Cervical spine manipulation versus proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation of the cervical spine in the treatment of mechanical neck pain
- Authors: Anderson, Brittany Chandré
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Stretch (Physiology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364875 , uj:12569 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12360
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Aim of this study was to compare which treatment either Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation or chiropractic manipulation, whether by itself or in combination, was more effective and beneficial in the treatment of mechanical neck pain. The effectiveness was measured by the use of a Visual Analogue Scale, Vernon- Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index questionnaire and the measurement of cervical spine range of motion using an analogous cervical spine range of motion inclinometer (CROM). The questionnaire and the measurements were taken prior to the treatments at the first, fourth and seventh consultations.Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly placed into three groups of equal size (10 participants each). Group one received a Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching protocol to the cervical spine. Group two received a chiropractic manipulation to the cervical spine. Group three received a combination treatment, first receiving chiropractic manipulation and then a PNF stretching protocol to the cervical spine. Participants were treated six times out of a total of seven sessions, over a maximum of a three week period.Subjective data was collected at the beginning of the first, fourth and seventh consultations. This was done by means of a Visual Analogue Scale and a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire, in order to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected by means of measuring cervical spine range of motion using a cervical range of motion (CROM) inclinometer. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician from STATKON, a department of the University of Johannesburg.Clinically significant improvements in group 1, group 2 and group 3 were noted over the duration of the study with reference to pain and disability. Statistically significant changes were seen in all three groups with reference to pain and disability. Group 3 was shown to improve the most with regard to pain and disability. Group 1 had statistically significant improvement with regard to cervical range of motion in the ranges of left and right rotation. Group 2 experienced a decrease range of cervical motion with regard to extension. As the study consisted of a small group of participants further, more extensive studies are needed...
- Full Text:
Comparative study using impulse iQ® adjusting instrument versus PNF stretching of upper Trapezius muscle in treatment of chronic neck pain
- Authors: De Sousa, Raquel Freitas
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Stretch (Physiology) , Trapezius muscle
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/457781 , uj:40634
- Description: Abstract: Background Purpose The primary aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of Impulse iQ® Adjusting Instrument Therapy compared to PNF stretching of the upper trapezius muscle in the treatment of chronic neck pain. Method A group of 30 participants between the ages of 18 and 50 years of age, were selected to partake in this study, all of which were needed to present with chronic neck pain (neck pain for a period of 3 months or more) as well as associated active Myofascial trigger points TrP 1 or TrP 2 of the upper trapezius muscle either unilateral or bilateral. The participants were randomly allocated into two groups of 15 participants respectively. The first group was treated with Impulse iQ® Adjusting Instrument (IAI) Therapy on either TrP 1 and TrP 2 of upper trapezius muscle and the second group was treated with PNF stretching of either TrP 1 and TrP 2 of upper trapezius muscle. Each participant received 2 treatments per week during the 3 week trial period. The subjective and objective data collection was taken at the start of the trial, during the 4th visit and 7th visit. On the 7th visit only data collection was done, there were no treatments administered. The subjective measurements were performed by utilising a Numerical Rating Scale (NRS-11) to measure perceived pain. The objective measurements were performed by pressure algometer to measure pain pressure threshold (PPT) and by a easyangle goniometer to measure cervical range of motion (ROM). All the data was collected and interpreted by the researcher and the data was analysed by an assigned statistician from STATKON. Results Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests including the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality. The Friedman and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were performed for intragroup analysis and the Mann- Whitney U test was performed for intergroup analysis. The statistical vi analysis showed a statistically significant difference for the intragroup analysis and no statistical significance for the intergroup analysis. Hence, no treatment protocol proved to be more superior to the other. Conclusion This study showed that both IAI and PNF stretching treatments were effective in treating chronic neck pain. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
The effect of muscle energy technique versus chiropractic adjustive therapy in the treatment of chronic low back pain with lower cross syndrome
- Authors: Esakowitz, Adam Farrell
- Date: 2014-10-09
