Aangeleerde hulpeloosheid, lokus van beheer en sellulêre immuunresponse by die mens
- Authors: Roux, André
- Date: 2015-02-12
- Subjects: Helplessness (Psychology) , Cellular immunity , Immune response , Control (Psychology) , Stress (Psychology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13321 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13337
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology) , Please refer to dull text to view abstract
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Die invloed van perfeksionisme op aangeleerde hulpeloosheid en depressie
- Authors: Beuster, Johannes Traugott Reinhold
- Date: 2015-02-12
- Subjects: Perfection , Helplessness (Psychology) , Depression, Mental
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13295 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13313
- Description: M.A. (Psychology) , Both the theories of Seligman (1975) and Beck (1976) provide an explanation of depression as a cognitive phenomenon. These theories are inadequate in the sense that no provision is made for individual differences and personality factors in the development of depression. This study postulates that perfectionism is related to learned helplessness and depression, with the intention of understanding mild depression. Forty first year students at the Rand Afrikaans University were selected on the basis of exceptionally high or exceptionally low scores on the P.Hs. (Perfectionistic Attitude Scale). The subjects were further divided into helpless and non-helpless groups. Helplessness was induced by confronting the subjects with a cognitive task which was impossible to execute. Hereafter, among other things, the subjects' attributions and level of depression (Beck Depression Inventory) were measured. The findings indicate that perfectionism is significantly related to depression, but not to learned helplessness. Furthermore, it was found that helplessness is not necessarily related to depression. It is suggested that helplessness in a laboratory situation is not aversive or important enough to cause depression. The recommendation is made that future helplessness studies Should preferably concentrate on actual life situations. Perfectionism was found to be an important factor in the development of depression, and it was found that perfectionists are essentially underachievers. The implications of these findings were briefly discussed.
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Die invloed van probleemoplossingsvaardighede op die ontwikkeling van aangeleerde hulpeloosheid en depressie
- Authors: Rademeyer, Ignatius Marthinus
- Date: 2014-06-05
- Subjects: Helplessness (Psychology) , Depression, Mental , Problem solving
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11418 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11056
- Description: M.A. (Psychology) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
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Hulpeloosheid en gebrek aan beheer as determinante van sielkundige funksionering in 'n waakeenheid
- Authors: Bertelsmann, Anchen Margaretha
- Date: 2014-03-27
- Subjects: Intensive care nursing - Psychological aspects , Cognitive therapy , Helplessness (Psychology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4513 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9851
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , The purpose of this study was to establish whether a cognitive intervention with patients in an intensive care unit in a general hospital would lead to a decrease in the commonly observed "intensive-care syndrome", which previously led to a deterioration in patients’ condition irrespective of their physiological condition. In order to effect this study an intervention focused at the alleviation of cognitive factors possibly causing the intensive care syndrome was constructed and rendered on audio-tape. An experimental and control group were randomly selected and pre-tests were performed on these groups. After the pre-tests were performed, the cognitive intervention was applied and post-tests on the same measures were performed. The results were subjected to separate analysis of covariance where baseline levels of the dependent variables were used as covariates. No significant results were found, implying that cognitive factors might not be playing the role they were expected to play, and that organic-physiological factors might play a more important role in the causation of the intensive-care sydrome. In addition, it was hypothesised that patients used their own "cognitive intervention" in order to alleviate the severity of symptoms observed in the intensive care unit. Further research is suggested in order to determine the relevant factors inherent in such a condition.
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Learned helplessness, cognitive errors and perfectionism in depressed and non-depressed chronic pain patients
- Authors: Gultig, Renee Jeanne
- Date: 2014-07-23
- Subjects: Chronic diseases - Psychological aspects , Pain - Psychological aspects , Depression, Mental , Helplessness (Psychology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11761 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11488
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , The increasing interest in cognitive factors both in the literature on pain and in developments in research on depression has led to the present study, where cognitive factors associated with depression were investigated in clinical groups of chroni c pa in patients. The cognitive factors studied were learned helplessness (Seligman, 1975), cognitive errors and distortions (Beck, 1976), perfectionism (Bums, 19800 1980b), as well as hopelessness (Beck, 1974). It was hypothesised that these factors would occur in definite patterns in relation to each other, in groups of pain patients categorised into four groups on the basis of raised or lowered levels of both depression and a subjective pain rating. It was hypothesised that learned helplessness would vary in direct relationship to depression but that simultaneously increased levels of pain would elevate helplessness further. It was also hypothesised that perfectionism and cognitive errors and distortions would vary inversely with helplessness and that amongst pain patients with high levels of pain and low levels of depression, raised scores on measures of perfectionism and cognitive errors may indicate the presence of a 'masked' depression. Some evidence was found to suggest that cognitive factors do play an important role in pain, although no significant results were found to support the specific hypotheses of this study. The need for finer discrimination in the type' of pain patient selected, particularly in regard to ·the diagnosis of the pain syndrome, as well as the inclusion of cognitive factors other than those presently considered, is indicated for future research.
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Learned helpnessness, depression and self-esteem in mothers of children with specific learning disabilities
- Authors: Abrams, Greta Barbara
- Date: 2014-08-27
- Subjects: Helplessness (Psychology) , Mother and child - Psychological aspects , Learning disabilities , Depression, Mental
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12137 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11881
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , This study was conducted to ascertain whether the mothers of children with psychoneurological learning disabilities were more depressed, helpless due to a particular attributional style, and had a lower self-concept, than the mothers of children with anxiety disorders. The Beck Depression Inventory, (Beck, Ward, Mendelson & Erbaugh, 1961), the Attributional Style Questionnaire (Abramson, Seligman &Teasdale, 1978), and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (Fitts, 1965) were completed by the mothers of 20 boys with psychoneurological learning .disabilities and the mothers of 20 boys with anxiety disorders, aged 6-12 years. Significant results were obtained contrary to expectations, in that the mothers of children with anxiety disorders, were in fact more depressed, helpless and had a lower self-concept than the mothers of children with psycho- neurological disabilities. The conclusion was drawn that the nature of the psychopathology did not depend as much on one factor such as a specific learning disability or an anxiety disorder, but was rather a manifestation of the functioning of the family system. Further research seems indicated to investigate the strengths and vulnerabilities in the family system as a whole, in terms of the reciprocal influence of the learning disabled child and his family...
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Self-efficacy and learned helplessness in depression
- Authors: Stonestreet, Mark Patrick
- Date: 2014-02-17
- Subjects: Self-perception , Helplessness (Psychology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4046 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9398
- Description: M.A. (Psychology) , Please refer to full text to view abstract
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The effect of depression and learned helplessness in early and asymptomatic HIV infected subjects.
- Authors: Jordaan, Elsabe
- Date: 2014-02-20
- Subjects: HIV infections - Psychological aspects. , HIV-positive persons - Psychology - Research. , Depression, Mental - Psychological aspects - Case studies. , Helplessness (Psychology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:4185 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9532
- Description: M.A. (Psychology) , The present study was undertaken in an attempt to understand and ascertain the nature and influence of psychological variables on the longevity of people who are infected withHN. The specific postulate of this study was that depression is the most important psychological variable that influences the longevity of people with my, either directly or indirectly. A number of variables were hypothesized to playa concomitant role with depression as factors that mediate longevity in people with my. These factors include learned helplessness, self-efficacy, sickness impact, sexual risk behaviors and substance use. The testing of these hypotheses involved an experimental group consisting ofHN positive, gay men who suffered from depression and a control group that consisted ofmv positive gay men who did not suffer from depression. None of the subjects had previously been diagnosed with depression. The subjects were subjected to testing of the mentioned psychological variables by means of the Hamilton-Depression Scale, the Attributional Style Questionnaire, the Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, the Biweekly Record of Sexual Behavior, the Substance Use Behavior Questionnaire and the Sickness Impact Profile. It was found that the experimental group differed significantly from the control group in terms of self-efficacy, sexual risk behavior, substance use and sickness impact. It has been speculated that the lack of significant difference between the experimental and control groups on learned helplessness could imply that equal amounts of learned helplessness was present in both groups.
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The effects of diazepam on the development of learned helplessness and depression
- Authors: Van Breda, Theo Kenneth
- Date: 2015-02-12
- Subjects: Drugs - Effectiveness , Depression, Mental , Helplessness (Psychology)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13318 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13334
- Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , This study was undertaken in an attempt to validate the hypothesis that anxious subjects who ingested diazepam (Valium) and were subjected to a helplessness inducing situation,would become more depressed and more hopeless than people who were subjected to the same situation and obtained anxiety relief by means of a response-contingent behaviour - a muscle relaxation exercise. Twenty-nine male and female students were selected from the undergraduate and post-graduate student population at the Rand Afrikaans University on the basis of scores on the IPAT Anxiety Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental groups and the one control group and were subjected to the helplessness inducing situation. A wide spectrum of measures were performed and the results subjected to analyses of variance. The results indicated support for the hypothesis that people who received response contingent anxiety relief became less depressed than people who obtained non-response-contingent anxiety relief. No support was found for the hopelessness construct. The lack of results of this were discussed in terms of the effectiveness of the measuring instruments and that hopelessness and helplessness might be different concepts.
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