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A holistic group psychotherapeutic intervention for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and its comorobid depression and anxiety

  • Authors: Bush, Carol Margaret
  • Date: 2008-10-31T09:07:57Z
  • Subjects: Irritable colon patients , Treatment of irritable colon patients , Psychotherapy , Mental depression , Anxiety , Irritable colon research
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:13896 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1423
  • Description: M.A. , Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) can be described as a bodily idiom - a nonverbal language which may have its roots in unspeakable dilemmas (Griffiths & Griffiths, 1994). The splitting of languages and silencing of the body may be the soil in which such symptoms grow. Unutterable conflicts lead to the symptoms being trapped within the body until the body itself begins to "speak" (Griffiths & Griffiths, 1994). In essence, this study seeks to evaluate the effects of attaching language, feelings and awareness to these symptoms and communicating this with other IBS subjects within the group context. Psychiatric illness is often found in IBS health care seekers (Drossman & Thompson, 1992). The specific aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of a holistic short-term group intervention in the treatment of IBS with comorbid depression and anxiety. The sample consisted of 24 South African women who had been positively diagnosed with severe IBS by either a gastroenterologist or a general practitioner. Furthermore, each subject had to have associated moderate to severe depression and anxiety. Four questionnaires were utilised, namely the Biographical Questionnaire, the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Client Questionnaire, the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the Functional Bowel Disorder Severity Index (FBDSI). The Biographical Questionnaire mainly requested personal details and sought a family history of psychological disorders. The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Client Questionnaire, based on the standardised Rome Criteria (Drossman, 1994; Drossman, Zhiming, Toner, Creed, Thompson, Read et al., 1995; Talley, Phillips, Melton, Mulvihill, Wiltgen & Zinsmeister, 1989), verified a positive IBS diagnosis, while the Functional Bowel Disorder Severity Index rated the severity of the subject’s IBS. Lastly, the depression score was rated on the depression scale of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) and the anxiety score was rated on the anxiety scale of the PAI. The subjects were divided into two groups of twelve members each - Group 1 was the experimental group and Group 2 was the control group. The group design was a pre-test, post-test control group design where subjects in Group 1 (the experimental group) received group intervention and subjects in Group 2 (the control group) were placed on a waiting list and received no intervention. The subjects in the control group were offered individual therapy once the post-tests were completed. All the subjects completed the IBS Severity Index Questionnaire and the Depression and Anxiety subscales of the Personality Assessment Inventory before commencement of group therapy for Group 1 and again one month after completion of this intervention. The effect of the intervention was determined utilising comparative statistics with reference to the pre-test versus post-test scores. The t-test for the equality of means for between group variance was utilised for two analyses. Firstly, it was used to determine the variance regarding the pre-test scores between Group 1 (the experimental group – who received intervention) versus Group 2 (the control group – who received no intervention) (Hypothesis 1). Secondly, it was utilised to determine the between group variance in terms of the post-test scores for Group 1 (the experimental group) versus Group 2 (the control group) (Hypothesis 2). The paired samples t-test was also used for two analyses. Firstly, it was used to determine the within group variance regarding the pre-intervention test scores versus the post-intervention test scores for Group 1 (the experimental group)(Hypothesis 3). Secondly, the paired samples t-test was also utilised to determine if there were statistically significant differences in terms of the pre-test scores versus the post-test scores of Group 2 (the control group) who did not receive the intervention (Hypothesis 4). A short-term holistic group therapy model was applied based on the work of Broom (1997), Crafford (1985), Pretorius (1996) and Yalom (1970). The results of the study showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in the anxiety scores of Group 1 (the experimental group) after completion of the intervention when compared with Group 2 (the control group) who received no intervention. The within group depression and anxiety scores in the experimental group also revealed a statistically significant improvement after the intervention. However, the IBS symptom severity remained unchanged. Thus, it is concluded that holistic short-term group therapy is indicated in the treatment of severe IBS with comorbid depression and anxiety even if the IBS symptoms are unaltered. It is recommended that further research be conducted to ascertain whether holistic group therapy of a moderate duration (approximately eight to ten weeks) has a greater impact on the IBS symptom severity.
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Angs en depressie by antisosiale persoonlikheidsteurnisse