- Subjects: Backache - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Stretch (Physiology) , Lower crossed syndrome
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12574 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12365
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , This study aims to determine whether muscle energy technique of the psoas muscle can be used as an effective treatment for low back pain with lower crossed syndrome or whether it is better to be used alone or in conjunction with spinal adjustments with regards to pain and disability, lumbar range of motion and degree of lumbar lordosis. Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to one of three different groups of ten participants each. Group 1 had muscle energy technique performed on the psoas muscle of each participant. Group 2 received spinal adjustment/s over the restricted joint/s in the lumbar spine. Group 3 received spinal adjustment/s over the restricted joint/s in the lumbar spine in conjunction with muscle energy technique on the psoas muscle. All participants were assessed over a four week period. All groups attended six treatment sessions over three weeks of which muscle energy technique and/or spinal manipulation was performed. In the fourth week only measurements were taken and no treatment was administered.Subjective data was collected at the first and fourth consultations prior to treatment, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire to assess pain and disability. Objective data was collected at the first and fourth consultations prior to treatment, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a digital inclinometer for assessing active lumbar range of motion and a flexible ruler for measuring the degree of lumbar lordosis. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician.Statistically significant improvements were seen in Groups 1, 2 and 3 over the duration of the study with regards to pain, disability and lumbar range of motion as well as degree of lumbar lordosis. The data gathered in this study showed statistically significant changes in Groups 1, 2, 3 with regards to lumbar range of motion, lumbar lordosis, pain and disability, with Group 3 showing the most statistically significant changes with regard to pain and disability...
- Full Text:
Cervical spine manipulation and muscle energy technique in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial pain
- Authors: Ferreira, Vicki
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Myofascial pain syndromes - Chiropractic treatment , Stretch (Physiology) , Spinal adjustment , Trapezius muscle
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/231366 , uj:23571
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Abstract: Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of muscle energy technique (MET) to chiropractic manipulations and a combination thereof with regards to pain, disability and range of motion of the cervical spine in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial and associated neck pain. This was done by comparing MET, chiropractic manipulation and combination treatment groups. Short term and long term effects were measured to determine an appropriate treatment protocol for upper trapezius and associated neck pain. Method: Forty five (45) participants, between the ages of 18 and 55, with non-specific neck and muscle pain were invited to participate in the study. Once the cervical spine examination was performed and all the inclusion criteria were met with none of the exclusion criteria present, they were included in the study and randomly allocated into 3 groups. Group A received a chiropractic manipulation to the cervical spine, Group B received MET to the upper trapezius muscle and Group C received a combination treatment. Each participant was treated a total of six times over a two week period. The seventh visit served the purpose of obtaining the final measurements. The data was always collected before the treatment was administered. The objective data consisted of measuring the range of motion of the cervical spine with a CROM instrument as well as measuring the pain pressure threshold with a pressure algometer. The subjective data was collected using the Vernon-Mior neck pain and disability index. The objective data was gathered on the first, fourth and seventh visits and the subjective data on the first and seventh visits. Results: The results were interpreted by STATKON at the University of Johannesburg. All three groups improved significantly in the subjective and objective measurements over the two week trial period with regards to pain, disability and cervical range of motion. This indicated that all three treatment interventions were effective in the treatment of upper trapezius myofascial pain. These results also indicated that Group C (combination treatment of MET and chiropractic manipulation) was statistically superior to Group A (chiropractic manipulation) and Group B (MET) when cervical range of motion was considered as a whole. There was no statistical superiority between the three treatment groups with regards to pain pressure threshold values obtained, even though Group B reported a greater improvement over time. With regards to the subjective measurements, all three groups were equally effective in reducing the patient’s perceived pain and disability. Conclusion: The results of this study show that chiropractic manipulation, MET and a combination of chiropractic manipulation and MET are effective treatments in reducing pain and disability and have the ability to restore proper mechanical function by increasing cervical spine range of motion. There was no treatment protocol that was proven to be more effective than the other. Since a combination treatment of...
