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A role-based framework for information systems project success

  • Authors: Seeletsa, Gabriel Rakatane
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Information resources management
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/262069 , uj:27649
  • Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: Information systems projects are becoming more and more synonymous with failure. Despite this, the capital investment by financial services companies in South Africa in these projects is increasing. A number of studies, both academic and corporate, have been undertaken to address the root causes of failures in information systems projects in South Africa across sectors. Despite these attempts, the problem persists. For information systems projects, project success varies from organisation to organisation and even from project to project. What is common in these projects is that they are undertaken by project teams. The composition of the project team is essential to the outcome of these projects. For the project to succeed, the project team as a whole has to possess certain competencies that will collectively improve the chances of project success. This study addresses the problem of the high failure rate of information systems projects in financial services companies in South Africa by looking at the people who are responsible for implementing such projects. This is done by identifying the competencies that are required in each role-player who takes part in these projects in order to improve the success rates of these projects. The approach in this study is holistic in nature, as it addresses the needs of the project team and not the needs of a particular role-player alone. To pursue the aforementioned, a survey was conducted among information systems professionals within the financial services industry in South Africa. A structured questionnaire method was used to collect data for this purpose. Overall, the respondents’ responses where role agnostics and biasness were not detected depended on the current role of the respondent. For project managers, respondents agreed that, for a project to have a higher chance of success, a project manager must be able, among other things, to lead people and to manage stakeholders. For business analysts, the respondents stated that, for business analysts to have a positive impact on project success, they need to, among other things, be able to elicit requirements and to communicate clearly and concisely. For software developers, the respondents concurred that a successful software developer must display, among other competencies, creative and futuristic thinking skills, and also show concern for quality. For software testers, respondents agreed that people performing in this role must, among other things, be thorough and accurate in their work. The study is significant and contributes to both research and practice. The core competencies identified in this study will contribute to existing literature. Also, the framework proposed in this study will be beneficial to organisations and the project community to assist them with the identification of talent, recruitment of that talent, as well as the development and retention of that talent in project roles.
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Attitudes towards nutritional supplement use amongst adult gymnasium users in Johannesburg North

  • Authors: Mc Creanor, Xavier Trevor
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Dietary supplements - South Africa - Johannesburg - Public opinion , Physically active people - South Africa - Johannesburg - Attitudes
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/223184 , uj:22437
  • Description: Abstract: Nutritional supplements refer to any supplementary product ingested to increase the nutritional content of a normal diet to either fill a need or presumed deficiency. The Medicines Control Council (MCC) of South Africa is a statutory body that regulates the performance of clinical trials and registration of medicines. The MCC is responsible for ensuring that all clinical trials of both non-registered medicines and new indications of registered medicines comply with the necessary requirements for safety, quality and efficiency. However, there is currently no regulatory framework enforced by the MCC with regards to supplements in South Africa. A great health concern thus arises with the popularity and the usage of nutritional supplements. The aim of the study was to determine if gymnasium users in Johannesburg North use nutritional supplements and also to ascertain the attitudes of gymnasium users towards nutritional supplements. The study determines where gymnasium users obtain their information and education regarding supplements. In addition, the researcher gathered information regarding the average monthly expenditure on supplements by Johannesburg’s gymnasium users. A theory of attitudes, namely the functionalist theory by the psychologist Daniel Katz, views that attitudes are determined by the functions they serve for us. People grasp on to given attitudes because these attitudes help them attain their basic goals and needs. This theory was used as a guideline to determine that attitude plays a role in the use of nutritional supplements. The study design is a cross-sectional quantitative study using a self-administered questionnaire (Annexure X). The sample consisted of 364 (205 male and 159 female) gymnasium participants aged between 19 and 49 years old. The participants attended gymnasiums two or more times a week at any of the five selected gymnasiums within the Johannesburg North region. Noticeable findings amongst the demographics of the gymnasium users include the growth of African (Black) gymnasium users in public gymnasiums. Further findings show that gymnasium users are aware of the increase in nutritional supplement use in public gymnasiums. The majority of gymnasium users make use of nutritional supplements... , M.Phil. (Sports Science)
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Perceptions on saving by mineworkers in welkom after completing FPI MyMoney123TM programme

