencing brain wave activity. Method: A descriptive design was used to attempt to track trends on qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. The EEG equipment that was used for the trials was a MP 150 Biopac system. On arrival at the Chiropractic clinic all participants were assessed as new patients and then randomly divided into two groups of 5. Once this was completed the EEG cap was placed on the participants head and the first of six recordings was started. Subsequent to the completion of the first recording, the participants’ cervical spine was manipulated/ sham manipulated (control group). The remainder of the recordings then took place at 15 minute intervals. Results: There was a definitive difference in the readings pre- and post-manipulation for both groups, across all three brain lobes. Group A appeared to have more consistent predictable changes. Group B appeared to have haphazard changes. Some participants showed more pronounced changes in brain wave activity than others. Conclusion: The definitive changes pre- and post- manipulation readings demonstrate that there are apparent variations in the qEEG readings post cervical manipulation...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Scott, Michelle
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268532 , uj:28506
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is used to measure brain wave activity. qEEG is commonly used to determine and asses neural function, neurophysiology and neurological deficits. It is an inexpensive tool used for both diagnostic and prognostic information. It is alleged that chiropractic manipulation affects the central nervous system beyond the dorsal root ganglia; as well as the brain itself. Although controversial studies are demonstrating there is an effect on brain qEEG, limited research has looked at the detailed trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the trends of qEEG changes caused by cervical manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. This could theoretically stimulate further related research and thus redefine the existing limits of chiropractic treatment of the central nervous system by influencing brain wave activity. Method: A descriptive design was used to attempt to track trends on qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation for the duration of 60 minutes. The EEG equipment that was used for the trials was a MP 150 Biopac system. On arrival at the Chiropractic clinic all participants were assessed as new patients and then randomly divided into two groups of 5. Once this was completed the EEG cap was placed on the participants head and the first of six recordings was started. Subsequent to the completion of the first recording, the participants’ cervical spine was manipulated/ sham manipulated (control group). The remainder of the recordings then took place at 15 minute intervals. Results: There was a definitive difference in the readings pre- and post-manipulation for both groups, across all three brain lobes. Group A appeared to have more consistent predictable changes. Group B appeared to have haphazard changes. Some participants showed more pronounced changes in brain wave activity than others. Conclusion: The definitive changes pre- and post- manipulation readings demonstrate that there are apparent variations in the qEEG readings post cervical manipulation...
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A case series describing the medium-term effects of cervical manipulation on qEEG readings in patients with chronic neck pain
- Authors: Jordaan, Gerné
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268717 , uj:28529
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: It has been stated that a chiropractic manipulation does indeed have an effect on the central nervous system beyond the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and may have an effect on these measurements. It is known that chiropractic manipulation is an effective treatment method for chronic neck pain. Research sugests that a chiropractic manipulation has a direct influence on the sensorymotor intergration within the central nervous system. It is known that a chiropractic manipulation delivered to the cervical spine has a positive effect on neck pain. It is also mentioned that there is a need for further research to understand the neurological effects of chiropractic manipulation on brainwave activity. Aim: The aim of is this study was to compile a case series describing the medium-term effects of chiropractic manipulation on qEEG in patients with chronic neck pain. This research has the potential to allow further research to be done in this field. This research may redefine the limits of chiropractic treatment on the nervous system. Methodology: A descriptive design following a case series was best suited for this study. This allowed to track changes of the EEG recordings before and after a chiropractic manipulation over a 2-week time period with 4 treatments at biweekly intervals. A numerical pain rating scale was used to ascertain each participant’s pain at the initial and last visit. The qEEG was measured using a MP150 Biopac System. Results: All 10 cases were described, with all showing changes in qEEG readings post treatment as well as over the study of varying amount. All participants also demonstrated changes in the numerical pain scale. Each participant displayed a decrease in pain with some participants indicating full resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: There appears to be a change in pre- and immediately post-manipulation readings as well as reduction in pain. This demonstrates an effect on the medium-term qEEG readings. Further research into this topic however is required to determine the meaning of this change.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Jordaan, Gerné
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268717 , uj:28529
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Background: It has been stated that a chiropractic manipulation does indeed have an effect on the central nervous system beyond the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and may have an effect on these measurements. It is known that chiropractic manipulation is an effective treatment method for chronic neck pain. Research sugests that a chiropractic manipulation has a direct influence on the sensorymotor intergration within the central nervous system. It is known that a chiropractic manipulation delivered to the cervical spine has a positive effect on neck pain. It is also mentioned that there is a need for further research to understand the neurological effects of chiropractic manipulation on brainwave activity. Aim: The aim of is this study was to compile a case series describing the medium-term effects of chiropractic manipulation on qEEG in patients with chronic neck pain. This research has the potential to allow further research to be done in this field. This research may redefine the limits of chiropractic treatment on the nervous system. Methodology: A descriptive design following a case series was best suited for this study. This allowed to track changes of the EEG recordings before and after a chiropractic manipulation over a 2-week time period with 4 treatments at biweekly intervals. A numerical pain rating scale was used to ascertain each participant’s pain at the initial and last visit. The qEEG was measured using a MP150 Biopac System. Results: All 10 cases were described, with all showing changes in qEEG readings post treatment as well as over the study of varying amount. All participants also demonstrated changes in the numerical pain scale. Each participant displayed a decrease in pain with some participants indicating full resolution of symptoms. Conclusion: There appears to be a change in pre- and immediately post-manipulation readings as well as reduction in pain. This demonstrates an effect on the medium-term qEEG readings. Further research into this topic however is required to determine the meaning of this change.
