Leveraging Transit Oriented Development (TOD) through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) : South Africa
- Authors: Ndebele, Robert
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Transit-oriented development - South Africa , Public-private sector cooperation - South Africa , Transportation - South Africa , Project management - South Africa - Finance , Public-private sector cooperation
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/293917 , uj:31969
- Description: Abstract: The recent interest seen in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) in South Africa reflects the country’s changing policy landscape and bears testimony to the concerted efforts by decision makers to address the spatial legacy of apartheid. The purpose of this study was to deliberate on the current TOD practices in South Africa and identify trends in policy trajectories with regards to the implementation thereof through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). As with TODs, PPPs have also been subject to a great deal of attention in the academic and professional circles in the country. Using a mixed-methods methodology (with an overall descriptive and exploratory research design), this study sought to understand the perceived benefits and future prospects of these partnerships in TOD projects specifically in South Africa. Perceptions of several transport infrastructure PPP experts were ascertained by means of a questionnaire survey and semi structured telephonic interviews. The research findings highlight a range of both divergent and common views amongst the experts that participated in the empirical enquiry. Uncertainties in the readiness of TOD implementing departments and agencies to fully commit to PPPs were established. A general lack of understanding of the inherent challenges of TOD implementation against the backdrop of local based contextual dynamics was also cited as a potential reason for the rather gloomy picture of PPP based TOD projects. Similarly, consensus on the complex PPP legislative framework and lengthy processes for prefeasibility studies were apparent throughout. Comprehensive financial planning, transcending the theoretical boundaries towards a shift in both praxis and in attitudes, as well as capacity building among implementers were identified as some of the departure points for charting a sustainable path for PPP based TOD projects. This study provides the main foundations upon which further deliberations on the appropriate PPP models for TODs can emanate, keeping in mind the unique discourses and policy objectives of TODs in South Africa. , M.Tech. (Construction Management)
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Public-private partnership infrastructure projects in developing nations : lessons for the Nigerian construction industry
- Authors: Ogunsanya, Oluwabukunmi Ayopa , Aigbavboa, Clinton Ohis , Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Public-private sector cooperation , Construction industry - Nigeria
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/216983 , uj:21582 , Citation: Ogunsanya, O.A., Aigbavboa, C.O & Thwala, W.D. 2016. Public-private partnership infrastructure projects in developing nations : lessons for the Nigerian cons.
- Description: Abstract: That the need for Infrastructure in developing nations and particularly Africa has reached a critical point cannot be over-emphasized if the social and economic development needed by the teaming population must be met. Research has suggested some project delivery schemes/ procurement systems for achieving the task. Fall in global oil prices, fluctuating interest and inflations rates, with depletion in government revenues amongst others have made the traditional procurement systems unsustainable for most governments. Hence, the need for alternative sources to be sought. In the past three decades, Public Private Partnership and its variants have been adopted by governments both in the developed and developing nations as means for infrastructure delivery. The experience in some countries is rather nascent when compared to the years of engagement and extent of use of this model. The study uses an exploratory literature review methodology to evaluate the experience of the Nigerian Construction Industry and compare with the experience of some developing nations. This is with the aim of unpacking lessons from the failures or successes of these nations that can strength the current position of the country in its preparedness in using the model or otherwise. The study concludes by outlining some key lessons from other nations either directly or through World Bank Reports. This study provides industry practitioners and policy makers in the country an assessment guide to evaluating its position and working practices in the light of other developing nations.
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Systematic risk management and strategic control in public private partnerships
- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2014-05-29
- Subjects: Risk management , Public-private sector cooperation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10826
- Description: D.Litt et Phil. (Public Management and Governance) , Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are contractual arrangements between the public and private sector, which are generally long-term in nature. If correctly implemented PPPs can mobilise socio-economic goals. The implementation of PPPs is to permit the delivery of continued, lucrative public organisation or services, by mobilising private sector proficiency and conveying a substantial amount of risk to the private sector, towards value for money. The incentive of the research is centred on the guiding principles of PPPs and the challenge of risk-sharing. The aim of this study is to encourage the systematic management and strategic control of PPPs in South Africa. In doing so, this study aims to determine how the PPP model can be improved to necessitate effective risk management in PPPs, and to provide for improved strategic control. The study supplies recommendations for improved practice, in both the public and private sectors, through strategic planning and shared apparata in PPP arrangements. Furthermore, the study suggests guidelines for effective risk sharing and management in PPPs, through integrated systems management. Integrated systems management proposes that the strategy, structures, systems and culture of PPPs are entrenched in organisational settings, in both the private and public sector, as well as in the PPP arrangement, to encourage capacity development and more developed institutions in South Africa. Effective risk management in PPPs necessitates the anticipation of risks; sufficient planning to address these risks and achieve project objectives; and, lastly, the entrenching of risk management within the organisation and project structures. The study commences with an overview of the development of public management and conceptual approaches of governance, providing a contextual synthesis of past and current theoretical perspectives. The study conceptualises the theoretical standpoints relevant to PPPs and the labelling of peripheral approaches. The research provides a synopsis of the role and functions of PPPs, international best practices in PPPs, and the nature of risk management in PPPs. This affords a foundation for investigating the trials and issues associated with PPPs and the challenges experienced in managing risks in PPPs. This is augmented with a systematic breakdown of the research design and methodology, to structure the research. In addition, a preliminary quantitative survey assessment is conducted, in order to derive preliminary findings for the primary analysis in the research.