  • Authors: Letebele, Tshepo
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Economic development - South Africa , Miners - South Africa - Finance, Personal , Saving and investment - South Africa - Planning
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/295920 , uj:32233
  • Description: Abstract: South Africa's gross national savings is mainly dependent on saving by the corporate sector owing to government being at a budget deficit and household saving ratio to GDP being dismal at 0.4 percent as at July 2018. The Financial Services Board Financial Literacy Report has suggested that the dismal household savings is due to financial illiteracy and lack of awareness of savings products, among other factors. To alleviate this issue non-profit professional bodies such as the Financial Planning Institute of Southern Africa have introduced financial education programmes. In the mining sector the Minerals Council South Africa has identified financial illiteracy and poor saving behaviour as being one of the reasons why 6.5 – 14 percent of mineworkers have emolument attachment orders against their salaries. Through a pre-post design this technical research project studied the Welkom mineworkers’ perceptions of saving after completing the FPI’s MyMoney123TM financial education programme. The results indicated that the majority of mineworkers were likely to save more or differently and apply the principles learned more often. However, a majority of mineworkers also indicated that they did not feel empowered to manage their finances after participating in the financial education programme. The findings of the study were limited in that a convenience sampling technique was used and thus the results could not be generalised to other industries or areas. , M.Com. (Local Economic Development)
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Transplanting Potential - a regenerative negotiation between institution and landscape, within Orlando, Soweto

Regional integration and Intra-Africa trade : do multiple memberships of regional trade agreements matter?

  • Authors: Udeagha, Maxwell Chukwudi
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Commercial treaties , Africa - Economic integration , Foreign trade regulation , Africa - Foreign economic relations
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237327 , uj:24316
  • Description: M.Com. , Abstract: This study has three objectives: Firstly, it asks whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) have contributed to increased trade in Africa. If so, it asks, secondly, if the effects of RTAs are instantaneous or if they manifest over time. Finally, the study provides an empirical assessment of the possible benefits of multiple memberships in RTAs. The research uses a battery of methods consisting of heteroscedastic-consistent Ordinary Least Square (OLS), Poisson Pseudo- Maximum Likelihood (PPML) and Random Effect (RE). The data used for this study is a panel spanning 1995 to 2014. In an attempt to control for time trend, the study in the same framework also contributes to the question whether the benefit of the regional trade agreements (RTAs) all happen instantaneously or gradually over time. The results of the findings suggest that indeed RTAs may enhance trade in many but not all cases and that multiple memberships in RTAs have significant trade-enhancing advantages for member countries. The policy significance of this is that though RTAs may enhance trade, it is only the second best compared to complete integration of the continent. With the exception of SACU, EAC, CSSS and UEMOA, there seems to be no evidence of long-term benefits from membership in other RTAs. However, this does not suggest an absence of gradual benefit but perhaps lack of progress in many of the RTAs to advance to total integration.
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Menslike ontwikkeling as 'n alternatiewe benadering tot ekonomiese ontwikkeling, met verwysing na die Suid-Afrikaanse situasie

  • Authors: Van der Nest, D. P.
  • Date: 1994
  • Language: Afrikaans
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/84190 , uj:19188
  • Description: Abstract: The purpose of this study is to show that human development is an alternative approach to economic development with reference to the South African situation. This study highlights the evolution in the thought on economic development. Since the nineteen fifties different theories have seen the light with the common goal to increase the level of development in less developed countries. As this study clearly illustrates, all of these theories have one thing in common: a growth in income indicates a higher level of development. The study illustrates that a growth in income can't be the only indicator of development. Development must reach and influence the inhabitants of a country. It is seen that there are countries with a high income which can't reach sufficient levels of human development, while there are countries with a relatively low level of income and a high level of human development. The alternative to income growth is thus the human development approach. The human development approach consists of an index which gives a numerical value to three important aspects of human life namely life expectancy, literacy and income... , M. Com. (Economics)
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Radiographer knowledge and practice of paediatric radiation dose protocols in digital radiography in Gauteng

