Molecular filtration of rubber derived fuel
- Authors: Pilusa, Jefrey , Muzenda, Edison , Shukla, Mukul
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Pyrolysis fuel , Waste-to-energy , Rubber derived fuel
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4965 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13066
- Description: The work presented in this article reviews the possible methods for removal of mercaptans from distilled rubber derived fuel. Distilled rubber derived fuel is a potential additive for diesel fuel; therefore reduction of sulphur compounds in this fuel is essential for application in compression ignition engines. Membrane filtration of distilled rubber fuel using 13-X molecular sieves has shown a significant reduction in sulphur content. It was observed that distilled rubber fuel can be effectively filtered via single pass to remove up to 53.67% of the fuel’s initial sulphur.
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Pyrolytic tyre derived fuel : potential diesel additive
- Authors: Pilusa, Jefrey , Muzenda, Edison
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Alternative fuel , Pyrolysis oil , Waste-to-energy , Waste tyre pyrolysis
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4940 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13040
- Description: Characteristics of distilled oil derived from slow pyrolysis of waste rubber were investigated in order to explore its application as diesel additive for application in compression ignition (CI) engines. Light oil fractions were obtained from batch distillation of crude rubber pyrolysis oil at 250oC. Physical properties such as calorific value, density, viscosity, flash point, water content, total contamination and sulphur were measured followed by functional group identification using a Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR). Distilled tyre oil exhibited near comparable properties to diesel fuel with low viscosity, flash point and high sulphur content. A number of functional groups were identified in distilled oil which were also found in commercial diesel. It was observed that distilled rubber oil that is filtered through 13X molecular sieves may be potentially used as an alternative diesel additive.
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Sewage sludge charcoal production by N2-and CO2-torrefaction
- Authors: Hernández, Ana Belén , Okonta, Felix , Ntuli, Freeman
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Waste-to-energy , Sewage sludge management , Thermal valorization
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246156 , uj:25512 , Citation: Hernández, A.B., Okonta, F. & Ntuli, F. 2017. Sewage sludge charcoal production by N2-and CO2-torrefaction.
- Description: Abstract: The production of sewage sludge charcoals under N2 and CO2 as torrefaction atmosphere and their subsequent combustion was compared in this work. The experiments were carried out in a Thermogravimetry-Infrared Spectrometry (TGA-FTIR) analyser and a laboratory scale furnace. High temperatures (230–480 °C) were considered in order to study the removal of N- and S-compounds, one of the main concerns for the thermal valorisation of sewage sludge. Torrefaction treatment at 330 °C under N2 produced a charcoal with a 34% reduction in weight. The release of SO2 during the combustion of this charcoal was negligible and the release of NH3 and COS was reduced by half (46% for NH3 and 5! 2.5% for COS) compared with the combustion of raw sewage sludge. The pollutant removal improved with torrefaction temperature and the charcoal produced at 480 °C released a negligible amount of NH3, COS and SO2 during combustion. The CO2 used as torrefaction atmosphere exhibited a reactive behaviour in the FTIR-TGA analyser, increasing the weight loss rate and shifting the characteristic degradation peak to a temperature around 7 °C lower. Besides, the charcoals produced under CO2 exhibited a less reactive behaviour. Overall, the results here presented prove that the CO2 influences slightly the torrefaction mechanisms and the properties of the sewage sludge charcoals produced.
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