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Effect of credit rating announcements on the banking industry of emerging markets

  • Authors: Harilal, Krishna Das
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Credit ratings , Banks and banking
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/478352 , uj:43229
  • Description: Abstract: Banks provide several benefits that contribute to the growth of an emerging market economy, such as collecting savings from various sources and enabling borrowers to borrow these funds and invest in profitable sectors (De Ferro, 2013). Banks contribute to the growth of essential sectors of the economy and thereby influence a country's economy. Before making investment decisions, investors use credit ratings to determine the risk of investing in a specific country. This study aimed to define the extent to which sovereign credit rating (SCR) announcements influence the behaviour of bank share prices in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), which are emerging market countries. A quantitative research methodology was used to analyse data from January 2010 to December 2017 using an experimental research design. The data was collected from Bloomberg. The investigation carried out was an event study using the daily share price of banks, and the All Share Total Return Index of each country as the benchmark proxy, to determine whether abnormal returns (ARs) exist following an SCR announcement... , M.Com. (Investment Management)
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Managing economic transformation and organisational change in the banking industry

  • Authors: Geduld, Earl
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Economic development , Organizational change , Banks and banking
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/451354 , uj:39767
  • Description: Abstract: Economic transformation is a fundamental principle and important tool in addressing the socio-economic challenges facing South African society. The banking industry, as an integral player in creating the diverse disparities in the country and society, is also an integral player to address these serious anomalies. The industry, with its influential financial and commercial advantage, has a key role in empowering and enabling individuals and communities to social and economic growth. However, efforts to transform the banking industry to support the greater economic transformation of society and the country as a whole, have proven to be lack-lustre and dismal at best. The aim of the study was to identify challenges experienced by banking industry in meeting its transformation objectives to support socio-economic development, and to propose a strategic framework to the industry to address the challenges encountered. A qualitative study was conducted to gain deeper understanding of the issues relating to the study topic and objectives. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select a sample of 13 participants who were directly and indirectly involved in the banking industry. These participants included 8 middle managers from 6 different banks, as well as 5 participants at a senior management level in the finance ministry and National Treasury, the South African Revenue Service, the Ministry for Public Enterprise, the Ministry for Co-operative Governance, and the Banking Association of South Africa. Data was collected from the participants using semi-structured focus group interviews and semi-structured face-to-face interviews respectively. The interviews were recorded and transcribed as permitted by all participants. Data was subsequently analysed using qualitative content analysis... , M.Com. (Business Management)
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The role of big data in decision making in a South African bank

  • Authors: Waide, Eniola Abiola
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Big data , Strategic planning , Banks and banking
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/475100 , uj:42846
  • Description: Abstract: In recent years, data has been gradually recognised as an integral part of forming a business strategy, with some business leaders labelling it as the fourth factor of production, as essential as land, labour and capital. In the evolving business landscape, organisations are faced with the challenge of maintaining a competitive advantage, keeping up with the speed of change, mitigating the risks of regulatory fines, identifying new business opportunities, and remaining highly profitable. The decision-makers in these organisations should, additionally, be utilising big data to make good business decisions... , M.Com. (Business Management)
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Knowledge-mapping of blockchain technology applications for a banking institution