- Full Text:
A comparison of cervical and thoracic manipulation, Kinesio™ abdominal core taping and the combination of the two in the management of upper cross syndrome
- Authors: Mocke, Rebecca Clare Frazer
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Cervical syndrome - Chiropractic treatment , Spinal adjustment , Stretch (Physiology)
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/401834 , uj:33601
- Description: Abstract : Upper cross syndrome is a condition seen frequently due to poor ergonomics. This syndrome usually results from prolonged periods of poor posture and repetitive behaviours (such as flexion of the cervical spine whilst looking at digital screen devices, reading and long periods seated at a desk) and in the older generation due to degeneration of the joints in the neck and upper back. Muscle imbalances occur in groups of muscles that are weak (rhomboids, serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius and deep neck flexors) and muscles that are tight (upper trapezius, pectoralis major and levator scapulae). The imbalances in the upper back and neck that develops, causes stress and strain on the neck and upper back facet joints resulting in pain. This pain can persist, becoming chronic and as a result become an impairment in daily life. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cervical and thoracic manipulations, Kinesioä abdominal core taping and the combination of the two in the management of upper cross syndrome. The benefits of this study could determine whether chiropractic manipulations of the cervical and thoracic spine, Kinesioä abdominal core taping or a combination of the two treatments is more effective in the management of upper cross syndrome. This study could provide more concise knowledge on the effectiveness of abdominal core taping for the proprioceptive activation of the core and the alteration of posture due to the biomechanical chain links. This study could provide a better treatment protocol for patients suffering from upper cross syndrome and could be expanded to treat patients with lower cross syndrome. Method: A selection of 30 participants (male or female) all presenting with upper cross syndrome between the ages of 18 and 60 years old were recruited. Participants that were willing to partake in this study and that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomly allocated into one of the three groups of ten participants each. Group one to group three were allocated to the patients by randomly drawing either a 1, 2 or 3 from a box. There were ten slips with 1, ten with 2 and ten with 3 written on. Drawing 1, 2 or 3 represented which group the participant had been allocated to. Group one received Chiropractic manipulations to the cervical and thoracic spine. Group two received Kinesioä taping of the abdominal core muscles and group three received a combined treatment of manipulations and Kinesioä abdominal core muscles taping. vi Procedure: The study consisted of six chiropractic treatment sessions with additional seventh follow-up consultation in which only data was collected. All the participants were treated twice a week for a three week trial period. Subjective and objective data was collected at the first, fourth and seventh consultations. Subjective data was collected via the pain visual analogue scale and the numerical pain rating scale and the Northwick Park Pain Questionnaire. Objective data was collected via cervical range of motion device and plumb line readings. The method of treatment was administered to each participant as allocated by his or her random group allocation. Results: This study showed that spinal manipulative therapy and the use of Kinesoä tape on the abdominal core, used individually or as a combination, had an effect on all three treatment groups. Group two showed the greatest improvement in the subjective data with a decrease in the pain visual analogue scale and the numerical pain rating scale by 35.42% and a decrease of 30% for the Northwick Park Pain Questionnaire. Group three showed the most improvement in objective data of cervical spine range of motion, however cannot be considered a clinically significant improvement. In the plumb line readings all three groups improved. However there were areas of unequal improvement between the groups. None of the three research groups showed a clear distinction of greater improvement of the plumb line readings versus another group. Conclusion: When looking at the overall improvement of the participants throughout this study there was no clear distinction in which treatment protocol was more superior to the others as the rates of statistical significance was low. From the statistical analysis it is seen that any of the three treatments protocols could be a beneficial treatment protocol in the management of upper cross syndrome as all three treatment protocols can be considered equal in this study. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
Static stretching versus proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation post cervical spine adjustment for chronic posterior mechanical neck pain
- Authors: Packett, Brent N.