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Public-private partnerships' contribution to quality healthcare : a case study of South Africa after 1994
- Authors: Jokozela, Mongi James
- Date: 2012-10-09
- Subjects: Health facilities , Public-private sector cooperation , Public health , Medical care , Medical economics
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:10388 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7828
- Description: M.Comm. , PPPs have developed out of a realisation by governments that in order to improve health systems efficiency there is a need to involve the private sector. Governments throughout the world have opted for PPPs to deliver public services, share risks and attain common goals. While the idea of PPPs is not new, it nonetheless has grown in application in recent years especially in developing countries such as South Africa. The neo-liberal GEAR macro-economic policy, that seeked to reduce government spending and to accelerate investment, catalysed the formation of PPPs in South Africa after 1996. The South African health system is a two-tier system consisting of the public sector and private sector. The public health sector is under resourced in terms of health personnel, health resources and funding compared to private healthcare. As a consequence, public health outcomes in South Africa are poor relative to its funding and have deteriorated since 1996, reportedly mainly due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. On the contrary, private healthcare outcomes are amongst the best in the world. As a result, the demand for private healthcare is higher than that of public healthcare, because it is better resourced and offers better quality care. The research investigates the contribution of PPPs to access quality healthcare in South Africa. The study follows the policy, financial and governance approach to review health PPPs. It suggests that the 7 implemented health PPPs contributed directly and indirectly to improved access to quality healthcare. It recommends the implementation of health PPPs particularly at local government level, to improve access to quality healthcare.
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Public private partnerships - risk management in engineering infrastructure projects
- Authors: Devan, D. V. G
- Date: 2012-09-10
- Subjects: Public-private sector cooperation , Project management , Engineering - Risk assessment , Risk management
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:9832 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7236
- Description: M.Phil. , Economic growth and the provision of adequate infrastructure are highly interrelated. Infrastructure- plays a critical role in promoting economic growth through enhancing productivity, improving competitiveness, reducing poverty, linking people and organisations together through telecommunications and contributing to environmental sustainability. Population growth and rapid urbanisation have placed enormous pressure on existing infrastructure, thus presenting a daunting challenge to governments worldwide The scope of global demographic, public health and safety needs, as well as economic development goals, translates into infrastructure requirements far in excess of currently available financing resources. While the degree of this funding backlog differs from country to country, it extends from the poorest to the richest of nations. This is true even in the United States, which enjoys the full benefits of decentralized government responsibility and an extensive domestic debt market. Recognition of this funding gap has resulted in a nearly universal acceptance that the private sector can and should play a larger role in the financing of infrastructure in partnership with the public sector [35]. The 1990s saw a revolution in the provision of infrastructure services as governments worldwide turned to the private sector for financing and management expertise. In developing countries in 1990 —2001, nearly 2,500 infrastructure projects involved private participation, attracting investment commitments of US750 billion [40]. South Africa has an estimated infrastructure backlog of R 170.7 billion [3]. In addition there is increasing demand for much-needed new and improved infrastructure such as water supply and sanitation systems, affordable housing and electricity supply, health care facilities, schools, roads, tourism infrastructure, airports and harbour facilities, to name but a few [4]. With the private sector organisations having a large pool of sources from which they can seek funding from both local and international financial markets and the government having fragmented expertise over different state departments, debilitating red tape and bureaucracy, more pressing needs for funding elsewhere and inability to roll out projects, private sector involvement in infrastructure provision has been widely considered and implemented as a preferred method of financing infrastructure provision. This collaboration between public and private sectors is crucial in order to increase the sources of funding available for infrastructure and reduce the pressure on fiscal budgets. This has resulted in an increased collaboration between the public and private sectors in order to meet a country's infrastructure requirements. Consequently, the Public Private Partnership (PPP) procurement method of undertaking large infrastructure projects
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Sustainability of midwifery practice within the South African healthcare system
- Authors: Dippenaar, Johanna Maria
- Date: 2012-09-04
- Subjects: Midwifery , Medical care , Public-private sector cooperation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:3497 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6887
- Description: M.Cur. , The study on ‘Sustainability of midwifery practice within the South African healthcare system’ is stimulated by the lack of research that influences policy to support midwifery practice in South Africa. The poor database and health information systems for midwives result in the poor performance of maternal healthcare in the public sector (Parkhurst, Penn- Kekana, Blaauw, Balabanova, Danishevski, Rahman, Onama, & Ssengooba 2005) in spite of meeting the Safe Motherhood Initiative of the World Health Organisation’s criteria for skilled attendance and facilities (Penn-Kekana & Blaauw 2004). Generally, midwives remain the main provider of maternal healthcare, including South Africa, where only 3 in 10 women in the public sector see a medical doctor once in pregnancy (South African Demographic Health Survey 1998). The norms and standards recommended by the Saving Mothers Reports 1998 – 2006 for staffing and resources to improve outcomes of maternal deaths have not realised. The public sector needs help from the private sector for improved care. The Nursing Strategy for South Africa 2008 endorses Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) to support nursing and midwifery. There is no Public- Private Partnership in South Africa to support or sustain midwifery practice. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for a Public-Private Partnership for midwifery practice sustainability in the South African healthcare system. This study follows adapted explorative, descriptive, model generating research guidelines of Chinn and Jacobs (1983 & 1987), Chinn and Kramer (1991 to 2008) and Walker and Avant (1995). Analysis of the South African maternal healthcare context uses the open-system theory for sustainability of Olsen and a team of researchers (1998) and several frameworks for healthcare human resources. The main concepts of the model are identified and analysed. The main concepts are Public-Private Partnership, midwifery practice, sustainability and the related concepts are governance, task environment and quality service. The model for a Public-Private Partnership is synthesised through the relation of concepts. The 45 statements of the context empirically ground the study. The model depicts the South African healthcare context and all the factors that impact on midwifery and its context. The model and its functions are explained within a constituted framework. The Global standards for practice of the International Council for Nursing and Midwifery, the definition and core competencies of midwives of the Confederation of Midwives, the Millennium Development Goals for Sub-Sahara Africa 2020 and the newly formed World Health Organisation Partnership for Africa for maternal, newborn and child care 2008 are factors of the global (macro) context that influence the model. The South African healthcare system (meso context) factors include economics, legal-ethical, professional, service delivery and civil society dimensions that impact on policy for service delivery on micro level, where the PPP formally exists. The PPP for maternal healthcare is developed within this framework. The stakeholders of the formal PPP are the public sector, the private sector, the midwifery profession and civil society. The PPP governs the task environment for midwifery through the risk assessment strategies that include financial risk based on clinical risk and the development of norms and standards for staff and resources as expressed in service level agreements for quality service delivery. Governance implies policy standards and the accountability of the PPP to the consumer for service delivery quality and performance. The stakeholders of the PPP ensure sustainability in this model through collaboration and shared responsibility, risk and decision-making between the institution, midwifery profession and practice and civil society for a balance of interest.
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An exploratory study of social enterprise capacity at the Grinacker Development Centre, in Thokoza
- Authors: Somnath, Sandra
- Date: 2012-08-01
- Subjects: Nonprofit organizations , Grinacker Development Centre (Thokoza, South Africa) , Occupational training , Community development , Public-private sector cooperation
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:8913 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5384
- Description: M.A. , Social enterprises are unique in that they serve as potential answers to the socio-economic challenges faced by South Africa. There is growing support for social enterprises, which are viewed as relatively new phenomena in the country. However, social enterprises have existed in varied forms for some time, in the structures of non-governmental organizations of a profit or non-profit-making type. The added benefit of social enterprises is that of skills development or capacity building, of both the enterprise membership and the community members. Thus the public-private partnership between government and social enterprises is of utmost importance in addressing the socio-economic challenges faced by the poverty stricken majority in the country. This study explored the capacity of social enterprises based at the Grinacker Development Centre in Thokoza, one of eight similar centres under the custodianship of the Health and Social Development Department in the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, east of Gauteng. The motivation for the study arose out of the student’s experience of social enterprises in the work environment. These social enterprises continued to be dependent on government funding despite an expectation that they should be a key role-player in job creation. The literature review in this study focused on the significance of social enterprises within the theoretical framework of social development, community work and community development, including community economic development and the community education models. The concepts of self help and the asset based (strengths) approach were also highlighted. A qualitative study approach was adopted to understand the situation from the perspective of the participants. The study design was both exploratory and descriptive as the intentions of the objectives were to describe capacity building programmes that the selected social enterprises were exposed to from 2007 to 2010; to establish the strengths of the participants and observe the assets found within the social enterprises, to identify challenges experienced by the social enterprises towards the achievement of organizational and economic sustainability and to formulate conclusions and recommendations designed to contribute to the promotion of sustainable social enterprises. Subsequent to a pilot study, eleven members from seven social enterprises from the Grinacker Development Centre at Thokoza participated in this study from the original fourteen selected, based on non-probability sampling criteria. A guided interview approach was followed and the study was completed between late August and early September 2011. The main findings of the results were: Training is not planned, structured nor consistent. Most of the training that is conducted is based on the needs of the organizer or training provider of the training. Training is seldom requested and arranged by the potential trainees. Language consideration for the purpose of understanding does occur in many cases (50 % in the study undertaken). Assessment of the trainees needs prior to and subsequent to the training takes place infrequently. After-care support and mentorship was rarely provided either by the training providers or funders although it was seen as valuable in the form of monitoring and evaluation. Although training manuals were provided in most training it was hardly used as a reference. Practical suggestions were made by the participants in terms of the training process, content and training providers based on their experience.
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