  • Authors: Sewpersadh, Natisha
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Blockchains (Databases) , Banks and banking , Bitcoin , Internet of things
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/403012 , uj:33752
  • Description: Abstract : Blockchain technology is a relatively new technology which provides many opportunities for knowledge-mapping. Blockchain technology is best described as a decentralised ledger system that stores information about transactions and uses digital currencies such as Bitcoin. The best possible utilisation of a new technology usually depends on how quickly people can develop and apply new knowledge of the technology. Knowledge is a key component to leverage the most useful features of any new technology. Moreover, it is crucial to know how to avoid the pitfalls of a new technology in order to develop solutions. This study’s unit of analysis is knowledge of blockchain technology, that is, the knowledge possessed by people operating in the banking industry. The banking industry is sternly regulated in all jurisdictions and employee know-how is a valuable resource. The recent wide dissemination of blockchain technology, the popularity of cryptocurrencies, and the Initial Coin Offering have contributed to the fact that financial institutions’ management underline the vast potential of blockchain technology in the financial industry. For example, large banks are conducting tests of decentralised asset technology and implementing decentralised ledger systems in business processes. Banks are investing in projects and start-ups that are developing blockchain-based solutions. Therefore, bank employees with know-how and prior experience with blockchain are essential to create blockchain solutions. The objective of this study is to map the existing know-how and identify knowledge gaps of blockchain technology know-how and its possible application in a South African Banking Institution (SABI). This is done through an analysis of knowledge of how the utilisation of blockchain technology changes the existing operations models of financial institutions. The research methodology consists of an inductive knowledge-mapping strategy and mixed-method approach. The quantitative data collection method involved gathering data via an online questionnaire sent to a purposive sample, namely, SABI’s clients, investors, experts, and individuals with the common denominator: Blockchain technology knowledge interest who had attended the Blockchain Africa Conference. The qualitative data collection method was an interview with individuals who had a specific technical knowledge of blockchain technology, with the common denominator: SABI blockchain knowledge group. iv The data analysis was sequential; the quantitative data analysis was followed by qualitative data analysis. The findings identify categories of knowledge that are needed to inform and build new blockchain technology-based operations models. Knowledge gaps were identified in the SABI. Based on the findings, the study conceptualises a knowledge map and develops a theory, namely: If the blockchain knowledge maps of financial institutions integrate knowledge across their Core Banking Application pillars, then the financial services industry will create an Internet of Value-Exchange advantage for everyone on the network. Further study is required in order to test this theory. A key recommendation is to perform knowledge-mapping of the Core Banking Application pillars as the next step of SABI’s knowledge maturity of blockchain technology. In conclusion, knowledge maturity of blockchain technology is essential to create an Internet of Value-Exchange advantage for everyone within the network. The mapping of knowledge provides a measurement of knowledge maturity. Blockchain technology provides many opportunities for knowledge-mapping. , M.Phil. (Information Management)
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African Banking Corporation of Botswana v Kariba Furniture Manufacturers (Pty) Ltd and others 2015 (5) SA 192 (SCA): a critical analysis of the interpretational glitches of the terms “binding offer” and “reasonable prospect”

African Banking Corporation of Botswana v Kariba Furniture Manufacturers & Others (228/2014) [2015] ZASCA 69 (20 May 2015) : a discussion of the meaning of the term “binding offer” in terms of section 153(1)(b)(ii) of the Companies Act

An appraisal of plain language in the South African banking sector

  • Authors: Cornelius, Eleanor
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Banks and banking , Legal documents , Law - Language
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/217311 , uj:21625 , Citation: Cornelius, E. 2016. An appraisal of plain language in the South African banking sector.
  • Description: Abstract: The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) came into full force in April 2011. An important corollary of this Act, and the National Credit Act (NCA) of 2005 as well, is the obligation that consumer documents must be in plain language. It has long been debated whether it is possible to make legal documents available in plain language for lay consumption. The aim of this study is to investigate the successes and failures of the plain language project five years after the CPA became operational. This study relies on data collected through focus group interviews with bank staff members in both language units and legal divisions. Findings indicate that, in general, both legal and language practitioners concur that legal documents can be simplified under certain conditions, although there is less consensus about the degree of simplification and the types of legal documents that can be simplified. Interviewees experience difficulty with vagueness of the plain language obligation. Findings also show that legal practitioners are concerned about prejudicing the legal status of documents and are reluctant to deviate from traditional styles of drafting...
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Estimation of loss given default for sovereign exposures

  • Authors: Breedt, Dirk Bezuidenhout
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Banks and banking , Financial risk management , Global Financial Crisis, 2008-2009
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/493202 , uj:45073
  • Description: Abstract: The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 illustrated the dependence of the overall stability of financial system and economy on the health of banks. Since banking is inherently risky, the ability to manage risk and associated exposures to losses plays an important role in the health of these banks. The financial crisis highlighted the shortcomings in risk management at banks which arguably contributed to the severity of the recession through the large losses resulting from the riskiness of loans and other investments... , M.Com. (Financial Economics)
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Knowledge sharing tools for a banking institution

