Factors influencing the success and failure of small and medium-sized enterprises in Tembisa township, South Africa
- Mngadi Bhila, Thobile Yvonne
- Authors: Mngadi Bhila, Thobile Yvonne
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Small business - South Africa - Gauteng - Management , Sustainable development , Industrial management - South Africa - Gauteng
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/269890 , uj:28677
- Description: M.Tech. (Operations Management) , Abstract: The overall purpose of the study was to investigate and establish some of the motivating factors responsible for the failure or success of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Township of Tembisa. A secondary purpose that follows on the first one is to establish to what extent management skills and training skills have an influence on the success or failure of small businesses in Tembisa. The study identified and outlined the business and management skills required for the management of small enterprises in the township of Tembisa. The primary objective of the study is to identify those managerial and business skills that have contributed to the success and or survival of small enterprises. The population for the study was made up of SMEs in Tembisa, which were identified from the overall population of Tembisa Township small business enterprises. The study used a quantitative research method, and questionnaires were completed by 160 small business owners in Tembisa Township. The investigation revealed that it is important for small business owners to have financial management, marketing, time management, technical and interpersonal communication skills to bring success in the business. It was also discovered that small business owners had challenges in accessing credit facilities from financial institutions and individuals. The researcher strongly recommends that those aspiring small business owners must improve on their management skills, attend workshops and seminars in business management in order to reduce the risk of failure. It is also important that financial institutions extend credit facilities to small businesses to support their initiatives.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mngadi Bhila, Thobile Yvonne
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Small business - South Africa - Gauteng - Management , Sustainable development , Industrial management - South Africa - Gauteng
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/269890 , uj:28677
- Description: M.Tech. (Operations Management) , Abstract: The overall purpose of the study was to investigate and establish some of the motivating factors responsible for the failure or success of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Township of Tembisa. A secondary purpose that follows on the first one is to establish to what extent management skills and training skills have an influence on the success or failure of small businesses in Tembisa. The study identified and outlined the business and management skills required for the management of small enterprises in the township of Tembisa. The primary objective of the study is to identify those managerial and business skills that have contributed to the success and or survival of small enterprises. The population for the study was made up of SMEs in Tembisa, which were identified from the overall population of Tembisa Township small business enterprises. The study used a quantitative research method, and questionnaires were completed by 160 small business owners in Tembisa Township. The investigation revealed that it is important for small business owners to have financial management, marketing, time management, technical and interpersonal communication skills to bring success in the business. It was also discovered that small business owners had challenges in accessing credit facilities from financial institutions and individuals. The researcher strongly recommends that those aspiring small business owners must improve on their management skills, attend workshops and seminars in business management in order to reduce the risk of failure. It is also important that financial institutions extend credit facilities to small businesses to support their initiatives.
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Review of the application of nanotechnology for sustainable construction materials
- Oke, Ayodeji, Aigbavboa, Clinton, Semenya, Kgothatso
- Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Semenya, Kgothatso
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nanotechnology , Sustainable construction , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/388219 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246036 , uj:25496 , Citation: Oke, A., Aigbavboa, C. & Semenya, K. 2017. Review of the application of nanotechnology for sustainable construction materials. Advances in Engineering Research (AER), volume 102 364 Second International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Structural Engineering (ICMMSE 2017)
- Description: Abstract: The construction industry is one of the major contributors to the economy development of any country, hence, the need to investigate new technological ways that will ensure the growth and development of the industry. Using existing literature materials, the adoption of nanotechnology as a technological method for construction materials were examined. It was observed that the adoption of nanotechnology can aid new building typologies and opportunities for sustainable use of construction materials for the achievement of sustainable developments in architecture, engineering and construction projects.
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- Authors: Oke, Ayodeji , Aigbavboa, Clinton , Semenya, Kgothatso
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Nanotechnology , Sustainable construction , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/388219 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/246036 , uj:25496 , Citation: Oke, A., Aigbavboa, C. & Semenya, K. 2017. Review of the application of nanotechnology for sustainable construction materials. Advances in Engineering Research (AER), volume 102 364 Second International Conference on Mechanics, Materials and Structural Engineering (ICMMSE 2017)
- Description: Abstract: The construction industry is one of the major contributors to the economy development of any country, hence, the need to investigate new technological ways that will ensure the growth and development of the industry. Using existing literature materials, the adoption of nanotechnology as a technological method for construction materials were examined. It was observed that the adoption of nanotechnology can aid new building typologies and opportunities for sustainable use of construction materials for the achievement of sustainable developments in architecture, engineering and construction projects.
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The effectiveness of strategic management intervention in developing profitable high growth African businesses
- Kaija, Godfrey, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Authors: Kaija, Godfrey , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Strategic planning , Business enterprises , Small business - Economic aspects , Small business - Management , Sustainable development , Human capital
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/235963 , uj:24141 , Citation: Kaija, G. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2017. The effectiveness of strategic management intervention in developing profitable high growth African businesses.
- Description: Abstract: The objective of the research was to determine how the the strategic management intervention of the African Management Services Company (AMSCO) has contributed to improved profitability, growth and sustainability of businesses in African countries. Businesses ranging from very small to multinational subsidiaries that were involved in a three year AMSCO intervention were selected to participate in the study. Self-administered questionnaires as well financial and other records and documents of 55 participating businesses resulted in the findings that the intervention, especially with the placement of the AMSCO managers, was instrumental in successfully transferring business and management skills to local employees within these enterprises and organisations. During and after the intervention the profitability, growth, sustainability, employment numbers and retention of the majority of the businesses increased and training became a norm.
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- Authors: Kaija, Godfrey , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Strategic planning , Business enterprises , Small business - Economic aspects , Small business - Management , Sustainable development , Human capital
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/235963 , uj:24141 , Citation: Kaija, G. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2017. The effectiveness of strategic management intervention in developing profitable high growth African businesses.
- Description: Abstract: The objective of the research was to determine how the the strategic management intervention of the African Management Services Company (AMSCO) has contributed to improved profitability, growth and sustainability of businesses in African countries. Businesses ranging from very small to multinational subsidiaries that were involved in a three year AMSCO intervention were selected to participate in the study. Self-administered questionnaires as well financial and other records and documents of 55 participating businesses resulted in the findings that the intervention, especially with the placement of the AMSCO managers, was instrumental in successfully transferring business and management skills to local employees within these enterprises and organisations. During and after the intervention the profitability, growth, sustainability, employment numbers and retention of the majority of the businesses increased and training became a norm.
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The role of government in the implementation of sustainable development initiatives by adventure tourism SMMEs in South Africa : an exploratory inquiry
- Chiliya, Norman, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile, Groenewald, Darelle
- Authors: Chiliya, Norman , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile , Groenewald, Darelle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sustainable development , Small business , Business performance
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/240462 , uj:24736 , Citation: Chiliya, N., Nieuwenhuizen, C. & Groenewald, D. 2017. The role of government in the implementation of sustainable development initiatives by adventure tourism SMMEs in South Africa : an exploratory inquiry.