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The effect of chiropractic manipulative therapy on erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscle endurance in the presence of leg length inequality
- Authors: Graham, Meagan
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Leg length inequality , Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58171 , uj:16426
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy has a quantifiable effect on the endurance times of the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscles in the initial presence of leg length inequality. Thirty participants were recruited, all of which were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five. Participants needed to present with a leg length inequality. Exclusion criteria included pathology of the joints of the extremities. All the participants had chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to restricted lumbar/sacroiliac joints. Participants received treatment twice weekly for three consecutive weeks (i.e. six treatments). On the seventh visit, in the fourth week, no treatment was administered. Objective measurements and subjective leg length inequality checks were performed at visits one and four, prior to treatment, and at visit seven. Objective data was obtained from the Biering-Sørensen test and quadratus lumborum endurance time. Subjective checks determined side of leg length inequality (i.e. short leg) using supine leg check. The group exhibited an increase in endurance times after administration of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy. Improvement occurred in the latter part of the data collection indicating a need for long-term treatment. The subgroup, that exhibited a correction to leg length, displayed a greater improvement in quadratus lumborum endurance than that of the group overall. This study has shown that chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy may be used as a form of treatment to increase muscle endurance times through reduction in muscle hypertonicity. It has also confirmed clinically that when there is a correction to leg length there is a greater improvement in trunk extensor endurance times. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Graham, Meagan
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Leg length inequality , Muscle strength
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58171 , uj:16426
- Description: Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy has a quantifiable effect on the endurance times of the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscles in the initial presence of leg length inequality. Thirty participants were recruited, all of which were between the ages of eighteen and forty-five. Participants needed to present with a leg length inequality. Exclusion criteria included pathology of the joints of the extremities. All the participants had chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy to restricted lumbar/sacroiliac joints. Participants received treatment twice weekly for three consecutive weeks (i.e. six treatments). On the seventh visit, in the fourth week, no treatment was administered. Objective measurements and subjective leg length inequality checks were performed at visits one and four, prior to treatment, and at visit seven. Objective data was obtained from the Biering-Sørensen test and quadratus lumborum endurance time. Subjective checks determined side of leg length inequality (i.e. short leg) using supine leg check. The group exhibited an increase in endurance times after administration of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy. Improvement occurred in the latter part of the data collection indicating a need for long-term treatment. The subgroup, that exhibited a correction to leg length, displayed a greater improvement in quadratus lumborum endurance than that of the group overall. This study has shown that chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy may be used as a form of treatment to increase muscle endurance times through reduction in muscle hypertonicity. It has also confirmed clinically that when there is a correction to leg length there is a greater improvement in trunk extensor endurance times. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The immediate effect of manipulation of the talocrural, proximal tibiofibular joints and the combination thereof on ankle dorsiflexion
- Authors: Ritter, Jacques
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Ankle , Joints - Range of motion
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/387544 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292964 , uj:31846
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the immediate effects of a combined talocrural and proximal tibiofibular manipulation on ankle dorsiflexion with a control as well as with the effects of manipulation of each joint in isolation. Method: The study consisted of 100 asymptomatic participants. The participants were divided into four groups each comprising 25. Participants had to meet the inclusion criteria to be considered for the study and also had to present with no contra-indications for peripheral manipulation. Procedure: Group 1 received a single talocrural manipulation. Group 2 received a single proximal tibiofibular manipulation. Group 3 received both a talocrural as well as proximal tibiofibular manipulation. Group 4 did not receive any intervention and served as the control group. The talocrural dorsiflexion was measured using the weight-bearing lunge test. Measurements were taken prior to the intervention and immediately afterwards. The data was recorded by the researcher. Once the trials were completed, the results were sent to STATKON to be analysed. Results: The manipulated limbs of Groups 1, 2 and 3 all showed an increase in ankle dorsiflexion. Group 3 showed the biggest improvement. Group 4 showed no statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: It was found that all the groups that received intervention in the form of joint manipulation improved. Statistically, they had the same improvement, yet clinically it appeared that Group 3 had some additive effect. Although an increase was also noted in the unmanipulated limbs, such an increase across all analyses of unmanipulated limbs was so small it can be argued to be negligible. It could be said that manipulation of the proximal tibiofibular joint, talocrural joint or both has an immediate increase in dorsiflexion of the ankle. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Ritter, Jacques
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Ankle , Joints - Range of motion
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/387544 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292964 , uj:31846
- Description: Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the immediate effects of a combined talocrural and proximal tibiofibular manipulation on ankle dorsiflexion with a control as well as with the effects of manipulation of each joint in isolation. Method: The study consisted of 100 asymptomatic participants. The participants were divided into four groups each comprising 25. Participants had to meet the inclusion criteria to be considered for the study and also had to present with no contra-indications for peripheral manipulation. Procedure: Group 1 received a single talocrural manipulation. Group 2 received a single proximal tibiofibular manipulation. Group 3 received both a talocrural as well as proximal tibiofibular manipulation. Group 4 did not receive any intervention and served as the control group. The talocrural dorsiflexion was measured using the weight-bearing lunge test. Measurements were taken prior to the intervention and immediately afterwards. The data was recorded by the researcher. Once the trials were completed, the results were sent to STATKON to be analysed. Results: The manipulated limbs of Groups 1, 2 and 3 all showed an increase in ankle dorsiflexion. Group 3 showed the biggest improvement. Group 4 showed no statistically significant improvement. Conclusion: It was found that all the groups that received intervention in the form of joint manipulation improved. Statistically, they had the same improvement, yet clinically it appeared that Group 3 had some additive effect. Although an increase was also noted in the unmanipulated limbs, such an increase across all analyses of unmanipulated limbs was so small it can be argued to be negligible. It could be said that manipulation of the proximal tibiofibular joint, talocrural joint or both has an immediate increase in dorsiflexion of the ankle. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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A case series describing the effect of extremity manipulation on qEEG
- Authors: Randal-Smith, Devlin Sean
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Ankle , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246598 , uj:25577
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the effect that an extremity manipulation particulary a talocrural joint (TCJM) manipulation had on qEEG. Method: A descriptive case series was chosen for this study. 10 participants that met the relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The study looked to observe changes in the qEEG readings before and immediately following the extremity manipulation, as well as 30 minutes after the manipulation was delivered. The study took place in the Chiropractic Clinic at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus. The 10 participants were screened for long axis extension talocrural joint restrictions. The qEEG was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then closed before any manipulation was given. Immediately following the manipulation, another recording was taken, again with the eyes open and then closed. Finally, the values 30 minutes post-manipulation were captured. Once again with the eyes open and then closed. The qEEG data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. These values were used to find any statistical significance in the results. An analysis of the results was performed to identify relationships between the manipulation and brain wave activity within each of the lobes (frontal, temporal and parietal). Results: Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in all of the lobes. Beta and delta wave changes immediately following the manipulation, in the frontal lobe and temporal lobe were indicative of the participants’ increased relaxed/ resting states.. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe following the manipulation and 30 minutes later were also suggestive of the participants’ increased relaxed and reflective state. Also important to consider was the patients immobile and quiet state throughout the trial. Conclusion: In this study, the findings are limited and inconclusive as there is no sure way to quantify how much of the increase in relaxation of the participant was a result of the extremity manipulation or the participants’ motionless and silent state. Research is severely limited on the relationship between peripheral joint manipulation and its effect on the brain. The only studies that exist are concerned with spinal manipulation. It is interesting to see that the degree of changes following the TCJM showed a similar extent of change as seen by the spinal studies. This could suggest that there are alternative factors responsible for the changes directly following the manipulation. The study has still made an encouraging contribution to the claim that chiropractic manipulation has an effect on qEEG readings, based on the...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Randal-Smith, Devlin Sean
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Ankle , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246598 , uj:25577
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the effect that an extremity manipulation particulary a talocrural joint (TCJM) manipulation had on qEEG. Method: A descriptive case series was chosen for this study. 10 participants that met the relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. The study looked to observe changes in the qEEG readings before and immediately following the extremity manipulation, as well as 30 minutes after the manipulation was delivered. The study took place in the Chiropractic Clinic at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus. The 10 participants were screened for long axis extension talocrural joint restrictions. The qEEG was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then closed before any manipulation was given. Immediately following the manipulation, another recording was taken, again with the eyes open and then closed. Finally, the values 30 minutes post-manipulation were captured. Once again with the eyes open and then closed. The qEEG data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. These values were used to find any statistical significance in the results. An analysis of the results was performed to identify relationships between the manipulation and brain wave activity within each of the lobes (frontal, temporal and parietal). Results: Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in all of the lobes. Beta and delta wave changes immediately following the manipulation, in the frontal lobe and temporal lobe were indicative of the participants’ increased relaxed/ resting states.. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe following the manipulation and 30 minutes later were also suggestive of the participants’ increased relaxed and reflective state. Also important to consider was the patients immobile and quiet state throughout the trial. Conclusion: In this study, the findings are limited and inconclusive as there is no sure way to quantify how much of the increase in relaxation of the participant was a result of the extremity manipulation or the participants’ motionless and silent state. Research is severely limited on the relationship between peripheral joint manipulation and its effect on the brain. The only studies that exist are concerned with spinal manipulation. It is interesting to see that the degree of changes following the TCJM showed a similar extent of change as seen by the spinal studies. This could suggest that there are alternative factors responsible for the changes directly following the manipulation. The study has still made an encouraging contribution to the claim that chiropractic manipulation has an effect on qEEG readings, based on the...