  • Authors: Moolman, Nicole
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Radiography, Medical - Digital techniques , Pediatric radiography , Pediatric diagnostic imaging , Radiography, Medical
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/296935 , uj:32359
  • Description: M.Tech. (Radiography) , Abstract: The advent of digital radiography (DR) poses the risk of unnoticed increases in patient dose. Radiological imaging of paediatric patients is extremely valuable however; special considerations need to be taken into account. The increased radiation sensitivity of growing organs and longer life expectancy, make paediatric patients more susceptible to the harmful effects of radiation. In order to prevent harmful effects of ionising radiation, the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle should be adhered to. Although advancements in DR have the potential to reduce patient dose, lack of knowledge will result in the overexposure of paediatric patients. Radiographers must be prepared for the technological advancements in radiography and must be adequately trained. The outcome of radiography training programmes should be for radiographers to evolve within the profession and become problem-solvers within the departments. This study sought to answer the question: What is the level of knowledge and practice of radiographers regarding paediatric radiation doses and exposure indices in digital radiography?” The aim of this quantitative non-experimental, descriptive study was to explore and describe the knowledge and practice of radiographers regarding paediatric DR dose protocols in Gauteng. This study was guided by three objectives: (1) to assess the knowledge of radiographers regarding paediatric radiation dose protocols in DR, (2) to determine if this knowledge translates into safe radiation practice according to international guidelines and (3) to develop best practice DR protocols guidelines in minimising paediatric dose. A quantitative, descriptive research approach using a questionnaire with both open-ended and closed questions was utilised. Diagnostic radiographers in Gauteng, South Africa were included in this study. Sixty-five questionnaires were administered and 61 were returned, which is a 94% response rate. The study was conducted at six radiology departments in Gauteng, which comprised both private and public practices. The findings of this study indicate that the participants had knowledge of paediatric radiation dose protocols and exposure index (EI); however, there is a dire need for training protocols to be...
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How a street plays a Multi-Functional but Contradictory role in an Informal settlement, a case study of Khotso street, Extension 1 , Diepsloot

Reliability evaluation of an electric power distribution system : a case study in Gauteng Metropolitan Municipality

  • Authors: Choma, August M.
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Engineering - Management , Electric power distribution , Electric power systems
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/293822 , uj:31957
  • Description: M.Ing. (Engineering Management) , Abstract: The electrical power is a basic public service. The electrical power reliability is very essential since most of the infrastructures are dependent on it. Unplanned power outages may compromise the services such as transport, communications systems and emergency and the security services. Unplanned power outages are also inconvenient and very costly to both commercial and residential customers. As a result, the research study identify the factors that contribute to poor reliability of distribution networks and from the findings the alternative strategies are proposed and discussed. The study is intended to help electrical utilities such as municipalities to efficiently investigate the distribution network that is affected and apply the scheduled reliability development tactics to achieve the best performance. The literature review was carry out to review the existing body of the knowledge in relation to the root causes of unplanned power outages, overview of distribution reliability performance indices and the solutions that can be used to improve the performance of distribution system. A case study strategy was presented within one of the Gauteng Metropolitan Municipality with three year (2015-2017) historical power outage data of medium voltage feeders. It was found that most of these failures of medium voltage feeders under the case study take place due to equipment failures contributing high (total of 37 fault incidents in three years). Equipment failures presented a high risk, in particular the LV (Low voltage) transformer fault. Overhead line faults contributed to total of 29 fault incidents, 25 faults incidents for underground cable faults, 14 fault incidents for copper/cable theft, 12 fault incidents for electricity theft, 9 fault incidents for vandalism and 7 faults incident for extreme weather events. New factors such as motor vehicle accident, Feld fire and found no fault (unknowns) were discovered from the case study and not covered from the literature review. Metropolitan Municipality currently uses only expected reliability indices of each year to assess the distribution network performance. The research study presented the predictive reliability assessment strategy that can be used by managers and engineers of the municipality for predicting the distribution network problems of medium voltage feeders, which is by using the probability distribution of both SAIFI and SAIDI of each year.
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Managing changeover waste in manufacturing plants when using single minute exchange of dies