- Description: Abstract: Sustainable development suggests that there are restrictions to the obtainability of ecological resources and the planet to engage human activities. Limited South African research exists in the field of sustainable development in adventure tourism SMMEs especially the role of Government in terms of implementation of sustainable development initiatives. A structured questionnaire was administered via email and hard copies. A total of 105 usable responses were received. Government, business associations and certification bodies have unrelated methods for evaluating sustainability issues. The tourism sector is overwhelmed with initiatives and certifications intended at facilitation and adoption of sustainable development practices. This adds to the confusion that entrepreneurs face when it comes to choosing an appropriate tool. There is consensus that entrepreneurs want to develop their sustainability knowledge base. It is recommended that the different institutions or actors in the arena of sustainable development should make information on sustainable development easily available. The SMMEs also indicated that the legislative framework affecting small businesses should be improved. The government, should award rebates to SMMEs for implementing sustainable development initiatives. Alternative funding for implementing sustainable development initiatives should also be established.
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- Authors: Chiliya, Norman , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile , Groenewald, Darelle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sustainable development , Small business , Business performance
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/240462 , uj:24736 , Citation: Chiliya, N., Nieuwenhuizen, C. & Groenewald, D. 2017. The role of government in the implementation of sustainable development initiatives by adventure tourism SMMEs in South Africa : an exploratory inquiry.
- Description: Abstract: Sustainable development suggests that there are restrictions to the obtainability of ecological resources and the planet to engage human activities. Limited South African research exists in the field of sustainable development in adventure tourism SMMEs especially the role of Government in terms of implementation of sustainable development initiatives. A structured questionnaire was administered via email and hard copies. A total of 105 usable responses were received. Government, business associations and certification bodies have unrelated methods for evaluating sustainability issues. The tourism sector is overwhelmed with initiatives and certifications intended at facilitation and adoption of sustainable development practices. This adds to the confusion that entrepreneurs face when it comes to choosing an appropriate tool. There is consensus that entrepreneurs want to develop their sustainability knowledge base. It is recommended that the different institutions or actors in the arena of sustainable development should make information on sustainable development easily available. The SMMEs also indicated that the legislative framework affecting small businesses should be improved. The government, should award rebates to SMMEs for implementing sustainable development initiatives. Alternative funding for implementing sustainable development initiatives should also be established.
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The variables influencing developmental local governance to promote sustainable communities and cities in South Africa
- De Wet, Martha Maria Marthina
- Authors: De Wet, Martha Maria Marthina
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sustainable development , Sustainable urban development , Local government - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Cities and towns - Growth
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/272071 , uj:28949
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. , Abstract: The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the nature and problems for developmental local governance to promote the sustainability of communities and cities in metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. Undeniably, urban governance has far-reaching consequences for local governance because urban population will continue to grow over time. Importantly, migration to urban areas can be expected to skyrocket as economies grow and cities provide more opportunities for the landless poor in the hope of finding employment. According to the National Development Plan (NDP) (National Planning Commission (NPC) 2012:260), “by 2030 South Africa should observe meaningful and measureable progress in reviving rural areas and in creating more functionally integrated, balanced and vibrant urban settlements”. The dual guiding research question of the thesis encapsulated the problem: What is the essence of the nature and challenges of good developmental urban local governance and how can innovative strategies promote the sustainable development of communities and cities in South Africa? The thesis provided a broad systematic conceptualization and contextualization of developmental and sustainable good local governance, urban resilience, new city governance and ‘smart cities’, the regulatory and institutional framework defining and regulating local governance and the theories and theoretical approaches underpinning developmental and sustainable local/urban governance. The emphasis of the thesis is placed on the functioning, problems, challenges and pressures of the sphere urban of local governance (within its constituent structures i.e. metropolitan municipalities) within given regulatory and structural parameters. This enquiry is premised on the view that in studying urban governance and implementation in general, and in South Africa in particular, specific factors, and structural and regulatory parameters have a profound effect on the sustainability of metros that should be taken into account. In the light of the above argument, the overarching perspective in which this study was grounded was that of a documentary and conceptual analysis using qualitative research techniques to explore and analyse the specific requirements that are set for the service delivery needs of the citizens in...
- Full Text:
- Authors: De Wet, Martha Maria Marthina
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Sustainable development , Sustainable urban development , Local government - South Africa , Municipal government - South Africa , Cities and towns - Growth
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/272071 , uj:28949
- Description: D.Litt. et Phil. , Abstract: The aim of this study was to gain an understanding of the nature and problems for developmental local governance to promote the sustainability of communities and cities in metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. Undeniably, urban governance has far-reaching consequences for local governance because urban population will continue to grow over time. Importantly, migration to urban areas can be expected to skyrocket as economies grow and cities provide more opportunities for the landless poor in the hope of finding employment. According to the National Development Plan (NDP) (National Planning Commission (NPC) 2012:260), “by 2030 South Africa should observe meaningful and measureable progress in reviving rural areas and in creating more functionally integrated, balanced and vibrant urban settlements”. The dual guiding research question of the thesis encapsulated the problem: What is the essence of the nature and challenges of good developmental urban local governance and how can innovative strategies promote the sustainable development of communities and cities in South Africa? The thesis provided a broad systematic conceptualization and contextualization of developmental and sustainable good local governance, urban resilience, new city governance and ‘smart cities’, the regulatory and institutional framework defining and regulating local governance and the theories and theoretical approaches underpinning developmental and sustainable local/urban governance. The emphasis of the thesis is placed on the functioning, problems, challenges and pressures of the sphere urban of local governance (within its constituent structures i.e. metropolitan municipalities) within given regulatory and structural parameters. This enquiry is premised on the view that in studying urban governance and implementation in general, and in South Africa in particular, specific factors, and structural and regulatory parameters have a profound effect on the sustainability of metros that should be taken into account. In the light of the above argument, the overarching perspective in which this study was grounded was that of a documentary and conceptual analysis using qualitative research techniques to explore and analyse the specific requirements that are set for the service delivery needs of the citizens in...
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Implementation of a science-action partnership to manage a threatened ecosystem in an urban context
- Musakwa, Walteressica, Rouget, Mathieu, Musakwa, Walter, Smit, A.J., Slotow, Rob, Roberts, D., Boon, R., Douwes, E., O'Donoghue, S., Downs, C.T., Murkherjee, Shomen, Mwabvu, Tarombera, Odindi, John, Odindo, Alfred, Prochess, Serban, Ramdhani, Syd, Murkherjee, J.Ray, Naidoo , S., Schoeman, M.C., Wale, Edilegnaw, Willows-Munro, S.
- Authors: Musakwa, Walteressica , Rouget, Mathieu , Musakwa, Walter , Smit, A.J. , Slotow, Rob , Roberts, D. , Boon, R. , Douwes, E. , O'Donoghue, S. , Downs, C.T. , Murkherjee, Shomen , Mwabvu, Tarombera , Odindi, John , Odindo, Alfred , Prochess, Serban , Ramdhani, Syd , Murkherjee, J.Ray , Naidoo , S. , Schoeman, M.C. , Wale, Edilegnaw , Willows-Munro, S.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Mutanga, O. , Land use planning , Biodiversity conservation , Environmental management , Climate change adaptation , Sustainable development , Transdisciplinary research
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/94012 , uj:20419 , Citation: Musakwa, W. et al. 2016. Implementation of a science-action partnership to manage a threatened ecosystem in an urban context.
- Description: Abstract: The gap between scientific knowledge and implementation of such knowledge in the fields of biodiversity conservation, environmental management and climate change adaptation, is widely recognized. The state of knowledge of urban ecosystems is generally quite poor, and there is a shortage of human capacity to implement scientifically-sound management practices at the local level, especially within institutions having the mandate of regulating land use planning. The need to bridge the science-action gap to improve decision-making for local land use planning and management, and thereby reduce the impacts of urbanization on ecosystems, has been recognized by eThekwini Municipality in the city of Durban, South Africa...
