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Relating job satisfaction and organisational commitment : the moderating and mediating roles of positive individual strengths

  • Authors: Masale, Refilwe , Barkhuizen, Emmerentia N. , Schutte, Nico E. , Van der Sluis, Lidewey
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Adult state hope , Job satisfaction , Locus of control
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/494191 , uj:44797 , Citation: Masale, R., Barkhuizen, E.N., Schutte, N.E. & Van der Sluis, L. 2021. Relating job satisfaction and organisational commitment : the moderating and mediating roles of positive individual strengths.
  • Description: Abstract: Orientation: This rapidly changing world requires local government institutions to focus on positive work-related states to enhance quality service delivery. Research purpose: The main objective of this article was to explore how individual traits and psychological strengths (i.e. adult state hope, meaning in life and work locus of control) moderate or mediate the relationship between job satisfaction and organisational commitment in a Botswana local government institution. Motivation for the study: The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced employers to rely on the foundations of positive organisational psychology to navigate employee well-being more effectively during times of unprecedented crisis. Research approach/design and method: A quantitative research approach was followed. An adapted Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire, organisational commitment questionnaire, adult state hope scale, meaning in life questionnaire and work locus of control scale were distributed to public sector officials of a Botswana local government institution (N = 405). Main findings: Adult state hope, meaning in life and work locus of control partially mediated the relationship between job satisfaction and organisational commitment. Practical/managerial implications: Management should create a workplace culture that can promote job satisfaction amongst public officials. Job satisfaction influences essential individual and outcomes organisational in public sector institutions. Contribution/value-add: This research is original and provides evidence for the use of positive psychology constructs (i.e. adult state hope, meaning in life and work locus of control) combined with job satisfaction to enhance organisational commitment.
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Job resources as moderators of the relationship between job demands and well-being

  • Authors: Claassens, Hilana
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Employees - Mental health , Well-being , Quality of work life , Anxiety , Depression, Mental , Locus of control , Burn out (Psychology)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/282937 , uj:30498
  • Description: Abstract: Depression and anxiety are considered two of the most common mental health issues in the workplace. Mental ill health is felt widely by the employee, employer and the economy and therefore the promotion of mental health is crucial. Two personality factors, namely sense of coherence and locus of control seem to improve mental health. The theoretical framework of this study was based on the Job-Demands Resources Model, however, instead of job demands and resources, personal demands and resources, were added and operationalised. Depresssion and anxiety were operationalised as personal demands, and sense of coherence and locus of control as personal resources. The aim of this study was to determine significant relationships among the study variables (depression, anxiety, locus of control, sense of coherence, work engagement and burnout). The second aim was to establish whether locus of control and sense of coherence (personal resources) played a moderating role in the relationship between anxiety and depression (personal demands) on the one hand, and work engagement and burnout (organisational health outcomes) on the other. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was utilised and data was obtained from accessible adults in various workplaces and industries across South Africa (N=346). The findings showed that there are significant main effects for locus of control on work engagement and burnout, and sense of coherence on work engagement and burnout. Direct effects were also found for anxiety and depression, who both had significant direct effects on work engagement and burnout. The results however indicated that neither locus of control, nor sense of coherence acted as a moderator between depression and work engagement, depression and burnout, anxiety and work engagement, or between anxiety and burnout. , M.Com. (Industrial Psychology)
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Self-efficacy as mediating factor in the stress response