  • Authors: Shezi, Guyborn Njabulo
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Knowledge management , Information services , Banks and banking
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237854 , uj:24378
  • Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: Banking institutions operate in a sector driven by knowledge as an essential commodity for attaining and retaining a competitive advantage in a highly competitive knowledge economy. This economy is characterised by constant disruptions. Knowledge creation and sharing are essential activities that share a dichotomous relationship needed in shaping the competitive edge of modern banking institutions. Modern business is often characterised by organisational restructurings that bring about a plethora of positive and negative consequences to operations, people and knowledge flow in an organisation. Managing the sharing of knowledge through employing relevant, useful knowledge sharing tools during periods of major restructuring and post restructuring poses a challenge to management. Management may not always have high levels of awareness of the importance of ensuring that knowledge sharing survives major organisational restructuring. Management has to ensure that knowledge sharing continues to play its pivotal role in accelerating the company’s journey of recovery from chaos and moving towards normality and high business performance. The journey of one company, a banking institution, was the focus of this study. A case study was done on the use of knowledge sharing tools in helping a banking institution thrive under different business conditions viz. a period of major restructure and a period that follows a major restructure. The purpose of the study was to make a contribution to modern literature on business management by elevating the essentiality of applying knowledge management by promoting knowledge sharing in a normal business operating climate as well as under turbulent conditions. The empirical study involved interviewing employees at a major banking institution with the aim of gaining insights in the essential variables that must be taken into account when managing knowledge sharing within a banking institution. A questionnaire was used to gather data for an analysis of multiple knowledge sharing tools for their perceived usefulness in fostering knowledge under different business conditions. Though this study was not based on generational theory, it became necessary to understand a generational view on how the various knowledge sharing tools are used in the workplace. The case study participants included employees falling within the baby boomer, generation X and generation Y categories...
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Enkele aspekte van die monetiseringsproblematiek van die huidige internasionale ekonomiese stelsel

Bank employees’ engagement with communities in corporate social responsibility initiatives

  • Authors: Penn, Vincent Cho , Penn, Vincent
  • Date: 2015-04-24
  • Subjects: Banks and banking , Bank employees , Social responsibility of business
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:13574 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13717
  • Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , In the course of firms serving their own interest of securing financial profit, there is a responsibility to take action in protecting and enhancing the interest of the society in which they operate, with the total endeavour and effect of improving the quality of life. This is often done by giving back to the society in the form of community involvement projects. The main objective of this study is:  To investigate the extent to which the value chain in employee volunteering - community involvement programmes is understood and fully optimised from these stakeholders‟ perspective. There were three types of respondent groups within the entire population of Choma, involved in this study. Firstly, there was a respondent group of five senior CSR managers at Choma who manage and co-ordinate all CSR activities within the bank. They have full knowledge of the scope of Choma CSR stated objectives and what is happening in the context of Choma CSI projects, and can thus give valuable insight to the Choma CSI projects‟ current state, including successes and challenges. Two CSR projects were selected by these senior CSR managers, where one was really outstanding and one was also completed, but not considered as valuable in attaining Choma CSR objectives as good as the first. The first group of respondents are members who were actively involved in Project 1 from Choma RBB operations, while the second group was involved in Project 2, from RBB Choma personal loans. Three employees were interviewed from each project. These projects were executed in two different communities leading to two additional respondent samples drawn from the two communities. Two community members were interviewed from each community. This provides three views of the research problem and a triangulation from three different sources of CSR value to a community. All interviews were face-to-face in the respective offices of the respondents by scheduled appointments.
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Debate and panel discussion on the corporate psychopath : he is perfect; don’t hire him – preventing the recruitment of psychopaths

Documentary collections as a method of payment in international sale transactions