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- Authors: Musakwa, Walteressica , Rouget, Mathieu , Musakwa, Walter , Smit, A.J. , Slotow, Rob , Roberts, D. , Boon, R. , Douwes, E. , O'Donoghue, S. , Downs, C.T. , Murkherjee, Shomen , Mwabvu, Tarombera , Odindi, John , Odindo, Alfred , Prochess, Serban , Ramdhani, Syd , Murkherjee, J.Ray , Naidoo , S. , Schoeman, M.C. , Wale, Edilegnaw , Willows-Munro, S.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Mutanga, O. , Land use planning , Biodiversity conservation , Environmental management , Climate change adaptation , Sustainable development , Transdisciplinary research
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/94012 , uj:20419 , Citation: Musakwa, W. et al. 2016. Implementation of a science-action partnership to manage a threatened ecosystem in an urban context.
- Description: Abstract: The gap between scientific knowledge and implementation of such knowledge in the fields of biodiversity conservation, environmental management and climate change adaptation, is widely recognized. The state of knowledge of urban ecosystems is generally quite poor, and there is a shortage of human capacity to implement scientifically-sound management practices at the local level, especially within institutions having the mandate of regulating land use planning. The need to bridge the science-action gap to improve decision-making for local land use planning and management, and thereby reduce the impacts of urbanization on ecosystems, has been recognized by eThekwini Municipality in the city of Durban, South Africa...
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Municipal solid waste from landfills a solution to energy crisis in South Africa
- Authors: Dada, O.R. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Biogas , Landfill , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/215015 , uj:21353 , Citation: Dada, O.R & Mbohwa, C. 2016. Municipal solid waste from landfills a solution to energy crisis in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: There is a growing interest in the management of municipal solid waste globally, and South Africa is also not relenting in its effort to turning wastes from landfill into resourceful materials or energy because of the environmental issues and job opportunities that arises from the wastes generated from household to industrial by-products. Due to the escalating increase in the cost of dumping wastes into landfills and depletion of land spaces despite the popular global campaign of waste reduction, re-use and recycling there is still a rapid increase in the tonnage of wastes that is being produced on daily basis from all works of life which results in huge quantity of waste that is disposed to landfills. This calls for an urgent need to look into possible ways of managing wastes better in such a manner that it contributes and promotes sustainable socio - economic development of the nation. This research paper focuses on the type of waste generated from the City of Johannesburg, the potential biomethane that could be produced from the organic wastes, waste collection methods around the city before disposal on landfills within the City of Johannesburg and investigation of energy generation from waste as a better waste management technique. Robinson deep landfill which is one of the biggest landfill site within the city in terms of capacity is located in the South of Johannesburg. This landfill is a potential site for the establishment of a biogas plant where landfill wastes is expected to be used as feedstocks for the production of biogas. The biogas produced will be further upgraded to biomethane for powering the City of Johannesburg metro buses.
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- Authors: Dada, O.R. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Biogas , Landfill , Sustainable development
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/215015 , uj:21353 , Citation: Dada, O.R & Mbohwa, C. 2016. Municipal solid waste from landfills a solution to energy crisis in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: There is a growing interest in the management of municipal solid waste globally, and South Africa is also not relenting in its effort to turning wastes from landfill into resourceful materials or energy because of the environmental issues and job opportunities that arises from the wastes generated from household to industrial by-products. Due to the escalating increase in the cost of dumping wastes into landfills and depletion of land spaces despite the popular global campaign of waste reduction, re-use and recycling there is still a rapid increase in the tonnage of wastes that is being produced on daily basis from all works of life which results in huge quantity of waste that is disposed to landfills. This calls for an urgent need to look into possible ways of managing wastes better in such a manner that it contributes and promotes sustainable socio - economic development of the nation. This research paper focuses on the type of waste generated from the City of Johannesburg, the potential biomethane that could be produced from the organic wastes, waste collection methods around the city before disposal on landfills within the City of Johannesburg and investigation of energy generation from waste as a better waste management technique. Robinson deep landfill which is one of the biggest landfill site within the city in terms of capacity is located in the South of Johannesburg. This landfill is a potential site for the establishment of a biogas plant where landfill wastes is expected to be used as feedstocks for the production of biogas. The biogas produced will be further upgraded to biomethane for powering the City of Johannesburg metro buses.
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Strategic management intervention towards the transitioning of African enterprises into profitable and sustainable enterprises
- Authors: Kaija, Godfrey
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Strategic planning , Business enterprises , Small business - Economic aspects , Small business - Management , Sustainable development , Human capital
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237611 , uj:24348
- Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: As most African economies emerge from conflict, subsistence and most recently from the financial crisis, it has become apparent that enterprise is going to play a key role in aiding economic recovery and success. It should be appreciated that Africa as a continent has emerged post the conflict era with a big shortage of human capital. The objective of the research was to understand how the African Management Services Company (AMSCO) with the patronage of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the International Finance Corporation (IFC) the private arm of the World Bank and the African Development Bank (AfDB) has spearheaded the fight of the challenges of human capital development on the continent. The problem statement was that Enterprise is an important driver of growth in economies across Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and SMEs account for up to 90% of all enterprises in these markets. In southern African research, it is estimated that only 1% of new enterprises will make the transition to a successful established profitable enterprise (Fatoki 2014). This study aimed therefore to establish the relationship between strategic management interventions as well as the role these interventions play in helping transition selected enterprises into profitable and sustainable enterprises. The research study purposively sampled 100 enterprises that have benefited from a Strategic management intervention from AMSCO. It engaged the enterprise owners, and relevant business heads within the intervention process. The objectives of the study were geared towards analysing the process and ensuring that the results achieved during the AMSCO interventions had been properly executed and that the various SME’s that AMSCO set out to satisfy had been adequately served. The study achieved a response rate of 55% which offered credible and dependable information about AMSCO assisted enterprises. According to the findings, most of the respondents were males i.e. 74.5%, with only 23.6% of the respondents being females. The respondents indicated a high number of respondents within the age group of 36 – 55 years. The research found that the strategic management intervention by AMSCO especially with the placement of the AMSCO managers was instrumental in successfully transferring business and management skills within these enterprises and organisations. And after 3 years, many were turned into profitable and sustainable enterprises. A large percentage of respondents i.e. 70% indicated that after the intervention by AMSCO, training became a norm. With the seconded manager expected to pass on skills to the local staff.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kaija, Godfrey
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Strategic planning , Business enterprises , Small business - Economic aspects , Small business - Management , Sustainable development , Human capital
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237611 , uj:24348
- Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: As most African economies emerge from conflict, subsistence and most recently from the financial crisis, it has become apparent that enterprise is going to play a key role in aiding economic recovery and success. It should be appreciated that Africa as a continent has emerged post the conflict era with a big shortage of human capital. The objective of the research was to understand how the African Management Services Company (AMSCO) with the patronage of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the International Finance Corporation (IFC) the private arm of the World Bank and the African Development Bank (AfDB) has spearheaded the fight of the challenges of human capital development on the continent. The problem statement was that Enterprise is an important driver of growth in economies across Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and SMEs account for up to 90% of all enterprises in these markets. In southern African research, it is estimated that only 1% of new enterprises will make the transition to a successful established profitable enterprise (Fatoki 2014). This study aimed therefore to establish the relationship between strategic management interventions as well as the role these interventions play in helping transition selected enterprises into profitable and sustainable enterprises. The research study purposively sampled 100 enterprises that have benefited from a Strategic management intervention from AMSCO. It engaged the enterprise owners, and relevant business heads within the intervention process. The objectives of the study were geared towards analysing the process and ensuring that the results achieved during the AMSCO interventions had been properly executed and that the various SME’s that AMSCO set out to satisfy had been adequately served. The study achieved a response rate of 55% which offered credible and dependable information about AMSCO assisted enterprises. According to the findings, most of the respondents were males i.e. 74.5%, with only 23.6% of the respondents being females. The respondents indicated a high number of respondents within the age group of 36 – 55 years. The research found that the strategic management intervention by AMSCO especially with the placement of the AMSCO managers was instrumental in successfully transferring business and management skills within these enterprises and organisations. And after 3 years, many were turned into profitable and sustainable enterprises. A large percentage of respondents i.e. 70% indicated that after the intervention by AMSCO, training became a norm. With the seconded manager expected to pass on skills to the local staff.