  • Authors: Madhav, Rushil
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Lean manufacturing , Production management , Industrial management , Process control
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213270 , uj:21127
  • Description: Abstract: The research aimed to determine how single minute exchange of dies (SMED) is implemented in practice when considering the critical success factors (CSFs) of lean. It also aimed to determine what effect these factors had on waste generated within changeover processes and the possible savings that could be generated when considering these factors during the implementation of SMED. Six case studies across two production lines were conducted in order to investigate the importance and the impact of considering the CSFs of lean when implementing SMED in an organization. It helped determine that the CSFs of lean form a part of SMED’s implementation process and its prerequisites. The consideration and presence of the CSFs are critical and the analysis conducted between the two production lines indicated that these factors influence the implementation process of SMED. These factors also have a direct impact on the waste and helped manage the levels of wastes, which in turn reduced the costs of changeovers. It provided practical guidelines that integrated the soft and technical areas to achieve a fully integrated management and manufacturing system that resulted in efficient changeover processes. The result ultimately provides organizations with the required flexibility to satisfy customers as changeovers can take place more frequently with better quality, reasonable delivery periods, affordable rates, smaller lot/batch sizes and lower inventory levels. , M.Ing. (Engineering Management)
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The enforceability of exclusive jurisdiction agreements in South Africa : a comparison with article 6 of the Hague convention on choice of court agreements

Shaping the normative and constitutional landscape of psychometric testing in the workplace in South Africa

The effect of surface-functionalized graphene oxide on PLA : towards orthopaedic applications

  • Authors: Raleie, Naledi
  • Date: 2015
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/54705 , uj:16249
  • Description: M.Sc.(Nanoscience) , Abstract: The high quality properties and benefits of graphene oxide (GO) have generated an active area of research where many investigations have shown potential applications in various technological fields. Graphene oxide was prepared by oxidizing purified natural graphite powder via modified Hummers method. Graphite oxide (GTO) was successfully exfoliated into graphene oxide. Preparation and characterization of biodegradable polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites based on the functionalized graphene oxide (F-GO) is outlined. The method used to functionalize graphene oxide with octadecylamine (ODA) is also reported. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis and functionalization of graphene oxide...
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Energy efficiency in smart homes based on demand side management

  • Authors: Hoosain, Mohamed Sameer
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Dwellings - Energy conservation , Home automation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/280434 , uj:30134
  • Description: Abstract: As when electricity was introduced at the turn of the 19th century, the smart home will take time to become the mainstream standard. Future smart homes will be outfitted with innovative advances for user comfort and entertainment. Intelligent systems will be accessible to guarantee this comfort and dependability. This technological development implies better energy management. Therefore, the smart home is a necessary part of future energy management and control. Residential energy efficiency is of concern at present and will remain so in the future. It is therefore crucial to determine ways to optimize homes and users’ conduct in terms of conservation of energy. Domestic use represents a large amount of this total electricity demand, as a typical home energy system utilises a basic form of energy efficiency and management. Homeowners constantly speak of environmental awareness, yet they still accept having to pay for their monthly energy expenditure, therefore adjusting their attitudes to energy saving will always be a challenge. A reduction in residential energy usage and improved energy efficiency of households will require smarter systems to monitor household electricity consumption constantly and provide real-time updates to the user. In this dissertation, the researcher investigates and discusses demand side management (DSM), demand response (DR) and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques in order to manage and minimize the daily electricity expenditure and improve the energy efficiency of future smart homes and concludes by comparing these results. Results showed pros and cons for each technique, but essentially, they led to the successful management and minimisation of daily electricity expenditure and improved the energy efficiency of domestic households. It can be concluded that by employing new and innovative techniques for delivering, conveying and overseeing energy usage in an effective way, a new way of thinking can be introduced in this era. Clearly, there are numerous open research issues in this area of research. To further justify the work done in this area of research, conference papers were presented and published; these are referenced within this dissertation. , M.Tech. (Electrical Engineering)
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Grade R learners’ listening skills in relation to their executive functions : a pilot study in two private Gauteng schools

