Factors that matter for financial inclusion: Evidence from Sub-Sharan Africa - The Zimbabwe case
- Authors: Mhlanga, David
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Agricultural sector , Factors , Financial inclusion
- Language: Language
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/488753 , uj:44537 , DOI: https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0152 , Citation: Mhlanga, D., 2021. Factors that matter for financial inclusion: Evidence from Sub-Sharan Africa - The Zimbabwe case. , E-ISSN 2281-4612
- Description: Abstract: The study intended to investigate the factors that are important in influencing the financial inclusion of smallholder farming households in Sub-Saharan Africa with a specific focus on Zimbabwe. Motivated by the fact that there is an increase in the evidence of the importance of financial inclusion in fighting poverty and the fact that by merely having a bank account, financial inclusion cannot be guaranteed, the study went further to interrogate factors that influence smallholder farmers to have a transaction account, to borrow and to have insurance. Since the dependent variable of financial inclusion had more than two categories, with three unordered categories, transaction account, savings/credit account, and insurance, the multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the determinants of financial inclusion from these three categories of the dependent variable. The multinomial logit model results, with insurance as the reference category, indicated that the size of the household, transaction costs, gender and agricultural extension service were the factors influencing the demand for a household to open a transaction account. On the other hand, off-farm income and age of the household were the only two factors significantly influencing households to borrow. Therefore, it is imperative for, the government of Zimbabwe to come up with more policies that encourage farmers to participate in the formal financial market as financial inclusion can help to fight poverty and the general developments of societies.
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Financialised agrarian primitive accumulation in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Mhlanga, David , Ndhlovu, Emmanuel
- Date: 2021
- Subjects: Agricultural sector , New dispensation regime , Peasants
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/488733 , uj:44534 , Citation: Mhlanga, D. and Ndhlovu, E., 2021. Financialised Agrarian Primitive Accumulation in Zimbabwe. African Renaissance, 18(3), pp.185-207.
- Description: Abstract: The departure of Robert Mugabe whose 37-year authoritarian rule was ended by a military coup in November 2017 was accompanied by celebrations and much optimism. The emergent ‘new dispensation’ led by President Emmerson Mnangagwa promised an end to authoritarian rule, despotism, a cartelised and patronage-based economy, and economic malpractices to revive the battered economy. Agriculture would remain one of the key economic sectors with Zimbabweans themselves as the cornerstone and the strongest pillar to build a strong and sustainable economy. However, a qualitative review of land discourses and policy practices reveal the contrary. Predicated on secondary sources, and based on a discourse analysis, this article shows how the new regime has abandoned its promises and relaxed policies, thereby easing investment conditions for monopoly finance capital which now engages in financialised agrarian primitive accumulation. The result has been forcing production models for peasants, livelihoods and tenure insecurity, impending peasant displacements, and a sustained cartelised and patronage-based economy and politics reminiscent of the Mugabe era.
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