The assessment of bank-risk in emerging markets

  • Authors: Els, Jacques Pierre
  • Date: 2014-09-15
  • Subjects: Macroeconomics , Banks and banking , Economic indicators
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:12278 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12064
  • Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Until mid-1997, South East Asia was regarded as among the most economically successful regions of all time. Growth forecasts were very positive and current account deficits were equally satisfying, Then, on July 2, 1997, the Thai Baht suffered severe devaluation and subsequently sparked the "East Asian crisis" (Zaaiman & King, 3). The crisis started in Thailand and soon spread to Indonesia, the Philippines, South Korea and eventually Malaysia. Everyone was still measuring the spill-over effects that the Asian crisis had on other emerging markets when another piece of alarming news made the headlines. Russia's. Rouble suffered devaluation during October 1998 - slightly more than a year after the East Asian crisis first emerged. Suddenly emerging market economies became a major cause of concern and banks, like many other industries, within emerging markets were viewed with equal pessimism. The above two crises were unfortunately not the end of what was perceived to be a world-wide emerging market crisis. During December 1998, Brazil's Minister of Finance and the country's Central Banker both resigned within a short period, again sending shock waves throughout emerging markets. This situation was reminiscent of the' Mexican Peso devaluation and the crisis that followed accordingly in emerging markets in the early 1990's.
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Comparative analysis of decentralised and centralised operating model in retail banking global transactional services

  • Authors: Mpala, Taurai Culbert , Chiloane, P. Thabo
  • Date: 2014-06-20
  • Subjects: Banks and banking , Decentralization in management
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:11558 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11265
  • Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , The Global Transactions Services (GTS) business unit was established alongside the Rand Merchant Bank (RMB) brand reporting into a Corporate and Investment Banking Board. GTS has been mandated to deliver global cash management, trade and custody services and account services to large corporates in the jurisdictions where FirstRand operates. Technology advances in centralising operating structures, have made it possible for GTS to centralise back office operations to a few locations within the country as witnessed by Global banks like Citigroup. The research problem therefore was to evaluate and identify the strengths as well as shortfalls of the current decentralised operating model versus a proposed approach towards a centralised operating model within the GTS business unit; focusing on investigating whether outsourcing IT operations and technology would create efficiencies, attract skilled employees and technological advancement to the division. Primary objective of the research was to evaluate the current decentralised operating model. Secondary objective was to evaluate the gains associated with implementing a central operating model against the gains currently derived from the decentralised operating model. The findings derived from the study suggest that: (i) There is a misalignment between the business strategy and IT strategy within the current operating model resulting in IT playing a supporting role and not an enabling role in the business strategy formulation and implementation. (ii) The bank does not engage in an on-going activity to evaluate processes, procedures and technology making it difficult to streamline and automate processes resulting in a lot of manual processing. (iii) The bank lacks the internal capabilities required to introduce automated processes which will reduce manual interventions; (iv) Existence of Silos in the business prevent the business from taking advantage of benefits brought about by economies of scale, cross skilling, knowledge sharing, straight through processing and ultimately economies of scope benefits
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The reliability of banks’ initial assessment of individuals’ credit applications

  • Authors: De Gama, Jason Samuel
  • Date: 2013-12-09
  • Subjects: Credit analysis , Bank management , Banks and banking
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:7825 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8719
  • Description: M.Comm. (Financial Management) , If the creditworthiness of applicants for overdraft facilities is assessed inaccurately, future defaults on repayment commitments may threaten the cash flow and profitability of the bank issuing the credit. The main purpose of this study is to assess how reliable the inputs used by one large South African bank to determine the creditworthiness of individual clients applying for overdraft facilities on personal current accounts are in predicting the future behaviour of the client. The findings of this study should inform the bank in question (and other credit providers) of the extent to which the original application-based score (OABS), is an accurate predictor of a client's future behaviour after the account is opened. It will also help them to identify which of those variables are the best predictors, and so reduce the risk of default. A quantitative research methodology is employed, using secondary data on individual applications processed at one large South African banking institution between July 2006 and July 2009. The data was used to establish whether any (and which) of the input variables captured by the bank when the client originally applies for credit, are strongly associated with the behavioural risk indicator (BRI) assigned to them after the first six months (BRI 1) and twelve months (BRI 2) after being granted a loan, respectively. The findings of this study revealed that non-financial characteristics (biographical and demographic information) are not considered in the OABS; while finance-related characteristics (segment, income bands, overdraft taken up category and overdraft taken up as a percentage of gross income categories) are. The study found that there is also an association between the OABS and the behavioural scores (BRI 1 and BRI 2) allocated thereafter. In particular, the number of days the client went into excess during the initial six and subsequent six months is strongly associated with the BRI 1 and BRI 2 scores. This finding implies that, despite the utilisation of non-financial measures to determine creditworthiness scores, a client’s current behaviour is still the best predictor of future behaviour. The study concluded that, despite its low predictive power, the OABS is, however, associated with, and to a certain extent predicts, the future behaviour of clients.
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A comparative analysis of the usefulness of fair value in measuring the financial instruments of South African banks