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Innovation and networking in tourism for the competitiveness of the Western Cape regional tourism economy
- Authors: Booyens, Irma
- Date: 2015-07-02
- Subjects: Tourism - South Africa - Western Cape. , Tourism - South Africa - Western Cape - Management , Human Geography - South Africa - Western Cape , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13874
- Description: Ph.D. (Geography) , This research investigation straddles the disciplines of economic geography, innovation studies and tourism studies. In recent decades, services have outperformed manufacturing from an employment and output perspective in most advanced economies. This trend, associated with neoliberal restructuring, is also observable in emerging market economies like South Africa and regions like the Western Cape. Research on innovation in services has been limited in the international, as well as the local context. Innovation activity has significant implications for firm and destination competitiveness, as well as regional economic development. Policy makers, concerned with fostering innovation, are increasingly recognising the economic significance of tourism for economic development. In South Africa and the Western Cape, tourism is regarded as a key sector for job creation and growth. However, in South Africa innovation policy excludes tourism, whilst there is a limited understanding of tourism innovation evident in tourism policies. Therefore, tourism innovation, and related issues such as networking and regional competitiveness, needs to be understood better in the South African context to support evidence-based regional economic, tourism and innovation policies. The research confirms that the Schumpeterian notion of innovation is appropriate for measuring innovation in services and tourism. The European Community Innovation Survey questionnaire was adapted for a sector-specific survey of tourism firms in the Western Cape. In addition, qualitative interviews with firms on the establishment and corporate levels; as well as with tourism actors in the Western Cape tourism system, and with tourism experts, entrepreneurs and associations formed part of the empirical investigation. In total, 182 responses were obtained. It is determined that innovation by tourism firms is widespread in the Western Cape tourism economy. The incremental nature of innovation, however, is an outstanding feature in an emerging economy, global South, context. Evidence of product, marketing, environmental, organisational, process, structural and social innovations in tourism are identified. The identification of environmental, social and structural innovation in tourism contributes to the literature. This investigation contributes further by providing perspectives on innovation per tourism sub-sector.
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- Authors: Booyens, Irma
- Date: 2015-07-02
- Subjects: Tourism - South Africa - Western Cape. , Tourism - South Africa - Western Cape - Management , Human Geography - South Africa - Western Cape , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13680 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13874
- Description: Ph.D. (Geography) , This research investigation straddles the disciplines of economic geography, innovation studies and tourism studies. In recent decades, services have outperformed manufacturing from an employment and output perspective in most advanced economies. This trend, associated with neoliberal restructuring, is also observable in emerging market economies like South Africa and regions like the Western Cape. Research on innovation in services has been limited in the international, as well as the local context. Innovation activity has significant implications for firm and destination competitiveness, as well as regional economic development. Policy makers, concerned with fostering innovation, are increasingly recognising the economic significance of tourism for economic development. In South Africa and the Western Cape, tourism is regarded as a key sector for job creation and growth. However, in South Africa innovation policy excludes tourism, whilst there is a limited understanding of tourism innovation evident in tourism policies. Therefore, tourism innovation, and related issues such as networking and regional competitiveness, needs to be understood better in the South African context to support evidence-based regional economic, tourism and innovation policies. The research confirms that the Schumpeterian notion of innovation is appropriate for measuring innovation in services and tourism. The European Community Innovation Survey questionnaire was adapted for a sector-specific survey of tourism firms in the Western Cape. In addition, qualitative interviews with firms on the establishment and corporate levels; as well as with tourism actors in the Western Cape tourism system, and with tourism experts, entrepreneurs and associations formed part of the empirical investigation. In total, 182 responses were obtained. It is determined that innovation by tourism firms is widespread in the Western Cape tourism economy. The incremental nature of innovation, however, is an outstanding feature in an emerging economy, global South, context. Evidence of product, marketing, environmental, organisational, process, structural and social innovations in tourism are identified. The identification of environmental, social and structural innovation in tourism contributes to the literature. This investigation contributes further by providing perspectives on innovation per tourism sub-sector.
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Assessing the quality of basic assessment reports and the associated perspectives of environmental assessment practitioners in South Africa
- Authors: Wylie, Donna Kim
- Date: 2015-07-01
- Subjects: Environmental impact analysis - South Africa , Strategic planning - Environmental aspects - South Africa , Sustainable development , Environmental management - South Africa , Environmental policy - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/380893 , uj:13670 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13855
- Description: MSc. (Geography) , The South African National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) [NEMA] provides the 2010 EIA Regulations that describe the minimum requirements for environmental impact assessment (EIA). EIA is used as a tool to aid decisionmaking when evaluating development proposals for activities that are likely to have negative environmental impacts. Government Notice GNR. 543 of the 2010 EIA Regulations provides all the information pertaining to EIA and the specific steps required to conduct a Basic Assessment (BA). The study primarily focuses on activities conducted within or near Protected Areas (PAs) that do not require a full scoping EIA, and is comprised of two parts. Firstly, using a modified version of the South African adapted Lee and Colley (1992) Review Package, this dissertation presents the findings of an evaluation of the quality of 13 Basic Assessment Reports (BARs). Secondly, the study ascertained and analysed the opinions of those involved in the EIA process, namely environmental assessment practitioners (EAPs), on whether EIA is performing as originally intended. A questionnaire targeted at discerning respondents’ views on this was sent to eight individuals, of whom seven responded. The findings show that 92% of the BARs performed satisfactorily in terms of overall quality (achieving grades A to C, C being considered just satisfactory). Only 54% of the assessed BARs achieved A-B grades, leaving a high proportion of borderline BARs, a disturbing figure given the importance of PAs in South Africa for encouraging tourism, generating foreign currency and protecting biodiversity. Fifty seven percent (57%) of respondents expressed the view that legal provision for the EIA process in South Africa is adequate, that the 2010 Regulations have improved the EIA process, and that the EIA guidelines for environmental practitioners are readily available and easy to use.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Wylie, Donna Kim
- Date: 2015-07-01
- Subjects: Environmental impact analysis - South Africa , Strategic planning - Environmental aspects - South Africa , Sustainable development , Environmental management - South Africa , Environmental policy - South Africa
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/380893 , uj:13670 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13855
- Description: MSc. (Geography) , The South African National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) [NEMA] provides the 2010 EIA Regulations that describe the minimum requirements for environmental impact assessment (EIA). EIA is used as a tool to aid decisionmaking when evaluating development proposals for activities that are likely to have negative environmental impacts. Government Notice GNR. 543 of the 2010 EIA Regulations provides all the information pertaining to EIA and the specific steps required to conduct a Basic Assessment (BA). The study primarily focuses on activities conducted within or near Protected Areas (PAs) that do not require a full scoping EIA, and is comprised of two parts. Firstly, using a modified version of the South African adapted Lee and Colley (1992) Review Package, this dissertation presents the findings of an evaluation of the quality of 13 Basic Assessment Reports (BARs). Secondly, the study ascertained and analysed the opinions of those involved in the EIA process, namely environmental assessment practitioners (EAPs), on whether EIA is performing as originally intended. A questionnaire targeted at discerning respondents’ views on this was sent to eight individuals, of whom seven responded. The findings show that 92% of the BARs performed satisfactorily in terms of overall quality (achieving grades A to C, C being considered just satisfactory). Only 54% of the assessed BARs achieved A-B grades, leaving a high proportion of borderline BARs, a disturbing figure given the importance of PAs in South Africa for encouraging tourism, generating foreign currency and protecting biodiversity. Fifty seven percent (57%) of respondents expressed the view that legal provision for the EIA process in South Africa is adequate, that the 2010 Regulations have improved the EIA process, and that the EIA guidelines for environmental practitioners are readily available and easy to use.