  • Authors: Van der Merwe, Gideon Johannes
  • Date: 2015-10-13
  • Subjects: Anxiety , Depression in children , Personality disorders
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:14294 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14753
  • Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , In contrast to the commonly accepted notion that persons with antisocial personality disorders ore characterised by a marked absence of anxiety and depression recent studies have indicated that anxiety and depression. might indeed be found amongst some antisocial personality disorders.Where resistance to psycho-therapeutic treatment was previously ascribed to the lack of anxiety and depression in the antisocial personality disorder, its presence ...
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Anxiety and temperament characteristics of competitive cricketers

  • Authors: Bath, Russell Paul
  • Date: 2010-11-22T10:05:20Z
  • Subjects: Cricket players , Anxiety , Temperament
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:7020 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3527
  • Description: M.A. , Sport in South Africa forms part of the fabric of our society. Unfortunately research into the psychology of sport has largely been overlooked in South Africa and where it has been applied it was based mainly on results arrived at in other countries. The development of future cricketers has enjoyed great success in both Australia and South Africa, with many current international cricketers having been through the respective Academies. The identification of future talent may be facilitated through the use of appropriate psychological interventions. The role of anxiety in sports has been much researched over the past four decades. There have been many theories advanced with regards the role that anxiety plays in effecting sporting performance. There is however a lack of research in a South African context. Foreign studies have found that anxiety (somatic) tends to follow an inverted-U and extremes of anxiety will negatively impact on performance. State anxiety has been found to enjoy an area or zone in which an atWetes performance is enhanced and outside of which performance is negatively effected. Research has found contradictory evidence as to the relationship between cognitive anxiety and performance. It is proposed that there is a negative relationship between the two. Research with regards to temperament has not been conducted in a cricketing context. The Iceberg Profile posits that there is a personality profile which identifies elite athletes. Studies have been conducted using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and have found that vigour, extraversion and the interest variable were significantly different between athletes and non-athletes. In order to establish whether there is a statistically significant difference in the levels of anxiety between successful and unsuccessful cricketers, three measuring instruments were used. The Revised NEG Personality Inventory, The Sport Competition Anxiety Test and the Profile of Mood States. Temperament differences were examined using the Revised NEG Personality Inventory and the Profile of Mood States. The two groups consisted of 20 male cricketers each. The successful group were all part of the 1999 Plascon Cricket Academy and the other cricketers were from non-premier league cricket sides. The study revealed that the successful group were significantly lower on the Neuroticism scale of the NEG PI-R and were less vulnerable to stress and anger than the unsuccessful group. The study also found that the successful cricketers were more extravert, had more energy, were more receptive to emotions and more sympathetic, less trusting and modest, more straightforward and had higher levels of aspiration than the unsuccessful cricketers. This supported some of the findings of the foreign studies. The Iceberg profile was not supported using the Profile of Mood States however, the fatigue sub-scale was found to be higher for the unsuccessful group. The Sport Competition Anxiety Test did not reveal significant results. A discussion of the results, limitations of the study and recommendations for future research follow this.
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Anxiety in orphaned adolescent learners in a South African secondary school: psychoeducational and social factors

  • Authors: Babedi, Mmamore Rebecca , Pillay, Jace
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Adolescent , Anxiety , Educational factors
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/407464 , uj:34299 , Citation: Babedi, M.R., Pillay, J. 2019: Anxiety in orphaned adolescent learners in a South African secondary school: psychoeducational and social factors.
  • Description: Abstract: This qualitative research study explored the psycho-educational and social factors that contribute to anxiety in orphaned adolescents in a secondary school in Welkom, Free State, South Africa. A multiple case-study design was used to collect data from eight adolescents (4 males and 4 females) aged between 11 and 14 years. The participants were purposefully selected from a mainstream secondary school in a sub-urban area in Welkom. Data was collected through individual and semi-structured interviews and supplemented with collages and a focus group discussion with the participants. The psychological findings indicated that the orphaned adolescents experienced anxiety concerning their own death as well as that of their significant others. From an educational perspective their anxiety was due to the negative attitude of their teachers. Furthermore, the social factors that contributed to their anxiety included economic survival, grieving according to cultural beliefs, and the isolation they experienced. Adopting a social ontogenesis theoretical perspective the authors provide guidelines for educational psychologists on what psychoeducational and social support interventions could be provided for orphaned adolescents.
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Body image and anxiety as prognostic indicators in rheumatoid arthritis