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Describing the effect of chiropractic cervical manipulation on disturbed sleeping patterns
- Authors: Mc Donnell, Kelly
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Sleep - Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/90996 , uj:20050
- Description: Abstract: Introduction:Approximately one hundred and fifty million people worldwide suffer from sleep disturbances. In South Africa, thirty one percent of women and twenty seven percent of men have reported difficulty with sleep (Breus, 2012). Sleep deprivation results in problems such as impaired brain activity, cognitive dysfunctions and, in some cases, serious health problems such as heart attacks, high blood pressure and strokes. It can also result in problems such as impaired memory, hallucinations, depression, moodiness, weakened immune response and weight gain. There are many treatment approaches to sleep disturbances, ranging from psychology sessions to treatment with sleep medication. There also are many claims in the form of patient’s comments, observations by chiropractors, unpublished case studies and blogs that chiropractic treatment affects sleeping patterns. Despite these numerous claims, no research has been done to validate themor to provide evidence supporting theories of how manipulation could influence sleeping patterns. Aim:The aim of the study was to describe the effect that chiropractic cervical manipulation may have on disturbed sleeping patterns. The effect was measured by evaluating the participants’ sleep quality with the use of a sleeping apparatus, the FitBit, which records the sleeping pattern as well as the participants’ perception of the improvement in their sleep disturbance. Method:All volunteers were required to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which ultimately resulted in the recruitment of ten participants who matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the selection process had been completed, the first consultation was conducted. In this consultation,an information form was given to the participants, andeach was asked to sign an informed consent form. Preconsultation education regarding the use of the FitBit was also completed. Thereafter, a full case history was taken and a full physical exam as well as a cervical spine regional exam was performed. Each participant’s FitBit data, personal comments, MLSEQ and LSEQ were used by the researcher to describe whether or not chiropractic cervical manipulation had an effect on each participant’s disturbed sleeping pattern. Each participant attended six consultations over a period two weeks. Chiropractic treatment took place at four of the six consultations... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Mc Donnell, Kelly
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Cervical vertebrae , Spinal adjustment , Sleep - Physiological aspects
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/90996 , uj:20050
- Description: Abstract: Introduction:Approximately one hundred and fifty million people worldwide suffer from sleep disturbances. In South Africa, thirty one percent of women and twenty seven percent of men have reported difficulty with sleep (Breus, 2012). Sleep deprivation results in problems such as impaired brain activity, cognitive dysfunctions and, in some cases, serious health problems such as heart attacks, high blood pressure and strokes. It can also result in problems such as impaired memory, hallucinations, depression, moodiness, weakened immune response and weight gain. There are many treatment approaches to sleep disturbances, ranging from psychology sessions to treatment with sleep medication. There also are many claims in the form of patient’s comments, observations by chiropractors, unpublished case studies and blogs that chiropractic treatment affects sleeping patterns. Despite these numerous claims, no research has been done to validate themor to provide evidence supporting theories of how manipulation could influence sleeping patterns. Aim:The aim of the study was to describe the effect that chiropractic cervical manipulation may have on disturbed sleeping patterns. The effect was measured by evaluating the participants’ sleep quality with the use of a sleeping apparatus, the FitBit, which records the sleeping pattern as well as the participants’ perception of the improvement in their sleep disturbance. Method:All volunteers were required to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, which ultimately resulted in the recruitment of ten participants who matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After the selection process had been completed, the first consultation was conducted. In this consultation,an information form was given to the participants, andeach was asked to sign an informed consent form. Preconsultation education regarding the use of the FitBit was also completed. Thereafter, a full case history was taken and a full physical exam as well as a cervical spine regional exam was performed. Each participant’s FitBit data, personal comments, MLSEQ and LSEQ were used by the researcher to describe whether or not chiropractic cervical manipulation had an effect on each participant’s disturbed sleeping pattern. Each participant attended six consultations over a period two weeks. Chiropractic treatment took place at four of the six consultations... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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The effect of cervical spine adjustment on grip strength and its rate of decline
- Authors: Prinsloo, Luchelle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Grip strength , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226573 , uj:22911
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the immediate effect of chiropractic manipulation of the cervico-thoracic junction on grip strength and its rate of decline after manipulation. Method: Fifty participants with asymptomatic cervico-thoracic dysfunction were selected. All participants were placed in a single group as they all received the same treatment. Participants had to meet the inclusion criteria to be part of the study and they had to be free of any contra-indications to chiropractic manipulation. Procedure: Each participant was treated only once with a manipulation to the cervico-thoracic junction. Four measurements of grip strength were taken over a 24 hour period. Each participant’s grip strength was measured prior to manipulation with a Jamar handgrip dynamometer. Thereafter the restricted cervico-thoracic segmented was manipulated and grip strength was measured immediately thereafter. The participants were requested to return one hour after the initial treatment when another reading was taken. The last visit took place 24 hours after manipulation, where the final grip strength measurement was taken. All data was recorded by the researcher and analysed by Statkon. Results: A significant increase in grip strength was noted immediately post treatment, with grip strength peaking one hour post treatment. Although a decline was noted twenty four hours post treatment, it did not return to the initial values. Conclusion: The results indicated an increase in grip strength after manipulation of the cervico-thoracic junction. An increase was visible on all readings (immediately post treatment, one hour post treatment and twenty four hours post treatment), tested with the Jamar handgrip dynamometer. Most results were found to be statistically insignificant, with exclusion of measurement three (one hour post treatment) on the left hand side. In conclusion it was noted that manipulation directed to the cervico-thoracic junction increases muscle strength up to twenty four hours as measured by the Jamar Handgrip Dynamometer. Further readings are necessary in order to determine when the grip strength of participants would return to pre treatment values as the true rate of decline could not be determined in only a twenty four hour period...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Prinsloo, Luchelle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Grip strength , Chiropractic