  • Authors: Caldeira, Fatima
  • Date: 2012-02-06
  • Subjects: Self-efficacy , Stress (Psychology) , Locus of control , Type A behavior , Adjustment (Psychology)
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:2015 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4368
  • Description: M.A. , Over the years it has become clear that self-efficacy beliefs play a significant role in various domains of human functioning. According to Bandura (1986) individuals possess a self-system that enables them to exercise a measure of control over their thoughts, feelings and actions. This implies that the construct of self-efficacy has a pervasive influence on human functioning as it is seen to influence the way in which people feel, think and act. The literature has also shown that the physiological dimension of the self also stands to be affected by efficacy beliefs. One of the goal's of this research was to investigate the role of self-effiCacy as a mediating factor in the stress response, and how the various facets of self are affected by and affect an individual's perception of and response to a stressful situation. The stressful condition refers to the semester tests and how the students predicted their academic perfonnance under these conditions of stress. The design of the study was quantitative, and the sample comprised of 49 undergraduate psychology students. They completed a series of questionnaires a week before the first condition of stress, and their blood pressure was also measured at this time. Their blood pressure was also measured pretest and posttest at both conditions of stress. By means of a cluster analysis the group was divided into two homogeneous groups (high self-efficacy group, N=27) and (a low self-efficacy group, N=22) and this was followed by a detailed statistical analysis. The results revealed that the high self-efficacy group showed a bigger decline in diastolic and systolic blood pressure than the low self-efficacy group once the stressful condition had passed. Therefore the high self-efficacy group made a quicker physical recovery than the low self-efficacy group. It thus appears that the stress response of the more efficacious group may have been mediated by their beliefs of coping efficacy. Furthennore, the high self-efficacy group was more accurate in predicting their academic perfonnance than the low self-efficacy group. Even though the more efficacious group did not perfonn as well as the less efficacious group, they showed more optimism, and their prediction suggests that they are able to realistically appraise what they are capable of, since the test result was similar to what they had predicted. This ability to predict perfonnance is vital, as a major function of thought is to predict events and to exercise control over these events. This sense of control can be regarded as a self-confident view of an individual's capability to deal with certain life stressors (Schwarzer, 1997). Even though this study has highlighted some interesting trends relating to selfefficacy and the stress response, further research is needed to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this dynamic relationship.
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Locus of control and social variables as they relate to depression at abortion

  • Authors: Henwick, Athol Frederick
  • Date: 2012-01-24
  • Subjects: Locus of control , Abortion , Depression in women
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:1931 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4291
  • Description: M.A. , Since its legalisation in this country, abortion has become a controversial subject in religious, social and judicial circles. However, little is known about the relationship between depression and the possible side effects that may be produced by the procedure. Indeed, the possible impact of social variables and personality traits have been receiving more attention in recent research in an effort to identify those at risk for negative symptoms. This study was carried out on a group of 42 women from the Soweto and Jeppe Street Marie Stopes clinics. The women were assesse·d according to locus of control, depression and certain psychosocial variables. As expected, the overall levels of depression among these women, who largely represent the underprivileged segment of the community, were very high. Although no significant relationship could be established between locus of control and depression following abortion, certain social variables were identified as possible risk factors for de.ffipession after having an abortion.
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The relationship between individualism/collectivism, locus of control and sense of coherence

  • Authors: Bayne, Gregory
  • Date: 2011-02-28T06:19:16Z
  • Subjects: Social change , Stress (Psychology) , Personality and culture , Locus of control , Adjustment (Psychology) , Individualism , Coherence (Psychology)
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:7036 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3558
  • Description: M.A. , The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between Locus of Control, Individualism/Collectivism and Sense of Coherence between two groups of participants by using three measures. The study will also investigate the significance of the relationship between Locus of Control and the Individualism/Collectivism, and between Sense of Coherence and Locus of Control. The motivation for the study stems from a question regarding how cultural perceptual style interacts with personality traits to influence a person's Sense of Coherence. A further question faced by all South Africans, regards how one adapts to the cultural changes being experienced in the country, while at the same time maintaining a sense of self·identity. While there are many possible questions, this study will focus on investigating the interaction between the three constructs of Sense of Coherence. Locus of Control, and Individualism/Collectivism. The three core constructs of Sense of Coherence. Locus of Control, and Individualism/Collectivism are defined as follows: • Antonovsky (1987) defines Sense of Coherence as a global orientation that expresses the extent to which one has a pervasive. enduring though dynamic feeling of confidence as a function of one's sense of comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. • Locus of Control refers to a generalised disposition. acquired from past experience, to believe that rewards either are, or are not, controllable by a person's own efforts. Such that those who are externally oriented hold the view that their success is due to factors outside their control such as chance and luck while internally oriented persons attribute success to their personal effort and ability. • Individualism and Collectivism are cultural perceptual styles which indicate whether individuals acts largely for their self interests, or in regard for collective group harmony.
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Women's experience of endogenous factors that maintain an abusive spousal relationship: a phenomenological study