  • Authors: Lewitton, Bertha
  • Date: 2014-04-01
  • Subjects: Body image , Anxiety , Arthritis - Psychological aspects - Research - South Africa , Arthritis
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:4553 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9902
  • Description: M.A. (Clinical Psychology) , Rheumatoid arthritis, lithe great crippler" 1 has now established itself firmly in the category 'psychosomatic disease' and a psychosomatic approach is used when considering the aetiology of the disease and often the therapy and prognosis of the patient as well. The rehabilitation of the afflicted patient is the central concern of medical and para-medical personnel engaged in rheumatology. The patient's motivation for rehabilitation is generally considered to be the single most important factor affecting the rehabilitation process. The task of assessing this motivation falls to the psychologist...
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Die uitwerking van stresinokulasieopleiding op toetsangs en selfdoeltreffendheid

  • Authors: Van der Walt, Ruan von Moltke
  • Date: 2014-04-03
  • Subjects: Test anxiety , Anxiety , Performance - Measurement
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:4651 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9992
  • Description: M.A. (Industrial Psychology) , In reviewing current literature on the evaluation of people, it is clear that the effect of test anxiety accompanying the evaluation process may be detrimental to the individual's performance. In fact, this under achievement of apprentices doing trade tests have significant financial implications for both the individual and the organization concerned. Accordingly, to counteract this adverse effect, it has been recommended that the technique "Stress Inoculation Training" (SIT) be implemented - the end result being an improvement in the individuals' performance. Theoretical persepectives and alternative conceptual understandings of test anxiety are reviewed. In this respect an important development in the field of test anxiety treatment is research dealing with the reinforcement of the individual's ability to cope with stressful and problematic situations, for when test anxiety is reduced the person experiences a corresponding increase in self-efficacy. Self-efficacy plays an important role in a person's belief that he or she can perform to achieve a desired result. In addition, a high degree of self-efficacy has a strong motivational effect. It is suggested therefore, that learning experiences be so designed as to improve self-efficacy, perseverance and performance. This performance can be achieved by the skills taught in SIT. It is also stressed that SIT is a comprehensive approach for the control of stress-related problems.
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Die verband tussen angs en prestasie in takseersentrumdimensies.

  • Authors: Ehlers, E.J. , Roodt, G.
  • Date: 1996
  • Subjects: Anxiety , Performance , Assessment centre dimensions
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6295 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1044
  • Description: The relationship between anxiety and performance in assessment centre dimensions. This study is aimed at determining whether there is a relationship between Anxiety (Tension and Anxiety), as measured by the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire, and performance in assessment centre dimensions. The data set was collected from 145 white male candidates on entry and middle management level in an auditing firm in Gauteng. Ages of candidates varied from 24 to 35 years (x = 27,52; sd = 6,33). By using regression analyses it was found that Tension and Anxiety mainly show a negative relationship with the so-called interpersonal behaviour dimensions, such as Perseverance, Eogical and persuasive reasoning ability, and Perceived leadership image. The multiple analyses of variance (MANOVAS) for the low, middle and high tension groups and low, middle and high anxiety groups revealed no statistically significant differences in respect of the assessment centre dimensions as a whole. Implications of the findings are discussed in the article.
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Die verband tussen angs en prestasie-aspirasie

Die verband tussen sekere psigo-sosiale faktore en angs by daggarokers

Differential item functioning of the CESDR-R and GAD-7 in African and white working adults

Job resources as moderators of the relationship between job demands and well-being