- Full Text:
Design of an anaerobic biodigestion system utilizing the organic fraction of municipal solid waste for biogas production in an urban environment
- Authors: Kigozi, Robert
- Date: 2015-06-25
- Subjects: Sewage - Purification - Anaerobic treatment , Refuse and refuse disposal - Biodegradation , Biomass energy , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13796
- Description: M.Tech. (Chemical Engineering) , The design process was carried out in two stages: feedstock analysis and system design. Under feedstock analysis, the study investigated the amount of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) generated at the study area which was situated at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein Campus (UJ DFC) in downtown Johannesburg South Africa. Furthermore, the feedstock analyses involved characterisation studies on the target waste under which several laboratory tests were undertaken. The system design involved sizing of the suitable biogas digester to be used in the system applying mathematical models and feedstock parameters obtained from the feedstock analyses. Via the application of the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating (SMART) technique of multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as a decision support tool, the most preferred option of biogas plant model was selected from a list of potential alternatives available on the market. And, in addition, a suitable site around the study area was selected by applying the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique of MCDA. Other system components and accessories such as the piping, scrubbers and valves were sized, selected, integrated into the system and finally layout drawings were produced using Inventor computer aided drafting (CAD) Software. Furthermore, feasibility assessments were conducted on the proposed system such as energy usage assessments and economic analyses using the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) techniques...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kigozi, Robert
- Date: 2015-06-25
- Subjects: Sewage - Purification - Anaerobic treatment , Refuse and refuse disposal - Biodegradation , Biomass energy , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13613 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13796
- Description: M.Tech. (Chemical Engineering) , The design process was carried out in two stages: feedstock analysis and system design. Under feedstock analysis, the study investigated the amount of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) generated at the study area which was situated at the University of Johannesburg’s Doornfontein Campus (UJ DFC) in downtown Johannesburg South Africa. Furthermore, the feedstock analyses involved characterisation studies on the target waste under which several laboratory tests were undertaken. The system design involved sizing of the suitable biogas digester to be used in the system applying mathematical models and feedstock parameters obtained from the feedstock analyses. Via the application of the Simple Multi-Attribute Rating (SMART) technique of multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) as a decision support tool, the most preferred option of biogas plant model was selected from a list of potential alternatives available on the market. And, in addition, a suitable site around the study area was selected by applying the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique of MCDA. Other system components and accessories such as the piping, scrubbers and valves were sized, selected, integrated into the system and finally layout drawings were produced using Inventor computer aided drafting (CAD) Software. Furthermore, feasibility assessments were conducted on the proposed system such as energy usage assessments and economic analyses using the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and benefit-cost ratio (BCR) techniques...
- Full Text:
A strategic business approach for sustainable e-participation at local government level
- Authors: Mbili, Mlungisi Richard
- Date: 2015-04-24
- Subjects: Local government - Information services , Legislative bodies - Technological innovations , Legislation - Technological innovations , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13718
- Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Since the dawn of democracy, South Africa has experienced continued service delivery protests. The extent to which these protests manifest themselves could be indicative of the communication gap that exists between local councillors and communities. In response, communities might use protests to serve as a medium of communication to highlight their unhappiness with service delivery. The e-participation programme is an intervention introduced by the German International Cooperation to explore the potential and assist municipalities with the implementation of a short message system-based, two-way channel for citizen-municipality communication. This study examined the level of readiness of municipalities with regard to the implementation and the sustainability of the e-participation programme. It used a mixed method approach to investigate a sample of municipalities. Findings and recommendations to government on considerations for implementation of the programme is discussed. The study concludes by highlighting earned benefits that can be enjoyed by all South African municipalities by employing the core pillars of various models used in other countries in implementing e-participation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mbili, Mlungisi Richard
- Date: 2015-04-24
- Subjects: Local government - Information services , Legislative bodies - Technological innovations , Legislation - Technological innovations , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13575 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13718
- Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Since the dawn of democracy, South Africa has experienced continued service delivery protests. The extent to which these protests manifest themselves could be indicative of the communication gap that exists between local councillors and communities. In response, communities might use protests to serve as a medium of communication to highlight their unhappiness with service delivery. The e-participation programme is an intervention introduced by the German International Cooperation to explore the potential and assist municipalities with the implementation of a short message system-based, two-way channel for citizen-municipality communication. This study examined the level of readiness of municipalities with regard to the implementation and the sustainability of the e-participation programme. It used a mixed method approach to investigate a sample of municipalities. Findings and recommendations to government on considerations for implementation of the programme is discussed. The study concludes by highlighting earned benefits that can be enjoyed by all South African municipalities by employing the core pillars of various models used in other countries in implementing e-participation.