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226573 , uj:22911
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine the immediate effect of chiropractic manipulation of the cervico-thoracic junction on grip strength and its rate of decline after manipulation. Method: Fifty participants with asymptomatic cervico-thoracic dysfunction were selected. All participants were placed in a single group as they all received the same treatment. Participants had to meet the inclusion criteria to be part of the study and they had to be free of any contra-indications to chiropractic manipulation. Procedure: Each participant was treated only once with a manipulation to the cervico-thoracic junction. Four measurements of grip strength were taken over a 24 hour period. Each participant’s grip strength was measured prior to manipulation with a Jamar handgrip dynamometer. Thereafter the restricted cervico-thoracic segmented was manipulated and grip strength was measured immediately thereafter. The participants were requested to return one hour after the initial treatment when another reading was taken. The last visit took place 24 hours after manipulation, where the final grip strength measurement was taken. All data was recorded by the researcher and analysed by Statkon. Results: A significant increase in grip strength was noted immediately post treatment, with grip strength peaking one hour post treatment. Although a decline was noted twenty four hours post treatment, it did not return to the initial values. Conclusion: The results indicated an increase in grip strength after manipulation of the cervico-thoracic junction. An increase was visible on all readings (immediately post treatment, one hour post treatment and twenty four hours post treatment), tested with the Jamar handgrip dynamometer. Most results were found to be statistically insignificant, with exclusion of measurement three (one hour post treatment) on the left hand side. In conclusion it was noted that manipulation directed to the cervico-thoracic junction increases muscle strength up to twenty four hours as measured by the Jamar Handgrip Dynamometer. Further readings are necessary in order to determine when the grip strength of participants would return to pre treatment values as the true rate of decline could not be determined in only a twenty four hour period...
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A case series describing the effect of lumbar manipulation on qEEG
- Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Authors: Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268590 , uj:28514
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing whether or not chiropractic manipulation delivered to lumbar spine motion restrictions have any recognisable effect on quantitative electroencephalogram readings. Method: A descriptive case series method was chosen for this study. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic day clinic. The study consisted of 10 participants with lumbar spine motion restrictions. The electroencephalogram was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and closed, before any lumbar manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, two measurements were taken, one while the participants’ eyes were open and one while the participants’ eyes were closed. The first measurement took place immediately after the manipulation, and the second measurement took place 30 minutes later. It was decided to simplify the quantitative electroencephalogram data to eyes open only, and the data was converted into mean values of the theta and beta brain waves. A change was described in the quantitative electroencephalogram readings following chiropractic manipulation for each individual participant, as well as during observation of the group average results. Results: After investigating the results, the brain waves showed distinct changes across all three lobes in all 10 participants. Typically there was either an increase or decrease immediately post manipulation. The majority of measurements across all lobes were higher than the initial baseline values 30 minutes post manipulation. Theta wave activity across the frontal and temporal lobes showed the same decrease-increase trend possibly due to the after-effect mechanism caused by lumbar manipulation. The largest increase in theta activity took place in the frontal lobe 30 minutes post manipulation. The most significant increase trend of the beta waves also took place in the frontal lobe, possibly due to the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the temporal and parietal association areas. The trends of these waves represent increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, leaving the participants in an attentive and vigilant state of information processing. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for activation of the executive function mechanism used to improve neurological function such as improved joint position sense, reaction time, cortical...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Du Plessis, Pieter Hermanus Olivier
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268590 , uj:28514
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to compile a case series describing whether or not chiropractic manipulation delivered to lumbar spine motion restrictions have any recognisable effect on quantitative electroencephalogram readings. Method: A descriptive case series method was chosen for this study. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic day clinic. The study consisted of 10 participants with lumbar spine motion restrictions. The electroencephalogram was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and closed, before any lumbar manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, two measurements were taken, one while the participants’ eyes were open and one while the participants’ eyes were closed. The first measurement took place immediately after the manipulation, and the second measurement took place 30 minutes later. It was decided to simplify the quantitative electroencephalogram data to eyes open only, and the data was converted into mean values of the theta and beta brain waves. A change was described in the quantitative electroencephalogram readings following chiropractic manipulation for each individual participant, as well as during observation of the group average results. Results: After investigating the results, the brain waves showed distinct changes across all three lobes in all 10 participants. Typically there was either an increase or decrease immediately post manipulation. The majority of measurements across all lobes were higher than the initial baseline values 30 minutes post manipulation. Theta wave activity across the frontal and temporal lobes showed the same decrease-increase trend possibly due to the after-effect mechanism caused by lumbar manipulation. The largest increase in theta activity took place in the frontal lobe 30 minutes post manipulation. The most significant increase trend of the beta waves also took place in the frontal lobe, possibly due to the connection between the prefrontal cortex and the temporal and parietal association areas. The trends of these waves represent increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, leaving the participants in an attentive and vigilant state of information processing. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for activation of the executive function mechanism used to improve neurological function such as improved joint position sense, reaction time, cortical...
