The influence of work pressure on worker attitudes towards health and safety in a platinum mining stope
- Authors: Nelwamondo, P. , Mpanza, M. , Rupprecht, S.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Behaviour , Work pressure , Health and safety
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/261750 , uj:27611 , Citation: Nelwamondo, P., Mpanza, M. & Rupprecht, S. 2018. The influence of work pressure on worker attitudes towards health and safety in a platinum mining stope. Society of Mining Professors 6th Regional Conference 2018 Johannesburg, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract
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Identifying factors influencing construction workers’ food choices in Gauteng, South Africa: A pilot investigation
- Authors: Okoro, C. , Musonda, I. , Agumba, J.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Construction , Health and safety , Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/390987 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/122323 , uj:20639 , Citation: Okoro, C, Musonda, I. & Agumba, J. 2016. Identifying factors influencing construction workers’ food choices in Gauteng, South Africa: A pilot investigation.
- Description: Abstract: Background: Nutrition is linked with health and safety performance of workers. However, there is scant literature focusing on the nutrition of construction workers, especially in South Africa. Methods: This pilot study investigated the factors that influence the nutrition of construction workers. A survey was conducted and data were analysed using Microsoft Excel to determine mean scores and to rank the factors. Results: Nutritional knowledge, economic factors and physiological factors were identified as influencing construction workers’ food choices. Conclusion: These findings provide information that can be used for targeting construction workers’ nutrition which could, in turn, improve health and safety performance on construction sites. Identifying nutrition-influencing factors allows for the design of intervention programmes for construction workers.
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Employers' Contribution Towards Health and Safety Compliance
- Authors: Mustapha, Zakari , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Compliance , Contribution , Health and safety
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/87903 , uj:19641 , Citation: Mustapha, Z., Aigbavboa, C. & Thwala, W.D. 2015. Employers' Contribution Towards Health and Safety Compliance.
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract
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Client attitude to health and safety – a report on contractor’s perceptions
- Authors: Musonda, Innocent , Haupt, Theo , Smallwood, John
- Date: 2009
- Subjects: Attitude , Botswana , Client , Construction , Health and safety
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/32882 , uj:16232 , Citation: Musonda, I., Haupt, T., & Smallwood, J.J. (2009). Client attitude to health and safety – a report on contractor’s perceptions. Acta Structilia : journal for the physical and development science 16(2):65-85. ISSN 10230564
- Description: Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present findings of a preliminary survey on Contractors’ perceptions of clients’ attitude relative to health and safety (H&S) implementation in Botswana’s construction industry and in a way that of the Southern Africa. A questionnaire survey was conducted on construction projects to establish clients’ attitude towards H&S. Interviews were also conducted with contractor’s representatives on selected construction sites in and around Gaborone, Botswana. Findings from the survey include: clients do not perceive H&S to be very important on construction projects, most clients do not address H&S adequately in contract documentation and H&S is rarely a major agenda item in progress meetings. Findings were also that clients are not fully committed to H&S implementation. The client sets the tone for H&S culture. Client attitude is therefore very important for H&S performance improvement as all stakeholders are compelled to act in line with the client’s values. The importance of the client to H&S performance improvement has been recognised by various researchers. The extent to which clients are involved in H&S implementation has however not been researched extensively especially in Southern Africa. This article therefore provides an insight into the clients’ attitude towards H&S and in a way explains the reason for the current state of H&S in Botswana’s construction industry.
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An investigation of factors that assure a zero accident goal in construction sites in Gauteng, South Africa
- Authors: Van Heerden, J. H. F. , Musonda, I. , Okoro, C. S.
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Construction industry , Gauteng , Health and safety
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/282206 , uj:30405 , Citation: Van Heerden, J.H.F., Musonda, I. & Okoro, C.S. 2018. An investigation of factors that assure a zero accident goal in construction sites in Gauteng, South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Construction accidents and fatalities bear heavily on companies. Thus, achieving zero accidents on construction projects is a desired goal universally. The present study aims to identify critical conditions or factors to ensure zero accidents on projects. A field questionnaire survey was used to collect data in different locations in Gauteng. Participants were selected using snowballing and judgemental sampling techniques. Empirical data were analysed using EXCEL to output descriptive statistics including mean item scores and standard deviation. The factors were further ranked to identify the most important as perceived by the sampled respondents. The study found that clear H&S goals, regular recording of accidents and incidents, regular tool box talks as well as following strict H&S rules, procedures and processes were the most indicators of a good safety record among the sampled organisations. On the other hand, involving staff in H&S planning and worker incentives did not appear to have much bearing on achieving zero accidents in the organizations sampled. The study was conducted in only one Province in South Africa and may not be generalisable to construction organizations in entire country or other geographical areas. The current research identifies factors necessary to prevent or avoid accidents on construction sites. Continuous health and safety improvement is likely if factors to prevent accidents are taken into account to prevent their occurrence.
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Identifying factors of health and safety (H&S) culture for the construction industry
- Authors: Musonda, Innocent , Haupt, Theo C.
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Health and safety , Construction industry , LIP+3C culture model
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/150621 , uj:1095
- Description: Purpose: This paper presents a review of previous studies on the subject of H&S culture and outline key H&S culture factors that are necessary to make the concept useful in the construction industry. A conceptualised model LIP+3C is also presented as the outcome of the review Design/methodology/approach: Literature review focused on exploring the conceptual definitions of H&S culture was conducted. A matrix for the identified literature was developed to identify common H&S culture elements. Findings: It was revealed that there is still confusion and lack of consensus on the concept of H&S culture. However, the H&S culture elements of leadership, involvement, procedures, communication, competence and commitment dominate the literature. Research limitations/implications: Literature review was conducted on 15 published peer reviewed journal articles. The validation of the elements found in the study is currently under way although preliminary results confirm the findings. Practical implications: H&S culture has been identified as being of great importance to H&S performance improvement. Identifying culture elements that can easily be implemented and understood will contribute to improving the current H&S status. Originality/value: Adopting the LIP+3C culture model composed of elements that can easily be implemented and understood will contribute to improving the current H&S status
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Improving health and safety culture - a guide for construction clients
- Authors: Musonda, Innocent , Pretorius, Jan-Harm , Haupt, Theodore Conrad
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Health and safety , Clients , Culture , LIP+3C
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/22516 , uj:16206 , Citation: Musonda, I., Pretorius, J.-H. & Haupt, T.C. 2013. Improving health and safety culture - a guide for construction clients. In: Ahmed, S.M., Smith, N., Azhar, S., Yaris, C., Shah, A., Farooqui, R. and Pothyress, R. (Eds). Challenges in Innovation, Integration and Collaboration in Construction & Engineering. Proceedings of the 7th International conference on Construction in the 21st Century (CITC-VII), Bangkok, 19-21 December, 2013. ISBN:978-0-9894623-0-3
- Description: Abstract: Many accidents and a general poor health and safety performance for both the construction industry and other high reliability industries have been blamed on the poor health and safety (H&S) culture that was prevalent at the time. Addressing H&S culture is therefore a very important step to eliminating accidents and thereby improve the general H&S performance within an organisation or industry. The current paper will therefore report on findings from an empirical study on improving H&S performance in a construction project and will also present a guide of how to improve the construction client’s H&S culture. The research conducted in South Africa and Botswana and whose results were modelled using structural equation modelling, found that with a better H&S culture, clients had a positive influence on H&S performance of construction projects. The client H&S culture was characterized by leadership, involvement, procedures, commitment, communication and competence (LIP+3C). A positive manifest of these factors in the client entity entailed a better H&S performance at project level. This paper will therefore present a guide on how construction clients may improve their H&S culture and thereby impact positively on project’s H&S performance. Further, the guide will exemplify how the concept of H&S culture may be operationalised in order to benefit from a concept that has been mooted as the panacea for the H&S problem in the construction industry as well as the concept that has been at the centre of major industrial disasters.
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Identification of health and safety performance improvement indicators for small and medium construction enterprises: a Delphi consensus study
- Authors: Agumba, Justus N. , Haupt, Theo C.
- Date: 2011-09
- Subjects: Health and safety , Performance improvement , Small and medium construction enterprises , Delphi approach
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5323 , ISSN 2281-4612 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8234
- Description: This study sought to identify and validate a comprehensive set of health and safety (H&S) leading indicator metrics that will enable small and medium construction enterprises (SMEs) personnel to monitor the level of H&S performance in their projects. The Delphi approach was used where the opinion of H&S experts, academics and industry practitioners were canvassed on 64 potential indicator metrics, categorized in 10 elements or leading indicators that will enable H&S performance improvement e.g. reduction in accidents, injuries, diseases but to name a few. The experts rated each indicator metric on a 10-point Likert scale of impact, where 1= no major impact or 10% impact and 10 = major impact or 100% impact. Consensus was reached on 32 indicator metrics after four successive rounds of Delphi if the indicators attracted final scores of, percentage median impact of 90% to 100% which is 9.00 to 10.00 median rating and over 50% of respondents rating the indicator metrics in the band of 9.00 to 10.00 or 90% to 100% impact to improve H&S performance. The experts had the opportunity to reconsider their scores informed by the group median score in rounds 2, 3 and 4. The limitation of the study was the reliance of a structured questionnaire in the first round as experts were not allowed to add any new indicators, until the fourth round. This study contributes to the H&S body of knowledge where no consensus has been reached pertaining to the indicator metrics that have major impact to improve H&S performance at project level of construction SMEs in South Africa.
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Assuring health and safety (H&S) performance on construction projects - clients' role and influence
- Authors: Musonda, Innocent , Pretorius, Jan-Harm , Haupt, Conrad Theodore
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Botswana , Construction , Culture , Health and safety , Improvement , Influence , Performance , South Africa
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/22423 , uj:16199 , Citation: Musonda, I., Pretorius, J.-H. & Haupt, C.T. 2012. Assuring health and safety (H&S) performance on construction projects - clients' role and influence. Acta Structilia 19(1):71-105. ISSN: 1023-0564
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Health and safety (H&S) awareness and implementation in Botswana's construction industry
- Authors: Musonda, I. , Smallwood, J.
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Awareness , Botswana , Construction , Health and safety , Implementation
- Language: English
- Type: Journal article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/23191 , uj:16218 , Citation: Musonda, I. & Smallwood, J. 2008. Health and safety (H&S) awareness and implementation in Botswana's construction industry. Journal of Engineering Design and Technology 6(1):81-90. ISSN 1726-0531
- Description: Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the level of awareness and implementation of health and safety (H&S) in Botswana’s construction industry. Findings from the research reveal that the level of H&S awareness is low, H&S legislation is not complied with, the management of contractors is not committed to H&S implementation, there is a lack of H&S management systems, procedures, and protocol, and clients and designers do not participate in the implementation of H&S. Recommendations include that the requisite H&S legislation and regulations be promulgated in accordance with the International Labour Office (ILO) recommendations, and that all stakeholders should be equally responsible for the implementation of H&S.
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Rasberry Pi and BeagleBones : evaluating a cost effective GPS system for on‐mine navigation
- Authors: Grobler, H. C. I. , Van der Walt, C.
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Navigation , Health and safety , Mine survey
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241333 , uj:24843 , Citation: Grobler, H.C.I. & Van der Walt, C. 2017. Rasberry Pi and BeagleBones : evaluating a cost effective GPS system for on‐mine navigation.
- Description: Abstract: The South African Mine Health and Safety Act (MHSA) requires the mine surveyor to inform the manager of all workings within 100 metres of other workings, abandoned areas and hazardous accumulations of water or gas. The main purpose of this requirement is to ensure that all employees are aware and can take all the necessary precautions against un‐planned breakthroughs, falls of ground and subsidence. In the case where mines are mining through abandoned workings in order to remove remnant pillars and previously unmined reserves, the potential for subsidence and equipment falling into excavated areas become a reality. A single incident where a machine falls into a collapsed working can amount to in excess of R1 million per incident, excluding the risk of loss of life or serious injury. An unplanned collapse of workings in the specific case study can also lead to sufficient air flow into the old underground to cause spontaneous combustion of the remaining pillars. Although systems for navigation of drill rigs exist the cost to deploy a similar unit to all vehicles in the mining area is prohibitive. A low‐cost system that can navigate a vehicle and indicate to the operator what the subsurface features look like in the direct surroundings of the vehicle was developed using off‐the‐shelf technologies. This paper discusses the process of developing a lowcost navigation system towards a real time information management system for a mining operation. Benefits from this system may be applied in underground navigation and guiding rescue services in the search of illegal miners in abandoned mines.
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Identifying worksite intervention strategies to improve construction workers’ nutrition : a review of literature
- Authors: Okoro, Chioma Sylvia , Musonda, Innocent , Agumba, Justus Ngala
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Construction workers , Health and safety , Nutrition
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241749 , uj:24919 , Citation: Okoro, C.S., Musonda, I. & Agumba, J.N. 2017. Identifying worksite intervention strategies to improve construction workers’ nutrition : a review of literature.
- Description: Abstract: The nutrition of construction workers appears to be understudied despite anecdotal evidence that suggests that it is closely linked to health and safety (H&S) performance and productivity of the workers on construction sites. The objective of this paper is to identify possible worksite interventions to improve the nutrition of construction workers. A review of literature based on both South African and international context was conducted from journal, conference proceedings, books, magazines, theses and dissertations. Findings revealed that supplementary feeding programmes, nutrition education and environmental and/organizational changes could beget better nutritional behaviour among construction workers, whose food choices comprise mainly of fast-foods and fizzy drinks. The study emphasizes the need for nutrition of construction workers to be given adequate consideration on worksites.
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Designer's contribution to construction health and safety (H&S) - a case study of a public works project
- Authors: Musonda, I. , Haupt, T.
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Designers , Health and safety , Performance improvement
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/22581 , uj:16212 , Citation: Musonda, I. & Haupt, T. 2008. Designer's contribution to construction health and safety (H&S) - a case study of a public works project. Conference proceedings of the 3rd Built Environment Conference by Association of Schools of Construction of Southern Africa (ASOCSA 2008), held in Cape Town, South Africa, 6th–8th July 2008. ISBN: 978-0-620-41382
- Description: Abstract: This paper presents findings from a study conducted on a public works’ construction project in Botswana to establish the contribution of designers (consultants) to construction health and safety (H&S)
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Impact of Health and Safety regulations on Small and Medium‐ Sized Enterprise contractors in Ghana
- Authors: Mustapha, Zakari , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku
- Date: 2015
- Subjects: Health and safety , Measurement variables , SMEs contractors
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/73639 , uj:18436 , Citation: Mustapha, Z., Aigbavboa, C. & Thwala, W.D. 2015. Impact of Health and Safety regulations on Small and Medium‐ Sized Enterprise contractors in Ghana.
- Description: Abstract: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) practices of Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprise (SMEs) contractors in Ghana is at an alarming state. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact based on the given measurement variables from literature. The study adopted Delphi survey method to collect data from experts (construction professionals and academics) through email. Rating of the variables by the experts were based on either the impact was considered to be very high or high. Microsoft EXCEL, spread‐sheet software was used in the data analysis. Four variable reached high degree on consesus, out of the twelve measurement variables. Only three measuement variable reached high degree of consensus under the interquatile deviation.
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Health and safety (H&S) awareness and implementation in Botswana's construction industry
- Authors: Musonda, Innocent , Smallwood, J.
- Date: 2005
- Subjects: Awareness , Botswana , Construction , Health and safety , Implementation
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/22561 , uj:16210 , Citation: Musonda, I. & Smallwood, J. 2005. Health and safety (H&S) awareness and implementation in Botswana's construction industry. 4TH Triennial International Conference Rethinking and Revitalizing Construction Safety, Health, Environment and Quality Port Elizabeth – South Africa 17-20 May 2005, CIB W99 Working commission Conference Proceedings p. 51-63. ISBN: 0-620-33919-5
- Description: Abstract: A study was conducted to determine the level of awareness and implementation of Health and Safety (H&S) in Botswana’s construction industry. Findings from the research revealed that the level of H&S awareness was low; H&S legislation was not implemented; contractors’ management are not committed to H&S implementation; there is a lack of H&S management systems, procedures, and protocol; and clients and designers do not participate in the implementation of H&S. In light of the findings, it is recommended that relevant and adequate rules and regulations be promulgated according to the ILO recommendations. It is also recommended that all stakeholders should be equally responsible for the implementation of H&S.
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Impact significance of construction clients on designers' and contractors' health and safety (H&S) culture - an exploratory Delphi study
- Authors: Musonda, Innocent , Haupt, Theodore Conrad
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Health and safety , Contractors , Delphi study
- Language: English
- Type: Conference Proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/176570 , uj:15447 , Musonda, I. Haupt, T.C. and Fester, F. (2011). Impact significance of construction clients on designers’ and contractors’ health and safety culture- An exploratory Delphi study. Proceedings of the CIB W99 International conference on Construction health and safety, Washington DC, USA, 24-26 August 2011
- Description: Designers and Contractors’ top management have been identified in many studies to be of great importance to health and safety performance and its continual improvement. Therefore developing strategies that support and motivate designers and contractor top management to implement health and safety elements would ensure a gradual and sustained improvement of health and safety in the construction industry. In order to determine the impact significance of clients/owners on designers and contractor top management, a Delphi study was conducted. Findings from the study where that client culture has critical impact significance on designers and contractors’ top management culture. Further findings were that implementation of health and safety elements by designers and contractors were ‘very likely to occur’ with clients influence. This paper reports on findings from an analysis of impact significance of clients on designers and contractors. It will underscore the point that has been made before using different methodologies that client health and safety culture is critical to designers and contractors’ health and safety culture. The paper argues that an improved client health and safety culture will result in an improved health safety culture of designers and contractors. Pursuing this strategy can result in prevention of many accidents and incidents
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Identification of health and safety performance improvement indicators for small and medium construction enterprises : a Delphi consensus study
- Authors: Agumba, Justus N. , Haupt, Theo C.
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Health and safety , Performance improvement , Small business - Safety measures
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5328 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8623
- Description: This study sought to identify and validate a comprehensive set of health and safety (H&S) leading indicator metrics that will enable small and medium construction enterprises (SMEs) personnel to monitor the level of H&S performance in their projects. The Delphi approach was used where the opinion of H&S experts, academics and industry practitioners were canvassed on 64 potential indicator metrics, categorized in 10 elements or leading indicators that will enable H&S performance improvement e.g. reduction in accidents, injuries, diseases but to name a few. The experts rated each indicator metric on a 10-point Likert scale of impact, where 1= no major impact or 10% impact and 10 = major impact or 100% impact. Consensus was reached on 32 indicator metrics after four successive rounds of Delphi if the indicators attracted final scores of, percentage median impact of 90% to 100% which is 9.00 to 10.00 median rating and over 50% of respondents rating the indicator metrics in the band of 9.00 to 10.00 or 90% to 100% impact to improve H&S performance. The experts had the opportunity to reconsider their scores informed by the group median score in rounds 2, 3 and 4. The limitation of the study was the reliance of a structured questionnaire in the first round as experts were not allowed to add any new indicators, until the fourth round. This study contributes to the H&S body of knowledge where no consensus has been reached pertaining to the indicator metrics that have major impact to improve H&S performance at project level of construction SMEs in South Africa.
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Client attitude to health and safety (H&S) - a report on contractor's perceptions
- Authors: Musonda, I. , Haupt, T.
- Date: 2008
- Subjects: Attitude , Botswana , Client , Construction , Health and safety
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/22602 , uj:16215 , Citation: Musonda, I. & Haupt, T. 2008. Client attitude to health and safety (H&S) - a report on contractor's perceptions. In: Hinze, J., Bohner S, and Lew, J. (Eds). Evolution of and directions in construction safety and health. Conference proceedings of the CIB W99 International conference, 9- 11 March 2008, Florida. ISBN: 978-0-9790854-1-3
- Description: Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present findings of a preliminary survey on Contractors’ perceptions of clients, attitude relative to health and safety (H&S) implementation in Botswana’s construction industry.
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Social life cycle assessment in the South African sugar industry: issues and views
- Authors: Nemarumane, Takalani Musundwa , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Sugar production , Wages , Gender equality , Health and safety
- Language: English
- Type: Book chapter
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/379828 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/91577 , uj:20118 , Citation: Nemarumane, T.M. & Mbohwa, C. 2016. Social life cycle assessment in the South African sugar industry: issues and views.
- Description: Abstract: The South African sugar industry is one of the world’s leading costcompetitive producers of high- quality sugar and makes an important contribution to employment and sustainable socioeconomic development, particularly in rural areas, as well as to the national economy. The South African sugar industry is divided into growers and millers. South Africa produces its sugar from sugar cane, which is a tall tropical grass with thick, solid, tough stems that are a chief commercial source of sugar. The objectives of the study were directed by the guidelines on social life cycle assessment of products developed by the United Nations Environmental Programme and SETAC initiatives. The data were collected using field research, historic comparative research, interviews and questionnaires. The analysis and validation data was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. The impacts identified and discussed were health and safety, gender equality, and wages; these impacts were analyzed in terms of descriptives and factor matrix. The employers in the sugar industry provide full independence of the operations and procedures of the existing associations, but do not encourage their workers to become members. It was found that workers do not have wagerelated incentives, and that wages have not increased in the past 2 years. The workers reported that they have been discriminated against due to their genders; it was also found that male workers were favored by employers as compared to women, with regard to remuneration, training and development, and promotional opportunities. It was also found that the workers are exposed to unpleasant smells and dust particles in their working environment. Recommendations were made to enable favorable working conditions for both employers and employees.
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Small and medium-sized enterprises contractors' health and safety performance
- Authors: Mustapha, Zakari , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Thwala, Wellington Didibhuku
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Small business , Health and safety
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/213934 , uj:21215 , Citation: Mustapha, Z., Aigbavboa, C & Thwala, W.D. 2016. Small and medium-sized enterprises contractors' health and safety performance
- Description: Abstract: Small and Medium Sized-Enterprise (SMEs) contractors form the bulk, by number, of companies in each industry. SMEs differ significantly from large firms, and these factors affect their compliance level. The study aims to assess the SMEs contractors Health and Safety (H&S) performance in the construction industry. Delphi survey was used for the study. Experts were asked to rate the impact of other factors in predicting SMEs contractors compliance with H&S regulations in Ghana. The rating were based on either the impact was considered to be very high or high. Microsoft EXCEL to analyse the data collected. The output from the analysis was a set of descriptive statistics such as means, median, standard deviations and derivatives of these statistics. The findings from the study shows that changes in company structure, changes in ownership at various stages of growth, lack of H&S experts and short track records of H&S regulations were rated by the experts among the factors that affect the SMEs contractors H&S performance.
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