- Full Text:
The effects of financial liberalisation on the sustainable growth rate of dual listed companies on the JSE Limited
- Authors: Serithi, Legoabe Tumelo
- Date: 2014-06-10
- Subjects: Capital market , Economic development , Sustainable development , JSE Limited , Johannesburg Stock Exchange , Dual listed companies
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11134
- Description: M.Com. (Financial Management) , In 1995, the South African government needed to address the widening poverty gap. The manner in which they would do so was through the process of financial market liberalisation of the JSE. The intention behind the process of financial liberalisation on the JSE was to increase the liquidity of the JSE. The significance of this study is that it would provide regulators of financial markets, policy makers and academics information on the effectiveness of the liberalisation of the JSE on dual listed companies’ ability to grow in a sustainable manner. Previous literature has found the risk sharing benefit associated with financial market liberalisation. With the increased number of participants in market would increase the chance of successful trades. Previous studies have found that there is a positive correlation with financial market liberalisation and market liquidity. Exchange controls have been put in place to prevent capital flight in sudden economic down turns. Certain studies have found that financial market liberalisation on has had minimal impact on the market capitalisation This study investigates the effects the financial liberalisation on the JSE had on dual listed companies’ sustainable growth rates. A purposive sampling technique was used in this study and a sample of 28 dual listed companies was selected. The approach to this study was an explanatory approach and the research paradigm was archival. The statistical tools which were utilised in the study were broken into two components, namely, the descriptive statistics and the inferential statistics. The data that were used in the study were secondary data collected from I-Net Bridge. The results of this study indicated that the financial liberalisation of the JSE did have an impact on the sustainable growth rates of dual listed companies on the JSE. Recommendations were made in this study for the dual listed companies to improve their net profit margins. The methods in which the dual listed companies are able to improve their net profit margins are by finding competitive sustainable advantages. It was further recommended that the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 needs to be amended to create a conducive economic environment for the dual listed companies to grow sustainably. It was further recommended that the dual listed companies on the JSE invest in human capital in order to improve their sustainable growth rate.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Serithi, Legoabe Tumelo
- Date: 2014-06-10
- Subjects: Capital market , Economic development , Sustainable development , JSE Limited , Johannesburg Stock Exchange , Dual listed companies
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11438 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11134
- Description: M.Com. (Financial Management) , In 1995, the South African government needed to address the widening poverty gap. The manner in which they would do so was through the process of financial market liberalisation of the JSE. The intention behind the process of financial liberalisation on the JSE was to increase the liquidity of the JSE. The significance of this study is that it would provide regulators of financial markets, policy makers and academics information on the effectiveness of the liberalisation of the JSE on dual listed companies’ ability to grow in a sustainable manner. Previous literature has found the risk sharing benefit associated with financial market liberalisation. With the increased number of participants in market would increase the chance of successful trades. Previous studies have found that there is a positive correlation with financial market liberalisation and market liquidity. Exchange controls have been put in place to prevent capital flight in sudden economic down turns. Certain studies have found that financial market liberalisation on has had minimal impact on the market capitalisation This study investigates the effects the financial liberalisation on the JSE had on dual listed companies’ sustainable growth rates. A purposive sampling technique was used in this study and a sample of 28 dual listed companies was selected. The approach to this study was an explanatory approach and the research paradigm was archival. The statistical tools which were utilised in the study were broken into two components, namely, the descriptive statistics and the inferential statistics. The data that were used in the study were secondary data collected from I-Net Bridge. The results of this study indicated that the financial liberalisation of the JSE did have an impact on the sustainable growth rates of dual listed companies on the JSE. Recommendations were made in this study for the dual listed companies to improve their net profit margins. The methods in which the dual listed companies are able to improve their net profit margins are by finding competitive sustainable advantages. It was further recommended that the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 needs to be amended to create a conducive economic environment for the dual listed companies to grow sustainably. It was further recommended that the dual listed companies on the JSE invest in human capital in order to improve their sustainable growth rate.
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Place making in tourism-led local economic development (LED) : a case study of Coffee Bay, Wild Coast, Eastern Cape province, South Africa
- Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa, Ogra, Aurobindo
- Authors: Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa , Ogra, Aurobindo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Coastal Tourism , Community development , Community engagement , Sustainable development , Tourism - South Africa - Coffee Bay , Local Economic Development
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4938 , ISSN 978-0-86970-781-4 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13038
- Description: On the East Coast of South Africa, on the warm waters of the Indian Ocean, lie the shores of Coffee Bay town. This small predominantly rural beach town beams with multitude of tourism potential. The town prides itself for its magnificent beach, hotels, and tourism activities like: horse riding, hiking and boasts of other tourism facilities and attractions. Besides tourism potential this small town faces number of challenges. The majority of the town’s economically active population is illiterate, unemployed and lives under the poverty line. The town on its own is a pot of gold; however, the community needs to be more involved in the decision making for developments within the town, as well as encouraging of pride of citizenship. This would ensure maximum benefit for residents, in terms of economic growth, access to opportunities, betterment of livelihoods, etc. In the pursuit of Tourism-led Local Economic Development (LED) oriented growth in Coffee Bay, the place making determinants becomes central in order to address the number of challenges faced by the local communities. Place making determinants and processes applicable to the area entails optimal use of resources that are unique to an area, for the economic (increased investment in the area, rise in tourists coming in, improved environments for fishing, establishment of a fully functional and beneficial fishing industry), social (improved well-being of local residents), community (infrastructure and livelihood within the town) and otherwise benefits. The paper discusses the place based tourism-led approaches in the context of rural communities and highlights the key determinants of place making process in a rural centric tourism-led local economic development. The research is based on mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative) and brings out the discussion on: essence, self-sufficiency, sustainability and inclusion of communities based on locally available assets, potential and resources.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa , Ogra, Aurobindo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Coastal Tourism , Community development , Community engagement , Sustainable development , Tourism - South Africa - Coffee Bay , Local Economic Development
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4938 , ISSN 978-0-86970-781-4 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13038
- Description: On the East Coast of South Africa, on the warm waters of the Indian Ocean, lie the shores of Coffee Bay town. This small predominantly rural beach town beams with multitude of tourism potential. The town prides itself for its magnificent beach, hotels, and tourism activities like: horse riding, hiking and boasts of other tourism facilities and attractions. Besides tourism potential this small town faces number of challenges. The majority of the town’s economically active population is illiterate, unemployed and lives under the poverty line. The town on its own is a pot of gold; however, the community needs to be more involved in the decision making for developments within the town, as well as encouraging of pride of citizenship. This would ensure maximum benefit for residents, in terms of economic growth, access to opportunities, betterment of livelihoods, etc. In the pursuit of Tourism-led Local Economic Development (LED) oriented growth in Coffee Bay, the place making determinants becomes central in order to address the number of challenges faced by the local communities. Place making determinants and processes applicable to the area entails optimal use of resources that are unique to an area, for the economic (increased investment in the area, rise in tourists coming in, improved environments for fishing, establishment of a fully functional and beneficial fishing industry), social (improved well-being of local residents), community (infrastructure and livelihood within the town) and otherwise benefits. The paper discusses the place based tourism-led approaches in the context of rural communities and highlights the key determinants of place making process in a rural centric tourism-led local economic development. The research is based on mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative) and brings out the discussion on: essence, self-sufficiency, sustainability and inclusion of communities based on locally available assets, potential and resources.