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A comparison between the effects of manipulation alone versus manipulation combined with dry needling on hamstring strength
- Authors: Gillingham, Miriam Taryn
- Date: 2013-09-02
- Subjects: Manipulation (Chiropractic) , Sacroiliac joint diseases - Chiropractic treatment , Hamstring injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Hamstring muscle , Muscle strength
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7722 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8592
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: According to Jonhagen, Nemeth and Erikson (1994), hamstring muscle injury as a result of weakness is prevalent. Hoskins and Pollard (2005) states that a previous or recent hamstring muscle injury is the most recognized risk factor for future injury. Given the high reoccurrence rate, hamstring injuries provide a significant challenge to the treating clinician. Knowledge surrounding the optimal treatment is critical to improve hamstring muscle strength in preventing these injuries. The aim of this study is to determine the most effective treatment method, when comparing sacroiliac joint manipulation with or without dry needling and the effect it has on hamstring strength. Design: Thirty participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years old presenting with SI joint dysfunction and hamstring trigger points, were considered for this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 participants each (group A and B). Group A received manipulation to the sacroiliac joint and group B received manipulation to the sacroiliac joint, as well as dry needling of the active myofascial trigger points in the semimembranosus muscles. Each participant was treated six times over a period of three weeks. Measurements: All measurements were collected at the first, third and fifth consultation prior to treatment and on the seventh consultation where no treatment was performed. Subjective measurements included the McGill questionnaire and a visual analogue pain scale. Objective measurements included algometer, readings of pressure pain threshold of the hamstring muscle trigger points and hamstring muscle strength recorded using a dynamometer instrument. Results and Conclusion: Group A and group B proved to have a statistical and clinical improvement overall. Group A had a better improvement in both subjective tests and in the objective tests. In comparing the statistically significant data for hamstring muscle strength in this study, it would appear that Group A responded better to treatment than Group B. Although both groups did improve, it suggests that Group A achieved the greatest overall improvement. Therefore it can be suggested that myofascial dry needling of the hamstring muscle was found not to have an additive effect for improving vii hamstring muscle strength, it actually appears to have done worse. The reason for this might be due to the post treatment soreness after needling. This may cause muscle inhibition and decreased muscle contraction, due to the pain or tenderness, which could have affected the muscle strength. In conclusion, the results in this study show that chiropractic manipulation combined with dry needling did not have better results in improving hamstring strength.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Gillingham, Miriam Taryn
- Date: 2013-09-02
- Subjects: Manipulation (Chiropractic) , Sacroiliac joint diseases - Chiropractic treatment , Hamstring injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Hamstring muscle , Muscle strength
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7722 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8592
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: According to Jonhagen, Nemeth and Erikson (1994), hamstring muscle injury as a result of weakness is prevalent. Hoskins and Pollard (2005) states that a previous or recent hamstring muscle injury is the most recognized risk factor for future injury. Given the high reoccurrence rate, hamstring injuries provide a significant challenge to the treating clinician. Knowledge surrounding the optimal treatment is critical to improve hamstring muscle strength in preventing these injuries. The aim of this study is to determine the most effective treatment method, when comparing sacroiliac joint manipulation with or without dry needling and the effect it has on hamstring strength. Design: Thirty participants between the ages of 18 and 35 years old presenting with SI joint dysfunction and hamstring trigger points, were considered for this study. The participants were randomly divided into two groups of 15 participants each (group A and B). Group A received manipulation to the sacroiliac joint and group B received manipulation to the sacroiliac joint, as well as dry needling of the active myofascial trigger points in the semimembranosus muscles. Each participant was treated six times over a period of three weeks. Measurements: All measurements were collected at the first, third and fifth consultation prior to treatment and on the seventh consultation where no treatment was performed. Subjective measurements included the McGill questionnaire and a visual analogue pain scale. Objective measurements included algometer, readings of pressure pain threshold of the hamstring muscle trigger points and hamstring muscle strength recorded using a dynamometer instrument. Results and Conclusion: Group A and group B proved to have a statistical and clinical improvement overall. Group A had a better improvement in both subjective tests and in the objective tests. In comparing the statistically significant data for hamstring muscle strength in this study, it would appear that Group A responded better to treatment than Group B. Although both groups did improve, it suggests that Group A achieved the greatest overall improvement. Therefore it can be suggested that myofascial dry needling of the hamstring muscle was found not to have an additive effect for improving vii hamstring muscle strength, it actually appears to have done worse. The reason for this might be due to the post treatment soreness after needling. This may cause muscle inhibition and decreased muscle contraction, due to the pain or tenderness, which could have affected the muscle strength. In conclusion, the results in this study show that chiropractic manipulation combined with dry needling did not have better results in improving hamstring strength.
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The efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation in combination with spinal manipulative therapy on active trigger points of the trapezius muscle
- Authors: Brits, Michelle Charné
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Myalgia - Chiropractic treatment , Progressive muscle relaxation therapy , Spinal adjustment , Trapezius muscle
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7449 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8309
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: The trapezius muscle is thought to be the muscle most commonly associated with the presence of active myofascial trigger points (MFTP’s). Studies of the trapezius muscle clearly show that muscular activity significantly increases in response to psychological stress. Cervical spine manipulation has been proven to be highly effective in the treatment of active MFTP’s and muscular tension. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) therapy is frequently utilized as a relaxation technique in subjects complaining of increased levels of muscular tension, possibly due to an increased perception of psychological stress. Although cervical spine manipulation alone is effective in the treatment of active MFTP’s and muscular tension, chiropractors often search for adjunctive therapies to improve current treatment protocols. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of cervical spine manipulation and PMR therapy is a more efficient, and possibly effective, treatment protocol for active MFTP’s of the trapezius muscle. Method: This study was a comparative study and consisted of two groups of fifteen participants each. All participants were between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five years of age, with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine. Group B was the combination group and therefore received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine together with the application of PMR therapy. Subjective measurements consisted of a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Questionnaire, Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) and the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire. Objective measurements consisted of pressure pain threshold algometry readings taken from active trigger points one (TP1) and/or trigger point two (TP2) on the right and/or left side of the upper trapezius muscle.
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- Authors: Brits, Michelle Charné
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Myalgia - Chiropractic treatment , Progressive muscle relaxation therapy , Spinal adjustment , Trapezius muscle
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7449 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8309
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: The trapezius muscle is thought to be the muscle most commonly associated with the presence of active myofascial trigger points (MFTP’s). Studies of the trapezius muscle clearly show that muscular activity significantly increases in response to psychological stress. Cervical spine manipulation has been proven to be highly effective in the treatment of active MFTP’s and muscular tension. Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) therapy is frequently utilized as a relaxation technique in subjects complaining of increased levels of muscular tension, possibly due to an increased perception of psychological stress. Although cervical spine manipulation alone is effective in the treatment of active MFTP’s and muscular tension, chiropractors often search for adjunctive therapies to improve current treatment protocols. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combination of cervical spine manipulation and PMR therapy is a more efficient, and possibly effective, treatment protocol for active MFTP’s of the trapezius muscle. Method: This study was a comparative study and consisted of two groups of fifteen participants each. All participants were between the ages of eighteen and thirty-five years of age, with a male to female ratio of 1:1. Potential participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine. Group B was the combination group and therefore received chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy of the cervical spine together with the application of PMR therapy. Subjective measurements consisted of a Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Questionnaire, Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) and the Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire. Objective measurements consisted of pressure pain threshold algometry readings taken from active trigger points one (TP1) and/or trigger point two (TP2) on the right and/or left side of the upper trapezius muscle.