  • Authors: Collins, Meghann
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Auditory perception in children
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/382460 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/270332 , uj:28733
  • Description: M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) , Abstract: In the classroom, children must be able to maintain their attention in order to listen to new information, hold this information in their working memory and be able to inhibit their impulse to shout out an answer by raising their hands and waiting their turn to ask or answer a question. This relies on a child’s listening skills as well as their Executive Functioning skills (EFs), both of which have been found to be predictors of academic achievement. The aim of this study was to examine how EFs contribute to listening comprehension skills in a sample of South-African Grade R learners from two low income private schools in Johannesburg. The hypothesis was that participants with better executive functioning skills will also have better listening comprehension skills. The participants in the study were a group of 46 Grade R participants from low-cost English private schools in Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. The outcome measure for this study was listening comprehension as measured by Gogo’s Dog, the Story Memory subtest, and the teacher ratings of child listening skills. The independent variable in this study was EFs assessed using the Adapted Missing Scan Task, a Behavioural EF Scale and a Classroom Engagement Scale. The qualitative data consisted of behavioural observations which were made during the assessments. Qualitative research methods were used to corroborate the quantitative results. The results of the quantitative and qualitative data suggest that children with better EF are also likely to demonstrate better listening comprehension skills. These findings highlight the need for our pre-school curriculum to not only focus on teaching Grade R learners to read and write, but to also incorporate activities into the curriculum that foster the development of EFs.
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Thermal impact of dolerite sills on the shale gas potential of Ecca Group mudstone in a drill core from the Central Main Karoo Basin

  • Authors: Adeniyi, Elijah Olusola
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Karoo Basin (South Africa) , Sills (Geology) - South Africa - Karoo Basin , Diabase - South Africa - Karoo Basin , Shale gas reservoirs - South Africa - Karoo Basin , Mudstone - South Africa - Karoo Basin , Ecca Group
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/235720 , uj:24111
  • Description: M.Sc. (Geology) , Abstract: The Main Karoo Basin of South Africa, especially the Whitehill Formation of the Ecca Group is estimated as possessing shale gas reserve potential of between 368bcm to 13734bcm on a wide land area of over 183 000 km2, thus placing South Africa as the 8th largest potential shale gas resource in the world. However, this reserve could be overestimated due to the poorly studied thermal impact of voluminous magmatic intrusions into the basin strata. Jurassic-aged Karoo Large Igneous Province (KLIP) emplaced a myriad network of dykes and sills that takes up 0.55 x 106 km2 of the basin and up to 30% of the total thickness. This could bring additional heat to the thermal evolution of the basin likely to create thermal over-maturation and/or disrupt the preservation of generated hydrocarbon of the Main Karoo Basin source rocks. Here organic-rich mudstones of the Ecca Group with mineralogical, mineral chemistry, organic geochemistry and Ar – Ar age dating proxies were analysed. Illite crystallinity and chlorite chemistry studies show thermal evolution controlled by diagenesis and regional metamorphism as well as local contact metamorphic overprints in the vicinity of dolerite sills. 13Corg and TOC vary in proximity to the dolerite intrusions. Rock-Eval pyrolysis data show that the organic matters are mainly Type III gas-prone kerogens of mature to post mature thermal maturity. The source rocks are mainly over-mature, having poor generation potential which could reflect the thermal overcooking/exhaustion, probably accompanied by gas migration, driven by the thermal impact of dolerite intrusions. The clay mineral ages also show full and partial recrystallized ages in the metamorphic aureoles of dolerite sills. Overall, the finding of this research reveals that the shale gas potential of the basin could be much lesser than originally estimated. Load metamorphism and dolerite intrusions influenced organic matter transformation in the basin. The impact on the thermal maturity and hydrocarbon generation of the basin’s organic matter is greater around multiple to closely spaced thermal aureoles of intrusions. These findings correlate with results from other boreholes studied in the Main Karoo Basin and provide a better understanding of the thermal evolution of the Ecca Group organic rich mudstones and its shale gas potential.
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The impact of compulsory savings on retirement planning in South Africa