- Full Text:
The impact of rapid urban growth on the commuter rail sector : the case of Gauteng province
- Authors: Kekana, Solomon Lebotlwe
- Date: 2013-12-09
- Subjects: Urban transportation - South Africa - Gauteng - Planning , Transportation - South Africa - Gauteng - Passenger traffic , Railroads - South Africa - Gauteng , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7839 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8734
- Description: M.Ing. (Engineering Management) , Commuter rail in South Africa faces many challenges as a result of a long history of inadequate investment in rail rolling stock, infrastructure, operations as well as the loss of appropriate managerial and technical (engineering) skills within the industry. Over time, commuter rail services have continued to fail to respond adequately to the changing passenger demands. On the other hand mobility has undergone constant change in terms of both population growth and spatial patterns. For an effective and viable country, the transport infrastructure and operations have to respond to this continual process of change. From the transport context, South Africa is still haunted by its poor transport legacies of the past, which emerged mainly as a result of dysfunctional institutions. The dysfunctional institutional arrangements have resulted in poor accountability in the provision of public transport services, which were found to be largely disempowering. Government‘s socio-economic and transport policies could not be supported adequately by such institutional arrangements. As South Africa embarks on a journey of turning its public transport system around, the challenges for public transport are to simultaneously transform through meaningful integration, whilst at the same time enhancing capacity through upgrading and modernization in order to meet long-term needs of the economy. This research focuses on the impacts of urbanization, commuter rail network and planning interventions aimed at an integrated public transport solution. Firstly, the research investigates the impact of urbanization in relation to public transport and in addressing the ongoing challenge of rapid growth and thereby perpetuating social, economic and spatial inequalities. Secondly, there is a disjuncture between legislation and implementation that the research investigates. Thirdly, the study investigates the connectedness of Gauteng in relation to economic opportunities, social facilities and amenities. It aims to explore the extent of integration of Gauteng institutionally, spatially and socio-economically. The study concludes that transportation is the single most important factor in shaping the economy. Transportation should therefore be highlighted in the spatial development planning framework and processes in Gauteng. The key in addressing the impact of urban rapid growth on commuter rail is managing land use and transport networks in such a way that the highest level of access to services and employment opportunities are maintained.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kekana, Solomon Lebotlwe
- Date: 2013-12-09
- Subjects: Urban transportation - South Africa - Gauteng - Planning , Transportation - South Africa - Gauteng - Passenger traffic , Railroads - South Africa - Gauteng , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7839 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8734
- Description: M.Ing. (Engineering Management) , Commuter rail in South Africa faces many challenges as a result of a long history of inadequate investment in rail rolling stock, infrastructure, operations as well as the loss of appropriate managerial and technical (engineering) skills within the industry. Over time, commuter rail services have continued to fail to respond adequately to the changing passenger demands. On the other hand mobility has undergone constant change in terms of both population growth and spatial patterns. For an effective and viable country, the transport infrastructure and operations have to respond to this continual process of change. From the transport context, South Africa is still haunted by its poor transport legacies of the past, which emerged mainly as a result of dysfunctional institutions. The dysfunctional institutional arrangements have resulted in poor accountability in the provision of public transport services, which were found to be largely disempowering. Government‘s socio-economic and transport policies could not be supported adequately by such institutional arrangements. As South Africa embarks on a journey of turning its public transport system around, the challenges for public transport are to simultaneously transform through meaningful integration, whilst at the same time enhancing capacity through upgrading and modernization in order to meet long-term needs of the economy. This research focuses on the impacts of urbanization, commuter rail network and planning interventions aimed at an integrated public transport solution. Firstly, the research investigates the impact of urbanization in relation to public transport and in addressing the ongoing challenge of rapid growth and thereby perpetuating social, economic and spatial inequalities. Secondly, there is a disjuncture between legislation and implementation that the research investigates. Thirdly, the study investigates the connectedness of Gauteng in relation to economic opportunities, social facilities and amenities. It aims to explore the extent of integration of Gauteng institutionally, spatially and socio-economically. The study concludes that transportation is the single most important factor in shaping the economy. Transportation should therefore be highlighted in the spatial development planning framework and processes in Gauteng. The key in addressing the impact of urban rapid growth on commuter rail is managing land use and transport networks in such a way that the highest level of access to services and employment opportunities are maintained.
- Full Text:
Energy potential and sustainability management of platinum catalysed fuel cell technology in South Africa
- Authors: Mabiza, Junior Mabiza
- Date: 2013-11-21
- Subjects: Anglo American (Firm) , Hydrogen industry - South Africa - Management , Hydrogen as fuel - Case studies , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7777 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8672
- Description: M.Tech. (Construction Management) , In this study the environmental aspect of sustainability of the platinum catalysed Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology (HFCT) in progress in South Africa is examined as two case studies. The first case study is a laboratory-based process of platinum nanophase composite electrode prototype suitable for SPE electrolyser and PEM fuel cell. The second case study is the Anglo American Platinum industrial engineering process of recovering platinum group metals (PGMs). Environmental assessments were achieved using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) standard ISO 14040 series and the Eco-indicator 99 methodology. The energy potential and sustainable development of the South African HFCT initiative as well as the initiative public awareness are also looked into. Emerging as high concerns in the region are South African coal-based and gas supply security for energy supply and sustainability, and the growth of energy demand. The heavy South African carbon footprint and the related global climate change are also high concerns. The South African cabinet adopted hydrogen and fuel cell technology as one of the priority technologies to be developed in a bid to reduce the country’s dependence on coal-fired power generation, oil and gas. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) submitted this proposition initiated from the public and private sectors; and this has been seen as a significant competitive advantage for the global HFCT initiatives in view of the country’s abundant platinum metals deposits, a key raw material in fuel cells. Arguing that the adoption of renewable energy systems as clean technology calls for the achievement of the ecology leg aims of sustainability. An environmental assessment over synthesizing nanophase composite electrode and producing platinum group metals are therefore proved to be pertinent. Results of LCA showed equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide in the preparation process of 119.23g electrode platinum nanophase were evaluated at approximately 8.78 kg CO2eq. Over 90% of all emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent were attributed to energy supplied, produced by emitting resources. Direct emissions which were mostly of chemicals were probably involved in the heating, calcining and drying of materials. The environmental impact assessment by Eco-indicator 99 methodology based on LCA results of the platinum composite electrode determined airborne likely potential emissions such as carbon monoxide, NOX, Ethanol, Formaldehyde, SOX and water vapour with their evaluated impacts as well as other potential emissions to soil/water such as wastewater and HMS matrix which can be recycled. LCA results of the PGMs recovery process showed airborne and waterborne emissions as well as emissions to soil. Emissions observed were both direct and indirect. Direct emissions were from ore composites, chemicals, coal, fuels and water recycled. Over 91% of GHG emissions are indirect from energy supplied. The largest environmental damage impact caused by over 91% of GHG emissions indirect to PGMs production process was estimated to be 8.18 E+9 mPt equivalent to 19,049 Terajoules from electricity purchased. The used electricity is coal-based with damage impact to resources caused by extraction of fossil fuels. The second largest damage impact of 3.43 E+8 mPt was attributed to resources caused by extraction of minerals. The damage impact of 2.48 E-1 mPt by SO2 emissions, which has an impact on human health and the ecosystem quality and the reason behind the motivation to assess the process of recovering PGMs, was relatively minor compared the first two and to some others. The energy potential of the South African HFCT initiative is thought through by its objectives and the capacities to achieve them. The sustainability management of the initiative for the long-term energy supply and sustainability can be determined by specific factors among those, addressing progressively GHG emissions involved in the entire life cycle of PGMs, from mining to recycling. As regards the current state of public awareness to the South African HFCT initiative, this is not well known and has little media attention.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mabiza, Junior Mabiza
- Date: 2013-11-21
- Subjects: Anglo American (Firm) , Hydrogen industry - South Africa - Management , Hydrogen as fuel - Case studies , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7777 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8672