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The effect of cervical spine manipulation on elbow joint position sense in patients with acute cervical facet syndrome
- Authors: Marshall, Lauren Dominique
- Date: 2013-05-27
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Proprioception
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:7555 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8413
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Many studies have shown the effects of treatment of the cervical spine on body parts distal to the spine itself, which are linked, anatomically, biomechanically and neurologically. However, proprioception and its role on postural control mechanisms distant to the spine, is a field that has not been well researched. A method that has been developed to evaluate proprioception is joint position sense accuracy, which to date has been well researched on various pain conditions of the cervical spine. However the effect of cervical spine conditions distant to the spine has not been well researched. The purpose of this study was to determine the short to medium term effect of cervical spine manipulative therapy (SMT) compared to ultrasound therapy delivered to acute cervical facets on position sense of the upper limb by evaluating joint position sense accuracy of the elbow. It has been well researched that chiropractic manipulative therapy does not only improve cervical spine range of motion (Purvis, 1991), but also reduces neck pain (Herzog, Scheele and Conway, 1999). This study therefore illustrates that cervical spine manipulative therapy improves not only cervical spine pain and function but may further help us understand the vertebral subluxation complex and its effects on the nervous system in terms of improving upper limb proprioception.A random sample of thirty participants, between the ages of eighteen and fifty participants presenting with acute cervical facet syndrome volunteered for this study; the participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of treatment administered to each participant was determined by group allocation. Group A received cervical spine manipulation delivered to the acute cervical facet joint and Group B received ultrasound therapy of the acute cervical facet joint. The acute cervical facet joints were located using Kemps test. Restrictions of the acute facet were assessed by motion palpation for hypomobile joint dysfunction.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Marshall, Lauren Dominique
- Date: 2013-05-27
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Proprioception
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:7555 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8413
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Many studies have shown the effects of treatment of the cervical spine on body parts distal to the spine itself, which are linked, anatomically, biomechanically and neurologically. However, proprioception and its role on postural control mechanisms distant to the spine, is a field that has not been well researched. A method that has been developed to evaluate proprioception is joint position sense accuracy, which to date has been well researched on various pain conditions of the cervical spine. However the effect of cervical spine conditions distant to the spine has not been well researched. The purpose of this study was to determine the short to medium term effect of cervical spine manipulative therapy (SMT) compared to ultrasound therapy delivered to acute cervical facets on position sense of the upper limb by evaluating joint position sense accuracy of the elbow. It has been well researched that chiropractic manipulative therapy does not only improve cervical spine range of motion (Purvis, 1991), but also reduces neck pain (Herzog, Scheele and Conway, 1999). This study therefore illustrates that cervical spine manipulative therapy improves not only cervical spine pain and function but may further help us understand the vertebral subluxation complex and its effects on the nervous system in terms of improving upper limb proprioception.A random sample of thirty participants, between the ages of eighteen and fifty participants presenting with acute cervical facet syndrome volunteered for this study; the participants were examined and accepted according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The method of treatment administered to each participant was determined by group allocation. Group A received cervical spine manipulation delivered to the acute cervical facet joint and Group B received ultrasound therapy of the acute cervical facet joint. The acute cervical facet joints were located using Kemps test. Restrictions of the acute facet were assessed by motion palpation for hypomobile joint dysfunction.
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Analysis of the use of non-manipulative therapies by chiropractors in South Africa
- Authors: Duarte, Tasmyn Matos
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic - South Africa , Therapeutics
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246876 , uj:25614
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: To analyse the use of non-manipulative therapies by chiropractors in South Africa. Method: Participants registered with the AHPCSA and CASA were recruited for this study through the respective databases. An email containing a link to the survey was sent out. If the participants wished to partake in the survey, they could click on the link provided in the email. This link redirected them to an independent website where they could anonymously answer the survey. The survey consisted of a series of questions that the participant could answer by clicking on the most applicable answer. The survey was accessible from 25th July 2016 to 26th August 2016. A total of 100 responses were required for statistical analysis and a total of 135 responses were received. Results: From the data retrieved, it was found that factors such as age, gender, experience in practice and institution of graduation had no influence on the frequency of non-manipulative therapy use in practice. Despite the above, it was noted that the time taken to consult with and treat follow up patients was lengthened with increased frequency of non-manipulative therapy use in practice. No trend was found with new patients. The three most frequently used nonmanipulative therapies were dry needling, strapping and cervical traction. Majority of the participants received training for these non-manipulative therapies as part of their chiropractic syllabus, except for strapping which generally is taught as part of a postgraduate course. Despite the various options available, some participants received no training for these non-manipulative therapies and still use them in practice. It was also found that the strongest motivation for using non-manipulative therapies was when manipulation was contraindicated. Conclusion: The analysis of this survey showed that the biographic factors relating to chiropractors have no influence on how frequently non-manipulative therapies are being used in practice. The impact of using non-manipulative therapies more frequently on length of consultation times may be a factor that discourages chiropractors from using non-manipulative therapies. In South Africa, majority of the non-manipulative therapies are being taught at university level as part of the chiropractic syllabus. Very few are being taught through postgraduate courses, medical representatives and via other means. There are chiropractors that are using certain non-manipulative therapies in practice without having any form of training. Therefore, the introduction of additional postgraduate courses in South Africa will be valuable...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Duarte, Tasmyn Matos
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic - South Africa , Therapeutics
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246876 , uj:25614
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: To analyse the use of non-manipulative therapies by chiropractors in South Africa. Method: Participants registered with the AHPCSA and CASA were recruited for this study through the respective databases. An email containing a link to the survey was sent out. If the participants wished to partake in the survey, they could click on the link provided in the email. This link redirected them to an independent website where they could anonymously answer the survey. The survey consisted of a series of questions that the participant could answer by clicking on the most applicable answer. The survey was accessible from 25th July 2016 to 26th August 2016. A total of 100 responses were required for statistical analysis and a total of 135 responses were received. Results: From the data retrieved, it was found that factors such as age, gender, experience in practice and institution of graduation had no influence on the frequency of non-manipulative therapy use in practice. Despite the above, it was noted that the time taken to consult with and treat follow up patients was lengthened with increased frequency of non-manipulative therapy use in practice. No trend was found with new patients. The three most frequently used nonmanipulative therapies were dry needling, strapping and cervical traction. Majority of the participants received training for these non-manipulative therapies as part of their chiropractic syllabus, except for strapping which generally is taught as part of a postgraduate course. Despite the various options available, some participants received no training for these non-manipulative therapies and still use them in practice. It was also found that the strongest motivation for using non-manipulative therapies was when manipulation was contraindicated. Conclusion: The analysis of this survey showed that the biographic factors relating to chiropractors have no influence on how frequently non-manipulative therapies are being used in practice. The impact of using non-manipulative therapies more frequently on length of consultation times may be a factor that discourages chiropractors from using non-manipulative therapies. In South Africa, majority of the non-manipulative therapies are being taught at university level as part of the chiropractic syllabus. Very few are being taught through postgraduate courses, medical representatives and via other means. There are chiropractors that are using certain non-manipulative therapies in practice without having any form of training. Therefore, the introduction of additional postgraduate courses in South Africa will be valuable...