  • Authors: Musson-Seedat, Saudah
  • Date: 2010-04-19T07:54:09Z
  • Subjects: Abused wives , Wife abuse , Locus of control , Abusive men , Marital violence , Phenomenological psychology
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:6792 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3221
  • Description: M.A. , Spousal abuse has been a practiced for decades across many cultures. According to the Domestic Violence Act, 1998 of S.A. spousal abuse consists of physical, sexual, emotional verbal psychological and economic abuse as well as various forms of intimidation by a spouse. Abuse against women and children seems to be entrenched in gender power equalities and hierarchical gender relations prevalent in society. The advent of feminism, that deals with issues of inequality between the genders, in the nineteenth century highlighted the problem of spousal abuse and challenged cultural and patriarchal notions of women. In South Africa spousal abuse is alarmingly prevalent and deeply ingrained within our society and is often viewed as a normative rather than a deviant practice. The legacy of political repression, a declining economy and diminishing job opportunities, insufficient educational opportunities and racial and ethnic divisions, has for decades generated deep rooted divisions in our society. Women in particular are the historically the victims of political and economic exclusion and have suffered the ravages of patriarchy, sexism and discriminatory practices that have kept them outside of social, political and economic power structures. In this process, abuse against women has been subtly sanctioned by society. This reflects the extent to which exploitation and abuse, in varying forms, have come to pervade the very foundations of our society and have become a socially sanctioned instrument for resolving conflict and promoting change. Because of the continued cultural sanctioning of spousal abuse it is often underreported, making statistics on the subject extremely difficult to obtain. The present study explored the women’s endogenous factors that contributed to the maintenance of their abusive spousal relationship. In essence these factors refer to the thoughts, feelings and beliefs which are significant in the experience of being in an abusive relationship. The study further looked at how these endogenous factors entrap women in abusive relationships. In order to contextualise the experience of being in an abusive spousal relationship the literature review (which makes up the first four chapters 2 of this study) concentrated on several different areas. The first chapter addresses the aims and motivations of the present study. The second chapter deals with established theories and thoughts about the existence of spousal abuse in relationships. Theoretical explanations highlighting some of the endogenous maintaining factors in an abusive spousal relationship are presented. These include psychodynamic theories, systems theory, feminism, eco-systemic approach, social constructionism and postmodernism. The third chapter deals with women’s responses to spousal abuse. The fourth chapter deals with the interaction between women’s socialisation and their response to spousal abuse. It would seem that abused woman find themselves in varying contradictory interactional contexts. Their spouse represents the person who loves them the most, yet he hurts them the most too. Their calls for support by informing others are seen as dishonouring their families yet when they decide to keep the abuse quiet they are condemned. These paradoxes confront abused women when they are in need of help, support and understanding. These cultural and societal norms are confusing and inconsistent, together with various emotions, serve to paralyse the abused women and limit their choices.
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The relationship between the perception of own locus of control and aggression of adolescent boys

  • Authors: Breet, L. , Myburgh, C. , Poggenpoel, M.
  • Date: 2010
  • Subjects: Adolescent boys , Differential analysis , Locus of control , Perception , Aggressiveness in adolescence
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:5750 , ISSN 0256-0100 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7752
  • Description: Aggression is increasingly seen in most parts of South African society. Aggressive behaviour of boys in secondary school often results from frustrations caused by perceived high expectations of others regarding the role, locus of control, and personality of boys. Locus of control plays an important role in a person’s perception concerning a situation and possible reactions to what is happening, or should be happening. A 56-item questionnaire, based on Rotter’s “Locus of control” questionnaire, and the DIAS Scale were used. The questionnaire was completed by 440 boys in Grades 9, 10, and 11. Various factor, item and differential statistical analyses were conducted. Three constructs were identified, i.e. physical, verbal, and indirect aggression. Results indicated that locus of control has a significant influence on verbal and indirect aggression. The differential analysis indicated that contextual variables (language of tuition, age, and grade) play a significant, but not substantial, role in aggression. Furthermore, boys with an internal locus of control are significantly and substantially less aggressive than boys with an external locus of control, with respect to physical, verbal and indirect aggression.
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Personality, self-efficacy and locus of control in golf players: a correlational study

Psychological wellness constructs: Relationships and group differences.

  • Authors: Gropp, L. , Geldenhuys, D. , Visser, D.
  • Date: 2007
  • Subjects: Psychological wellness , Self-actualisation , Locus of control , Sense of coherence , Emotional intelligence
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6431 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1298
  • Description: The objective of the study was to examine the relationships between several constructs that were hypothesised to be components underlying psychological wellness and to establish whether there were differences between managerial and non-managerial groups or between Black and White groups in respect of the wellness variables. The Personal Orientation Inventory (POI), Locus of Control Inventory (LOC), Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC), and the Bar-On EQ-I were administered to a random sample of 200 employees of a financial services company. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups on several of the wellness variables with the manager and White groups obtaining higher scores on these variables than their comparison groups. However, in respect of External Locus of Control, the non-manager and Black groups obtained the higher scores. Factor analytic results demonstrated that the wellness variables clustered in two correlated factors (r = 0,43) labeled psychological wellness and self-actualisation.
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Locus of control in relation to flow.