  • Authors: Koffi, Fon Abraham
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Retirement income - Planning , Financial security - South Africa , Retirement - Economic aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292214 , uj:31752
  • Description: Abstract: Two of the hottest topics of recent times have been retirement and retirement planning. Medical advancements of the 21st century have contributed in different areas including a rise in the life expectancy of humans. However, with an increase in life expectancy comes the need to make provision for those golden years after a long working life, hence the need for retirement planning. Different forms of investment vehicles have been used in addressing this need. In most countries, the lens has been further zoomed in to pay attention to compulsory savings and ways in which it can be used to address the retirement shortfall. However, more concerns have been raised on the impact compulsory savings will have on voluntary savings, suggesting overall retirement savings will not increase should compulsory savings increase. This will only lead to reshuffling of retirement savings with more money going to compulsory savings and less money into voluntary savings. These are issues to be considered, but the ultimate goal is for retirees to be able at least to maintain their standard of living prior to retirement. It is in that regard that this study focuses on the impact of compulsory savings and retirement planning on life satisfaction. Structural equation modelling results revealed that retirement planning drove compulsory savings and life satisfaction. Although financial measures have always been used in capturing aspects of retirement success, financial success in itself is not the goal, but rather a contributing factor to quality of life after retirement. As a result, it is essential to look at other factors such as health and psychological aspects that may be introduced into retirement planning with the aim of bringing overall life satisfaction. , M.Com. (Business Management)
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Perceptions and experiences of intimate relationships held by middle-class women and men in Eldorado Park : a coloured perspective on intimacy

A critical appraisal of call centre contracts for insurance

Workplace spirituality and leadership

  • Authors: Van Wyk, Ronelle
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Leadership - Religious aspects , Religion in the workplace , Management - Religious aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/225960 , uj:22834
  • Description: M.Phil. , Abstract: Research has indicated that the phenomenon workplace spirituality has a positive impact on organisational reality through its positive effect on both management processes and leadership practices. It is in this context that the growing interest in workplace spirituality as a field of inquiry becomes clear and the importance of workplace spirituality is reflected. The rationale for this study emanated from the researcher’s desire to explore the experiences of a leader of spirituality in a specific workplace and to understand how scholarly works, specifically the PPL framework and research done by Labuschagne (2012), would accommodate these experiences. The purposefully selected sample comprised of a manager working for a period longer than three years within a specific workplace. She worked with people and managed a team of employees. The primary data collection method was interviews that elicited the life story of the participant. The data were coded and organised according to the research questions. From the analysis, eight themes emerged that resulted in four key findings. The findings revealed that (1) experiences of spirituality in the workplace require awareness of oneself; (2) workplace spirituality and spirituality experienced outside of the workplace should not be separated; (3) workplace spirituality can be experienced regardless of whether interventions or actions are created to make it spiritual; and (4) experiences of spirituality in the workplace can be created, yet there are factors that can hinder the experience of workplace spirituality. In the context of these findings, it was found that the PPL framework, as well as research done by Labuschagne (2012), can be used to illuminate the world of a manager in terms of experiences and views of workplace spirituality.
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