- Date: 2013-04-17
- Subjects: Spinal adjustment , Neck pain - Chiropractic treatment , Stretch (Physiology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7458 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8318
- Description: M.Tech. (Chiropractic) , Purpose: The aim of this comparative study was to compare the effects of spinal adjustment with static passive stretch to the cervical spine, and spinal adjustment with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation to the cervical spine in the treatment of chronic posterior neck pain with regards to pain, disability and cervical spine range of motion. These effects were based on a questionnaire consisting of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale, a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Index Questionnaire, and on cervical spine ROM readings taken using an analogous cervical spine ROM inclinometer. The questionnaire was completed and the ROM readings taken prior to treatment at the first, fourth and seventh consultation. Method: Thirty participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly diversified in number and gender between two groups of equal size (15 participants each). Group one received spinal adjustment/s to restricted cervical spine joints followed by static passive stretching. The second group received spinal adjustment/s to restricted cervical spine joints followed by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Participants were treated six times out of a total of seven sessions, over a maximum three week period. Procedure: Subjective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth consultations, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) and a Vernon-Mior Neck Pain and Disability Questionnaire in order to assess pain and disability levels. Objective data was collected at the beginning of the first and fourth session, as well as on the seventh consultation by means of a cervical spine range of motion inclinometer in order to assess cervical spine range of motion. Analysis of collected data was performed by a statistician. Results: Clinically significant improvements in group 1 and group 2 were noted over the duration of the study with reference to pain, disability, and cervical spine range of motion. Statistically significant changes were noted in group 1 and group 2 with reference to pain, disability, and cervical spine range of motion over time except for cervical spine extension range of motion.
- Full Text:
The effect of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation in conjunction with muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles in the treatment of tension-type headaches
- Authors: Seejarim, Tanita
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Headache - Chiropractic treatment , Stretch (Physiology) , Spinal adjustment
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124391 , uj:20910
- Description: Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of cervical spine chiropractic manipulation and muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles in relieving tension-type headaches. This study was also used to determine which treatment protocol would be most effective in relieving tension-type headaches, cervical spine chiropractic manipulation, muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles or a combination of both treatment protocols. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized clinical study was used in this research study. SETTING: University of Johannesburg, Chiropractic Day Clinic, Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS: A total of thirty participants were used, male and female, between the ages of 18-50. The participants were divided into three groups, with each group consisting of ten participants. Group 1 received cervical spine manipulations; Group 2 received muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles and Group 3 a combination of cervical spine manipulation and muscle energy technique of the suboccipital muscles. METHODS: Prior to becoming a participant, each individual was assessed according to an inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thereafter participants had to read and sign relevant information and consent forms. A full case history, physical examination and cervical spine regional examination was then completed. PROCEDURE: Subjective data was collected from the participants using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale and the Headache Impact Questionnaire. Objective data was collected from the participants by using the Cervical Range of Motion Device and Pressure Algometer. Objective and subjective data was collected prior to the 1st and 4th treatment consultations and at the 7th final consultation. Each participant was treated six times, over a three-week period depending on the group they fell into. An additional 7th consultation was done to obtain objective and subjective data... , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text:
The immediate effect of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy on the x-factor stretch of elite amateur golfers
- Authors: Templeton, Marc Sean
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Chiropractic , Spinal adjustment , Stretch (Physiology) , Golfers - Health and hygiene
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/382796 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/91390 , uj:20100
- Description: Abstract: The golf swing is a complex set of movements that requires the activation of multiple muscles to ensure the correct sequence is followed. The aim of the study was to see the immediate effect of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy on the x-factor stretch of elite amateur golfers. Fifty participants were used in the study and randomly allocated into two groups, a control and treatment group. The participants in the treatment group were assessed on the 3D motion tracking software before and after manipulation. The results showed that there was no significant change (p = 0.353) to the x-factor stretch after manipulation for group A (treatment group). However, there were some significant changes that were noted during the study. There was a significant change (p = 0.016) to the hip angle after manipulation as well as a significant change (p = 0.041) to the x-factor after manipulation, although, the change in x-factor was a decrease in the value of the x-factor after manipulation. Although there were some changes noted to the variables that were measured, no clinical correlation could be noted. Therefore, it cannot be safely assumed that chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy has an effect on the x-factor stretch of elite amateur golfers. , M.Tech. (Chiropractic)
- Full Text: