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Speech as a device of characterization in EDM Sibiya’s Ngiyolibala Ngifile

Mineralogical and leaching characteristics of altered ilmenite beach placer sands

Mineralogical and leaching characteristics of altered ilmenite beach placer sands

  • Authors: Ramakokovhu, Munyadziwa Mercy , Olubambi, Peter Apata , Mbaya, Richard Kady Kadiambuji , Mojisola, Tajudeen , Teffo, Moipone Linda
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Ilmenite , Characterization , Leaching
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/464080 , uj:41443 , Citation: Ramakokovhu, M.M. et al. 2020. Mineralogical and leaching characteristics of altered ilmenite beach placer sands.
  • Description: Abstract: In order to have a good understanding of the treatment process and improvement on the market value of ilmenite beach placer sands, knowledge of its mineral composition and phase distribution is fundamental. In this study, a combination of characterization techniques including high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron (HR-TEM) microscope, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques was used to understand the mineralogical characteristics of ilmenite beach placer sands obtained from Richards Bay, South Africa. The mineral phase constituents of the ilmenite beach placer sands were studied before pre-oxidation and additive leaching in a chloride environment. During observations using XRD and HR-SEM, the ilmenite beach placer sands exhibited signature rhombohedral crystal form and crescentic pits with evidence of alteration phases. The characterized pre-oxidized ilmenite showed the presence of a ferric oxide film deposit of the particles. The leaching characteristics of both raw and pre-oxidized ilmenite was studied in the presence of additives. The leaching efficiency of the pre-oxidized ilmenite in the presence of additives increased by 20% at atmospheric conditions. The characterized residues show the improved amenability of pre-oxidized leach in chloride media. The formation of new phases containing pseudo-rutile indicated crystallographic disintegration by the movement of atoms during dissolution. Some particles retained the crescentic pit and the subangular grain structure; however, the phase changes were observed at the grain boundaries and grain edges. The leached residue’s EDS results still indicated the presence of pseudo-rutile and some minor unreacted oxides such as SiO2, Al2O3, and other trace metals. The trace metals impurities present in the as-received ilmenite were reduced by 80% in the final residue after the leaching.
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Gold mine tailings : a potential source of silica sand for glass making

  • Authors: Okereafor, Uchenna , Makhatha, Mamookho , Mekuto, Lukhanyo , Mavumengwana, Vuyo
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Silica sand , Beneficiation , Characterization
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/434089 , uj:37559 , Okereafor, U. et al. 2020: Gold mine tailings : a potential source of silica sand for glass making.
  • Description: Abstract: , Mining of minerals such as gold, copper, and platinum has been one of several activities sustaining the economy of South Africa. However, the mining sector has contributed significantly to environmental contamination through the improper disposal of mine tailings which covers vast areas of land. Therefore, this study utilised a vitrification process to manufacture glass from gold mine tailings. X-ray fluorescence was used to determine the chemical composition of the tailings while X-ray diffraction was adopted for the mineralogy. The tailings were of granitic composition enriched in potentially toxic elements such as copper, cadmium, zinc, lead, arsenic, and chromium. A representative sample of gold mine wastes of sandy grain size was used in making the glass. Based on composition, the glass was formulated by adding an average 10.0 mass% of CaCO3 and 5.0mass%ofNa2CO3 to35.0mass%ofSiO2,whichresultedintheproductionofagreen-colouredglass.
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Characterization of Botswana coal from two coal fields : Mabesekwa and Mmamabula to determine its coal rank

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