  • Authors: Jooste, Cilliers Johan Cornel
  • Date: 2012-07-04
  • Subjects: Financial instruments , Fair value , Banks and banking
  • Type: Mini-Dissertation
  • Identifier: uj:8785 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5143
  • Description: M.Comm. , The debate around the usefulness of fair value as a basis for measuring financial instruments has become increasingly topical and, in recent times, has attracted the attention of various market participants as a result of the global credit crisis which developed during 2007. The qualitative characteristics of relevance and reliability are central to any analysis regarding the usefulness of fair value as a financial instrument measurement basis. This study therefore investigates the relevance and reliability of the fair value measurements disclosed by the four largest South African banks in their 2008 annual financial statements in order to determine whether fair value is the most useful basis for measuring the majority of the financial instruments of South African banks. The financial instrument categories and fair value hierarchy defined in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are used to perform a content analysis on the 2008 annual financial statements of the banks included in the study, in order to conclude on the relevance and reliability, respectively, of the financial instrument fair values provided. Collectively, an analysis of the financial instrument categories applied and an investigation of the differences between the fair values and carrying values of financial instruments not measured at fair value suggest that fair value is not the most relevant basis for measuring the majority of the financial assets of all of the banks included in the study, and is also not the most relevant basis for measuring the majority of the financial liabilities of three of the four banks included in the study. Based on their fair value hierarchy classification, the fair values of the majority of both the financial assets and financial liabilities of the banks included in the study were not found to be reliable. Fair value was therefore not found to be the most useful basis for measuring the majority of the financial instruments of three of the four banks surveyed, while the findings for the fourth bank were inconclusive in this respect. Keywords: Fair value, financial instruments, usefulness, relevance, reliability
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Stakeholder perceptions of the relevance of corporate social responsibility policies and practices in the banking industry

  • Authors: Johnson, Darren Leslie
  • Date: 2012-06-05
  • Subjects: Banks and banking , Social responsibility of business
  • Type: Mini-Dissertation
  • Identifier: uj:2450 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4908
  • Description: M.Comm. , Organisations, such as the banks, have realised that it is important to be profitable while, at the same time, they need to be good corporate citizens. Banks have certain codes of practice to follow and, by investing in more than just their core business, they can improve on their corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability initiatives. These CSR and sustainability practices are used as a means of demonstrating to their stakeholders that they are taking pro-active measures to behave in a manner that is socially responsible and that they are making a contribution to mitigating the socio-political effects of South Africa‟s past. However, banks might be using their CSR endeavours as a means to improve their public image rather than engaging in actual corporate citizenship. The objective of the study was to investigate stakeholders‟ perception of the relevance of CSR policies and practices in each of South Africa‟s four largest banks.
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The role of internal marketing in building corporate reputation in South African retail banking, particularly ABSA

  • Authors: Mokgoatlheng, Jacob Elias
  • Date: 2012-06-05
  • Subjects: Banks and banking , Corporate image , Communication in organizations , ABSA Bank , Reputation
  • Type: Mini-Dissertation
  • Identifier: uj:2459 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4916
  • Description: M.Comm. , Many authors perceive corporate reputation as one of the important intangibles for organisations. It is therefore important that organisations manage corporate reputation effectively. There are several ways by which organisations can build and maintain corporate reputation. One such way is through using internal marketing. This study intends to explore the research problem that is presented in the form of a question. What is the role that internal marketing can play to help Absa as a retail bank in South Africa build its corporate reputation?
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Effectiveness of inward FDI from China into the South African banking sector

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