  • Authors: Claassens, Hilana
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Employees - Mental health , Well-being , Quality of work life , Anxiety , Depression, Mental , Locus of control , Burn out (Psychology)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/282937 , uj:30498
  • Description: Abstract: Depression and anxiety are considered two of the most common mental health issues in the workplace. Mental ill health is felt widely by the employee, employer and the economy and therefore the promotion of mental health is crucial. Two personality factors, namely sense of coherence and locus of control seem to improve mental health. The theoretical framework of this study was based on the Job-Demands Resources Model, however, instead of job demands and resources, personal demands and resources, were added and operationalised. Depresssion and anxiety were operationalised as personal demands, and sense of coherence and locus of control as personal resources. The aim of this study was to determine significant relationships among the study variables (depression, anxiety, locus of control, sense of coherence, work engagement and burnout). The second aim was to establish whether locus of control and sense of coherence (personal resources) played a moderating role in the relationship between anxiety and depression (personal demands) on the one hand, and work engagement and burnout (organisational health outcomes) on the other. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was utilised and data was obtained from accessible adults in various workplaces and industries across South Africa (N=346). The findings showed that there are significant main effects for locus of control on work engagement and burnout, and sense of coherence on work engagement and burnout. Direct effects were also found for anxiety and depression, who both had significant direct effects on work engagement and burnout. The results however indicated that neither locus of control, nor sense of coherence acted as a moderator between depression and work engagement, depression and burnout, anxiety and work engagement, or between anxiety and burnout. , M.Com. (Industrial Psychology)
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Negatiewe faalangs by leerlinge in die sekondêre skoolfase

Positiewe faalangs by leerlinge in die sekondêre skoolfase

  • Authors: Hart, Ronald John.
  • Date: 2014-08-18
  • Subjects: Test anxiety , Anxiety , Achievement motivation , Educational psychology , Motivation (Psychology)
  • Type: Thesis
  • Identifier: uj:12066 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11814
  • Description: M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) , A great amount of research has been done concerning the influence of debilitating anxiety in relation to performance and achievement motivation of students and pupils. Whilst attention has been focused on the negative aspects of anxiety and fear of failure, indications are found in the research literature that a certain level of anxiety may facilitate the performance and achievement motivation of pupils and students in evaluative and achievement situations. This study forms part of the project "Learning Motivation", which is an interdisciplinary project undertaken by the departments of Education and Psychology. In this research an attempt has been made to analyse the construct of positive fear of failure and to place it within a nomological frame of reference insofar as it pertains to the performance and achievement motivation of pupils in the secondary school phase. Correlational studies were undertaken to determine the relationship between positive fear of failure (facilitating anxiety), achievement motivation, performance and negative fear of failure (debilitating anxiety).
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The personality profile of police recruits who are high on anxiety.

  • Authors: Van Jaarsveld, B. , Schepers, J.M.
  • Date: 2007
  • Subjects: Personality profile , Neurotisism , External control , Agreeableness , Post-traumatic stress disorder , Anxiety , Logistic regression
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:6403 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1170
  • Description: The principal objective of the study was to determine the personality profile of police recruits who are high on anxiety. A secondary objective was to determine whether there are gender and ethnic differences in the levels of anxiety of those police recruits. To investigate the stated objectives the NEO Personality Inventory, Locus of Control Inventory and the IPAT Anxiety Scale were applied to 487 police recruits. Complete records were obtained for 259 participants. In comparing the personality profiles of participants who are high on anxiety and those who are low, it turned out that the biggest differences were in respect of Neuroticism, External Locus of Control and Agreeableness.
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Validation of the depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21) in a non-clinical sample of South African working adults

  • Authors: Dreyer, Zonica , Henn, Carolina , Hill, Carin
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Depression , Anxiety , Stress
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/396798 , uj:32954 , Citation: Dreyer, Z. & Hill, C. 2019. Validation of the depression anxiety stress scale-21 (DASS-21) in a non-clinical sample of South African working adults.
  • Description: Abstract: This study investigated the psychometric properties of the DASS-21 in a non-clinical sample of working people. Working South African persons (N = 269; females = 62%; mean age = 33, SD = 11.5) completed the Depression and Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), as well as the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7). Results following Confirmatory Factor Analysis and correlational analysis yielded a three-factor structure (depression, anxiety and stress) for the DASS-21. The evidence for discriminant and convergent validity was strong found as were good reliabilities for the overall scale as well as the subscales. The DASS-21 appears a valid and reliable instrument for measuring depression, anxiety and stress in the workplace. Future studies should investigate differential item functioning and equivalence of items among South African working populations.
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