  • Authors: Taylor, C.M. , Schepers, J.M. , Crous, F.
  • Date: 2006
  • Subjects: Flow , Locus of control , Attribution theory , Autonomy , Internet control
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6400 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1168
  • Description: The principal objective of the study was to examine the relationship between locus of control and optimal experience (flow) in carrying out work and/or study activities. Two questionnaires measuring the aforementioned constructs were administered to a group of first and second-year Human Resource Management students (n=168) between the ages of 16 and 30. The results suggest that more frequent experience of flow is positively correlated with Autonomy and Internal Locus of Control. Limitations, lines of future research, implications and further contributions are discussed.
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The factor structure, metrical properties, and convergent validity of the third edition (1999) of the Locus of Control Inventory.

  • Authors: Schepers, J.M. , Gropp, L. , Geldenhuys, D.J.
  • Date: 2006
  • Subjects: Sense of coherence , Locus of control , Emotional intelligence
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6364 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1108
  • Description: The principal objective of the study was to examine the factor structure and metrical properties of the third edition (1999) of the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI). A corollary of the study was to examine the convergent validity of the instrument. After a thorough revision and extension of the scale to 88 items it was applied to a sample of 2091 first-year university students. Particular attention was paid to the shortcomings revealed in a study by de Bruin (2004). An iterative principal factor analysis of the scale was done. The three-factor-structure previously found was substantiated by the analysis. The obtained factors were interpreted as Autonomy, External Control and Internal Control. Highly acceptable reliabilities were obtained. As far as validity is concerned it was found that Internal Control and Autonomy are strongly related to Psychological Wellness and External Control negatively to Stress Management. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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The relationship between the fourth edition (2003) of the locus of control inventory and the sixteen personality factor.

  • Authors: Hassett, C.F. , Schepers, J.M.
  • Date: 2006
  • Subjects: Locus of control , Factor structure , Sixteen personality factor questionnaire
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6367 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1110
  • Description: The principal objective of the study was to determine the relationship between the fourth edition (2003) of the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI) and version 5 of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF). After some minor changes the LCI was applied jointly with the 16PF to a sample of 3089 first-year university students. Complete records were obtained in respect of 3033 participants for the LCI, and 2798 for both the 16PF and the LCI. An iterative principal factor analysis of the LCI was done. The three-factor-structure previously found was substantiated by the analysis. Highly acceptable reliabilities were obtained. The 16PF yielded six global factors with reliabilities that ranged from 0,721 to 0,861. Canonical correlations of 0,659; 0,455 and 0,322 were obtained between the three scales of the LCI and the primary factors of the 16PF.
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The construction of a normative scale of locus of control.

  • Authors: Schepers, J.M.
  • Date: 2005
  • Subjects: Normative scale , Locus of control , Social learning theory , Attribution theory
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6362 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1106
  • Description: The primary objective of the study was to construct a normative scale of locus of control for use with students and adults. A corollary of the study was to establish the personality, interest and cognitive correlates of locus of control. Conceptually the instrument is based on attribution theory and on social learning theory. The first edition of the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI) was applied to 356 first-year university students during 1994. A factor analysis of the 65 items of the inventory yielded three factors. The factors were interpreted as Autonomy, Internal Control and External Control. Three scales, corresponding to the three factors, were constructed, and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,80; 0,77 and 0,81 respectively. Following this the cognitive, interest and personality correlates of the LCI were determined. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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Locus of control and online learning.

  • Authors: Esterhuysen, S. , Stanz, K.J.
  • Date: 2004
  • Subjects: Online learning , Locus of control
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6494 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1604
  • Description: The integration of online learning in university courses is considered to be both inevitable and necessary. Thus there is an increasing need to raise awareness among educators and course designers about the critical issues impacting on online learning. The aim of this study, therefore, was to assess the differences between two groups of first-year Business Sciences learners (online and conventional learners) in terms of biographic and demographic characteristics and locus of control. The study population consisted of 586 first-year learners of whom 185 completed the Locus of Control Inventory (LCI). The results show that the two groups of learners do not differ statistically significantly from each other with respect to locus of control. The findings and their implications are also discussed.
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The relationship between organisational climate and salutogenic functioning.