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Validity and reliability of using a flexicurve to measure cervical lordosis
- Authors: Taylor, Stephanie Sue
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Spine - Abnormalities , Cervical lordosis
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58113 , uj:16420
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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- Authors: Taylor, Stephanie Sue
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Spine - Abnormalities , Cervical lordosis
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58113 , uj:16420
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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A survey of complications associated with chiropractic treatment in South Africa
- Authors: Scott-Crossley, Chanelle
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Chiropractic - South Africa , Therapeutics - Complications - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58639 , uj:16480
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Scott-Crossley, Chanelle
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Chiropractic - South Africa , Therapeutics - Complications - South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/58639 , uj:16480
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
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A case series describing the effect of thoracic manipulation on qEEG
- Authors: Bhamjee, Saeedah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268677 , uj:28524
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the effect of chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine on brain quantitative electro encephalogram (qEEG) readings. Method: A descriptive design following a case series approach was used to record changes in qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic clinic. The study comprised of 10 participants with thoracic motion restrictions. The brainwave activity of each participant was measured and recorded using the qEEG. A pre- manipulation reading was taken, which comprised of the measurement of the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then with their eyes closed. A post-manipulation reading was taken immediately after, also measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. Thirty minutes later a second post manipulation reading was taken, measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. The data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. The results were analysed and described to find the relationship between the manipulation and the different areas of the brain with its associated brain wave activity. Results: Changes of particular interest were found across all three lobes. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe were indicative of a relaxed and reflective state in participants. Changes in the delta and beta waves in the temporal and frontal lobe also showed the manipulations potential to increase the relaxed state in participants. Although, it should be noted that throughout the trial participants were in lying down in a quiet and un-stimulatory environment, which may also have contributed to the changes demonstrated. Conclusion: This study fully describes 10 participants and the manipulation effect on qEEG. Based on the results, chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine does have an effect on qEEG readings. However the motivation behind the results remain inconclusive. A larger group of participants are needed and the variables need to be more controlled to make a definite conclusion and allow for statistical analysis.
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- Authors: Bhamjee, Saeedah
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Electroencephalography , Relaxation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268677 , uj:28524
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of the study was to describe the effect of chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine on brain quantitative electro encephalogram (qEEG) readings. Method: A descriptive design following a case series approach was used to record changes in qEEG readings before and after a chiropractic manipulation. The study took place at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus, in the Chiropractic clinic. The study comprised of 10 participants with thoracic motion restrictions. The brainwave activity of each participant was measured and recorded using the qEEG. A pre- manipulation reading was taken, which comprised of the measurement of the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then with their eyes closed. A post-manipulation reading was taken immediately after, also measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. Thirty minutes later a second post manipulation reading was taken, measured with eyes open and then eyes closed. The data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, delta, theta, alpha and beta. The results were analysed and described to find the relationship between the manipulation and the different areas of the brain with its associated brain wave activity. Results: Changes of particular interest were found across all three lobes. Alpha and delta wave changes in the parietal lobe were indicative of a relaxed and reflective state in participants. Changes in the delta and beta waves in the temporal and frontal lobe also showed the manipulations potential to increase the relaxed state in participants. Although, it should be noted that throughout the trial participants were in lying down in a quiet and un-stimulatory environment, which may also have contributed to the changes demonstrated. Conclusion: This study fully describes 10 participants and the manipulation effect on qEEG. Based on the results, chiropractic manipulation of the thoracic spine does have an effect on qEEG readings. However the motivation behind the results remain inconclusive. A larger group of participants are needed and the variables need to be more controlled to make a definite conclusion and allow for statistical analysis.
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The effect of manual versus mechanical cervical manipulation on QEEG
- Authors: Robertson, Kim Nicole
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231436 , uj:23576
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of manual chiropractic manipulations versus a mechanical manipulating device on the influence on oscillations at different frequencies with an extracranial scalp quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG). Method: A comparative design using random group allocation was chosen for this study. This study looked for changes in the QEEG readings before and after manual chiropractic manipulations and compared them to before and after readings of the mechanical manipulating device results. The study took place in the Chiropractic Clinic at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus. The study comprised twenty participants with cervical spine motion restrictions who were randomly allocated into two groups of ten. The QEEG was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then closed before any manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, there was a reading done immediately after, again with the eyes open and then closed, as well as thirty minutes post-manipulation. The QEEG data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, theta and beta. These values were used to find any statistical significance in the results. An exploratory analysis was performed with the assistance of Statkon to identify relationships in the results using the theta: beta ratio. Results: Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in the parietal lobe. In the parietal lobe, there was a significant difference between Group A (mechanical manipulation) and Group B (manual manipulation) in the intergroup analysis pre-manipulation (p=0.019) and post-manipulation (p=0.023) when the participants’ eyes were open. After assessing the mean ranks, it could be concluded that manual manipulation had a greater effect on the parietal lobe than mechanical manipulation. In the frontal and temporal lobe, although important, no findings were of particular interest as there were no statistically significant findings evident in the results relating to these lobes. Conclusion: In this study, the limited findings indicate that no clear conclusions can be drawn with regards to whether or not mechanical manipulation has a similar effect to manual manipulation. The study has contributed positively to the claim that manual manipulation does have an effect on QEEG as there were significant changes present post-manual manipulation in
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- Authors: Robertson, Kim Nicole
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Cervical vertebrae , Electroencephalography
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231436 , uj:23576
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of manual chiropractic manipulations versus a mechanical manipulating device on the influence on oscillations at different frequencies with an extracranial scalp quantitative electroencephalogram (QEEG). Method: A comparative design using random group allocation was chosen for this study. This study looked for changes in the QEEG readings before and after manual chiropractic manipulations and compared them to before and after readings of the mechanical manipulating device results. The study took place in the Chiropractic Clinic at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein campus. The study comprised twenty participants with cervical spine motion restrictions who were randomly allocated into two groups of ten. The QEEG was used to record the participants’ brain wave activity with their eyes open and then closed before any manipulation was given. Post-manipulation, there was a reading done immediately after, again with the eyes open and then closed, as well as thirty minutes post-manipulation. The QEEG data was converted into mean values of the brain waves, theta and beta. These values were used to find any statistical significance in the results. An exploratory analysis was performed with the assistance of Statkon to identify relationships in the results using the theta: beta ratio. Results: Findings of particular interest in this study were evident in the parietal lobe. In the parietal lobe, there was a significant difference between Group A (mechanical manipulation) and Group B (manual manipulation) in the intergroup analysis pre-manipulation (p=0.019) and post-manipulation (p=0.023) when the participants’ eyes were open. After assessing the mean ranks, it could be concluded that manual manipulation had a greater effect on the parietal lobe than mechanical manipulation. In the frontal and temporal lobe, although important, no findings were of particular interest as there were no statistically significant findings evident in the results relating to these lobes. Conclusion: In this study, the limited findings indicate that no clear conclusions can be drawn with regards to whether or not mechanical manipulation has a similar effect to manual manipulation. The study has contributed positively to the claim that manual manipulation does have an effect on QEEG as there were significant changes present post-manual manipulation in
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Dry needling versus cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling of infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points
- Authors: Cloete, Gert
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Dry needling therapy , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Acupuncture , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7450 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8310
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dry needling with cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling, in the treatment of infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points. Study Design: This was a randomized experimental study Setting: The participants were treated at the University of Johannesburg chiropractic day clinic Subjects: 30 participants volunteered for the study. The participants were divided into groups by randomly drawing thirty numbers from a hat, and placing them into two groups: either dry needling combined with spinal manipulation (group 1) or dry needling only (group 2). Participants had to be between eighteen and fifty years old and they could have been male or female. Participants had to present with active infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points and also had to present with shoulder or lateral arm pain reproduced by infraspinatus trigger point palpation. Method: Participants were either treated using dry needling only or dry needling combined with spinal manipulation. There were seven consultations. The first six consultations were treatment consultations. Measurements were taken at consultations one, four and seven. Results: The results indicate statistically that participants who had dry needling on its own had a faster increased pressure pain tolerance and a faster decrease in resting electrical activity of the muscle over the treatment period than those that recieved dry needling in combination with spinal manipulation. We must emphasize however that this did not show in the numerical pain rating scale. Participants felt a relatively even relief of their pain in both groups. These overall results might have been skewed by outliers in groups and a small demographic study size. The rest of the results were statistically insignificant, however there was a clinically desired therapeutic effect noted in both groups throughout the study. Conclusion: Dry needling only and dry needling combined with spinal manipulation, individually have desired therapeutic effects in the treatment of infraspinatus myofascial trigger points. There is however no conclusive statistical results in this study that shows one treatment protocol to have a greater therapeutic effect when compared to the other. However this study size was small and therefore the results may have been coincidental.
