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Environmental and socioeconomic impact of copper slag : A review

  • Authors: Gabasiane, Tlotlo Solomon , Dahna, Gwiranai , Mamvura, Tirivaviri A. , Mashifana, Tebogo , Dzinomwa, Godfrey
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Copper slag , Mineralogy , Heavy metal
  • Language: English
  • Type: Journal article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/494503 , uj:44875 , Citation: Gabasiane, T.S.; Danha, G.; Mamvura, T.A.; Mashifana, T.; Dzinomwa, G. Environmental and Socioeconomic Impact of Copper Slag—A Review. Crystals 2021, 11, 1504. https://doi.org/10.3390/ cryst11121504
  • Description: Abstract: Copper slag is generated when copper and nickel ores are recovered from their parent ores using a pyrometallurgical process, and these ores usually contain other elements which include iron, cobalt, silica, and alumina. Slag is a major problem in the metallurgical industries as it is dumped into heaps which have accumulated into millions of tons over the years. Moreover, they pose a danger to the environment as they occupy vacant land (space problems). Over the past few years, studies have been conducted to investigate the copper slag-producing outlets to learn their behavior, as well as properties of slag, to have the knowledge of how to better reuse and recycle copper slag. This review article provides the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of slag, as well as a characterization of copper slag, with the aim of reusing and recycling the slag to benefit the environment and economy. Recycling methods are considered an attractive technological pathway for reducing waste and greenhouse gas emissions, as well as promoting the concept of circular economy through the utilization of waste. These metal elements have value depending on their characteristics; hence, copper slag is considered as a secondary source of valuable metals. Some of the pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processes to consider are physical separation, magnetic separation, flotation, leaching, and direct reduction roasting of iron (DRI). Some of the possible metals that can be recovered from the copper slag include Cu, Fe, Ni, Co, and Ag (precious metals).
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Characterization of Botswana coal from two coal fields : Mabesekwa and Mmamabula to determine its coal rank

Integrated and consolidated review of plastic waste management and bio-based biodegradable plastics : challenges and opportunities

A review of plastic waste management practices: What can South Africa learn?

The development of a Waste Tyre Pyrolysis production plant business model for the Gauteng Region, South Africa

  • Authors: Nkosi, Nhlanhla , Muzenda, Edison , Mamvura, Tirivaviri A. , Belaid, Mohamed , Patel, Bilal
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Batch pyrolysis , Business model , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/457906 , uj:40651 , Nhlanhla, N., et al.: The development of a Waste Tyre Pyrolysis production plant business model for the Gauteng Region, South Africa.
  • Description: Abstract: Some of today’s modern life challenges include addressing the increased waste generation and energy deficiencies. Waste tyres have been identified as one of the key environmental concerns due to their non-biodegradable nature and bulk storage space demand. Pyrolysis is a thermochemical process with the potential to address the growing waste tyre problem, energy deficits, and material recovery by converting waste tyres to pyrolysis oil that can be used as a fuel. This study seeks to critically evaluate the feasibility of constructing and operating a waste tyre processing facility and then subsequently marketing and selling the pyrolysis secondary end products by developing a financial business model. The model encompasses costing, procurement, installation, commissioning, and operating a batch pyrolysis plant in Gauteng, South Africa. To achieve the study objectives, an order of magnitude costing method was used for model construction. The results showed the feasibility and sustainability of operating a 3.5 tonne per day batch waste tyre pyrolysis plant in Gauteng Province, South Africa, with a 15-year life span and a projected payback period of approximately 5 years. It was concluded that for the pyrolysis plant to be successful, further treatment steps are required to improve the process economics; also, a stable and sustainable product market should exist and be regulated in South Africa.
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