  • Authors: Cilliers, F.V.N. , Kossuth, S.
  • Date: 2002
  • Subjects: Organisational climate , Psychological atmosphere , Salutogenic , Psychological health , Locus of control , Self-efficacy
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:5666 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2910
  • Description: Organisational climate, defined as psychological atmosphere, was measured by means of 14 climate and four managerial support dimensions. Salutogenic functioning, referring to the origins of psychological health, was measured as the constructs sense of coherence, self-efficacy and locus of control. A representative sample of 245 mining personnel was used. Climate correlates significantly with sense of coherence and locus of control, and through these, with self-efficacy. It is recommended that Industrial Psychologists can act as facilitators in improving organisational climate by monitoring and enhancing the level of salutogenic functioning amongst its managers and staff members.
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The prediction of franchisees' effectiveness in the fast food sector with the use of locus of control.

Individualiteit, kollektiwiteit en lokus van beheer as mikroveranderslikes van diversiteit.

  • Authors: Rieger, H.S. , Blignaut, C.J.H.
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Locus of control , Individuality-collectivity Inventory
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6520 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2719
  • Description: Individuality, collectivity and locus of control as micro variables of diversity. The principal aim of the study was to construct an instrument to measure individuality and collectivity as micro variables of diversity in the South African context. The Individuality-collectivity Inventory was applied to 326 university students. A factor analysis on 80 items yielded two factors. These factors were interpreted as collectivity and individuality. The two scales were subjected to an item analysis and yielded reliability coefficients of 0,86 and 0,910. A secondary aim of the study was to determine whether any correlation exists between individuality, collectivity and locus of control. The two sub-scales of the Individuality-collectivity Inventory were correlated with the three sub-scales of the Locus of Control Inventory. Statistically significant positive correlations were found to exist between individuality, internal locus of control and autonomy. The implications of the findings on the management of diversity are discussed.
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Lokus van beheer en transformasionele leierskap.

  • Authors: Van Staden, J.F. , Schepers, J.M. , Rieger, H.S.
  • Date: 2000
  • Subjects: Locus of control , Transformational leadership , Transactional leadership
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6344 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1089
  • Description: Locus of control and transformational leadership. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between locus of control and transformational leadership. These constructs were selected by virtue of the lack of empirical research regarding the assumed relationship between them. The Locus of Control Inventory (LCI) of Schepers (1998) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), Form 5R of Bass and Avolio (1993) were administered to 102 respondents. The results indicate statistically significant relationships between: internal locus of control and transformational leadership; external locus of control and transactional leadership; and autonomy and transformational leadership.
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Instemmingsgeneighdheid en verskillende item-en responsformate in 'n gesommeerde selfbeoordelingskaal.

  • Authors: Hanekom, N. , Visser, D.
  • Date: 1998
  • Subjects: Locus of control , Likert-type format
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6373 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1117
  • Description: This study examines the degree of acquiescence present when the item and response formats of a summated rating scale are varied. It is often recommended that acquiescence response bias in rating scales may be controlled by using both positively and negatively worded items. Such items are generally worded in the Likert-type format of statements. The purpose of the study was to establish whether items in question format would result in a smaller degree of acquiescence than items worded as statements. the response format was also varied (five- and seven-point options) to determine whether this would influence the reliability and degree of acquiescence in the scales. A twenty-item Locus of Control (LC) questionnaire was used, but each item was complemented by its opposite, resulting in 40 items. The subjects, divided randomly into two groups, were second year students who had to complete four versions of the questionnaire, plus a shortened version of Bass's scale for measuring acquiescence. The LC version were questions or statements each combined with a five- or seven-point respons format. Partial counterbalancing was introduced by testing on two separate occasions, presenting the tests to the two groups in the opposite order. The degree of acquiescence was assessed by correlating the items with their opposite, and by correlating scores on each version with scores on the acquiescence questionnaire. No major difference were found between the various item and response format in relation to acquiescence.
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Die verband tussen lokus van beheer en die werksprestasie van swart bemarkers in die lewensversekeringsbedryf.

  • Authors: Coetzer, E.L. , Schepers, J.M.
  • Date: 1997
  • Subjects: Locus of control , Work performance , Life assurance industry , Black marketers
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6330 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1076
  • Description: The relationship between locus of control and the work performance of black marketers in the life assurance industry. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between locus of control and the work performance of black marketers in the life assurance industry. These constructs were selected by virtue of the lack of empirical research regarding the assumed relationship between them. The Locus of control Scale of Schepers (1995) was used for measuring locus of control. Work performance was measured by the commission earned per month by the marketer, the number of policies generated by the marketer, as well as the percentage of lapsed policies. The relevant measurements were obtained in respect of a sample o 149 black marketing personnel. The results indicated a modest but statistically significant relationship between external locus of control and the work performance of black marketers.
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