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- Authors: Cloete, Gert
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Dry needling therapy , Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Manipulation (Therapeutics) , Acupuncture , Cervical vertebrae
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7450 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8310
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare dry needling with cervical spine manipulation combined with dry needling, in the treatment of infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points. Study Design: This was a randomized experimental study Setting: The participants were treated at the University of Johannesburg chiropractic day clinic Subjects: 30 participants volunteered for the study. The participants were divided into groups by randomly drawing thirty numbers from a hat, and placing them into two groups: either dry needling combined with spinal manipulation (group 1) or dry needling only (group 2). Participants had to be between eighteen and fifty years old and they could have been male or female. Participants had to present with active infraspinatus muscle myofascial trigger points and also had to present with shoulder or lateral arm pain reproduced by infraspinatus trigger point palpation. Method: Participants were either treated using dry needling only or dry needling combined with spinal manipulation. There were seven consultations. The first six consultations were treatment consultations. Measurements were taken at consultations one, four and seven. Results: The results indicate statistically that participants who had dry needling on its own had a faster increased pressure pain tolerance and a faster decrease in resting electrical activity of the muscle over the treatment period than those that recieved dry needling in combination with spinal manipulation. We must emphasize however that this did not show in the numerical pain rating scale. Participants felt a relatively even relief of their pain in both groups. These overall results might have been skewed by outliers in groups and a small demographic study size. The rest of the results were statistically insignificant, however there was a clinically desired therapeutic effect noted in both groups throughout the study. Conclusion: Dry needling only and dry needling combined with spinal manipulation, individually have desired therapeutic effects in the treatment of infraspinatus myofascial trigger points. There is however no conclusive statistical results in this study that shows one treatment protocol to have a greater therapeutic effect when compared to the other. However this study size was small and therefore the results may have been coincidental.
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A chiropractic approach to impingement syndrome of the shoulder
- Authors: Masumpa, Bongani Godfrey
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Shoulder - Wounds and injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Shoulder pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226419 , uj:22892
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Shoulder pain has become a socioeconomic burden in recent times, it is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. Studies have shown that shoulder pain affects between 2.4% to 4.8% of the general public. Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) has been reported as one of the common conditions that patients present with. AIM: The aim of this study was to give a detailed description on the chiropractic approach to treating SIS. The description included treatment protocols, treatment time phases and outcomes. METHODOLOGY: The study had a total of 10 participants who ranged between the ages of 18 and 65. The patients were assessed accordingly to see if they were compatible with the requirements of the study. Based on the results of their orthopaedic assessment each, of the 10 participants were diagnosed with SIS and included in the study. The patients were treated individually, it was important that each case was treated as a unique and individual case. Treatment protocols were designed uniquely for each patient based on their presentation of symptoms on the day. The treatment time phases varied and were reported, as each patient had unique response time to the treatments. RESULTS: The results revealed that 7 out of the 10 patients responded favourably to the chiropractic based treatment for SIS. The 7 patients all experienced full restoration of their range of motion and a reduction of their pain levels. These patients did not return for additional treatment and reported an improvement in their quality of life by the end of the study. The other 3 patients also experience partially positive outcomes from the treatment. These patients also experienced partial but satisfactory restoration of their ROM and also reduction of their pain levels. All 10 patients were given home based rehabilitation tasks to perform until they were totally recovered. None of the patients returned for additional treatment by the end of the study phase...
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- Authors: Masumpa, Bongani Godfrey
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Shoulder - Wounds and injuries - Chiropractic treatment , Shoulder pain - Chiropractic treatment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/226419 , uj:22892
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Shoulder pain has become a socioeconomic burden in recent times, it is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders. Studies have shown that shoulder pain affects between 2.4% to 4.8% of the general public. Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) has been reported as one of the common conditions that patients present with. AIM: The aim of this study was to give a detailed description on the chiropractic approach to treating SIS. The description included treatment protocols, treatment time phases and outcomes. METHODOLOGY: The study had a total of 10 participants who ranged between the ages of 18 and 65. The patients were assessed accordingly to see if they were compatible with the requirements of the study. Based on the results of their orthopaedic assessment each, of the 10 participants were diagnosed with SIS and included in the study. The patients were treated individually, it was important that each case was treated as a unique and individual case. Treatment protocols were designed uniquely for each patient based on their presentation of symptoms on the day. The treatment time phases varied and were reported, as each patient had unique response time to the treatments. RESULTS: The results revealed that 7 out of the 10 patients responded favourably to the chiropractic based treatment for SIS. The 7 patients all experienced full restoration of their range of motion and a reduction of their pain levels. These patients did not return for additional treatment and reported an improvement in their quality of life by the end of the study. The other 3 patients also experience partially positive outcomes from the treatment. These patients also experienced partial but satisfactory restoration of their ROM and also reduction of their pain levels. All 10 patients were given home based rehabilitation tasks to perform until they were totally recovered. None of the patients returned for additional treatment by the end of the study phase...
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