- Description: M.Tech. (Construction Management) , In this study the environmental aspect of sustainability of the platinum catalysed Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology (HFCT) in progress in South Africa is examined as two case studies. The first case study is a laboratory-based process of platinum nanophase composite electrode prototype suitable for SPE electrolyser and PEM fuel cell. The second case study is the Anglo American Platinum industrial engineering process of recovering platinum group metals (PGMs). Environmental assessments were achieved using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) standard ISO 14040 series and the Eco-indicator 99 methodology. The energy potential and sustainable development of the South African HFCT initiative as well as the initiative public awareness are also looked into. Emerging as high concerns in the region are South African coal-based and gas supply security for energy supply and sustainability, and the growth of energy demand. The heavy South African carbon footprint and the related global climate change are also high concerns. The South African cabinet adopted hydrogen and fuel cell technology as one of the priority technologies to be developed in a bid to reduce the country’s dependence on coal-fired power generation, oil and gas. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) submitted this proposition initiated from the public and private sectors; and this has been seen as a significant competitive advantage for the global HFCT initiatives in view of the country’s abundant platinum metals deposits, a key raw material in fuel cells. Arguing that the adoption of renewable energy systems as clean technology calls for the achievement of the ecology leg aims of sustainability. An environmental assessment over synthesizing nanophase composite electrode and producing platinum group metals are therefore proved to be pertinent. Results of LCA showed equivalent emissions of carbon dioxide in the preparation process of 119.23g electrode platinum nanophase were evaluated at approximately 8.78 kg CO2eq. Over 90% of all emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent were attributed to energy supplied, produced by emitting resources. Direct emissions which were mostly of chemicals were probably involved in the heating, calcining and drying of materials. The environmental impact assessment by Eco-indicator 99 methodology based on LCA results of the platinum composite electrode determined airborne likely potential emissions such as carbon monoxide, NOX, Ethanol, Formaldehyde, SOX and water vapour with their evaluated impacts as well as other potential emissions to soil/water such as wastewater and HMS matrix which can be recycled. LCA results of the PGMs recovery process showed airborne and waterborne emissions as well as emissions to soil. Emissions observed were both direct and indirect. Direct emissions were from ore composites, chemicals, coal, fuels and water recycled. Over 91% of GHG emissions are indirect from energy supplied. The largest environmental damage impact caused by over 91% of GHG emissions indirect to PGMs production process was estimated to be 8.18 E+9 mPt equivalent to 19,049 Terajoules from electricity purchased. The used electricity is coal-based with damage impact to resources caused by extraction of fossil fuels. The second largest damage impact of 3.43 E+8 mPt was attributed to resources caused by extraction of minerals. The damage impact of 2.48 E-1 mPt by SO2 emissions, which has an impact on human health and the ecosystem quality and the reason behind the motivation to assess the process of recovering PGMs, was relatively minor compared the first two and to some others. The energy potential of the South African HFCT initiative is thought through by its objectives and the capacities to achieve them. The sustainability management of the initiative for the long-term energy supply and sustainability can be determined by specific factors among those, addressing progressively GHG emissions involved in the entire life cycle of PGMs, from mining to recycling. As regards the current state of public awareness to the South African HFCT initiative, this is not well known and has little media attention.
- Full Text:
The sustainability of life cycle costs in a systems engineering process of a 21st century reliability engineering environment
- Authors: Maoto, Reboneng Mothupi
- Date: 2013-05-28
- Subjects: Sustainable development , Life cycle costing , Systems engineering , Reliability (Engineering) , Value analysis (Cost control) , Engineering economy
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:7562 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8424
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , With the current global political and economic environments, there is a lot of economic fluctuation and uncertainty in the world markets. This results in the instability of prices for goods and other products. And since we operate in a globalised era, this has a direct impact on the life cycle costs of many systems and products. Experience has indicated that a large portion of the total cost of many systems is as a direct result of activities associated with the operation and support of these systems and products, while the commitment of these costs is based on decisions made in the early stages of the system life cycle (Blanchard, 1990:505 & Blanchard, 2004:24-26). Further, the various costs associated with the different phases of the life cycle of a system or a piece of equipment are interrelated. Thus, in addressing the economic aspects of a system, one must look at the total cost in the context of the overall life cycle, particularly during the early stages of conceptual design and advanced system planning. Life cycle cost, when included as a parameter in the systems engineering process, provides the opportunity to design for economic feasibility. To address these aspects the following questions are answered through the research: What are life cycle costs and what are the benefits of costing them? When and where are costs incurred in a systems life cycle? What are the key variables in establishing life cycle costs? How can these variables be better defined to ensure that the life cycle costs are sustained through the entire life of a system? Can the engineering inflation be defined and be used instead of the general inflation rate? Now the challenge is that with the fluctuating economic conditions mentioned earlier, one cannot predict the life cycle costs of a system as closely accurate as is required. The proposed research focused on identifying sustainable measures to ensure that life cycle costs remain relevant through the lifespan of a system or equipment.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Maoto, Reboneng Mothupi
- Date: 2013-05-28
- Subjects: Sustainable development , Life cycle costing , Systems engineering , Reliability (Engineering) , Value analysis (Cost control) , Engineering economy
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:7562 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8424
- Description: M.Phil. (Engineering Management) , With the current global political and economic environments, there is a lot of economic fluctuation and uncertainty in the world markets. This results in the instability of prices for goods and other products. And since we operate in a globalised era, this has a direct impact on the life cycle costs of many systems and products. Experience has indicated that a large portion of the total cost of many systems is as a direct result of activities associated with the operation and support of these systems and products, while the commitment of these costs is based on decisions made in the early stages of the system life cycle (Blanchard, 1990:505 & Blanchard, 2004:24-26). Further, the various costs associated with the different phases of the life cycle of a system or a piece of equipment are interrelated. Thus, in addressing the economic aspects of a system, one must look at the total cost in the context of the overall life cycle, particularly during the early stages of conceptual design and advanced system planning. Life cycle cost, when included as a parameter in the systems engineering process, provides the opportunity to design for economic feasibility. To address these aspects the following questions are answered through the research: What are life cycle costs and what are the benefits of costing them? When and where are costs incurred in a systems life cycle? What are the key variables in establishing life cycle costs? How can these variables be better defined to ensure that the life cycle costs are sustained through the entire life of a system? Can the engineering inflation be defined and be used instead of the general inflation rate? Now the challenge is that with the fluctuating economic conditions mentioned earlier, one cannot predict the life cycle costs of a system as closely accurate as is required. The proposed research focused on identifying sustainable measures to ensure that life cycle costs remain relevant through the lifespan of a system or equipment.
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An exploratory study on factors associated with participation in income generating community projects
- Authors: Sithole, Thomson
- Date: 2013-04-10
- Subjects: Community development , Social participation , Sustainable development , Community organization , Fund raising , New business enterprises - Planning
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7432 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8290
- Description: M.A. (Social Sciences) , The engagement of local people in development projects has become a common phenomenon that development theorists and practitioners have emphasised for the past few decades. The debate was sparked by the realisation of the failure of the top-down approach to development which had serious consequences in project sustainability. Therefore, the bottom-up approach of community participation in development projects has been viewed as a panacea for sustainable projects at the grass roots level. The study is based on the understanding that community participation is central in community development, in order to ensure sustainability. It has been observed and acknowledged from the empirical evidence that, despite the acceptance of participation as workable alternative and useful approach to community development, there are many collapsed projects and blame has been shifted to lack of funding and other factors such as economic meltdown as the major setbacks. Today, concerns are raised on the ineffectiveness of community participation, which may lead to project failures. In many instances, local people have become recipients of pre-designed projects by outsiders and often the objects of administrative manipulation. This implies that development agents were determined to impose their own thinking and understanding of community participation on the community. As a result, development projects that local people were expected to take over in the implementation phase collapsed and such communities did not take responsibility for their failures. The question to be answered is whether community participation is the hallmark of project sustainability or just one of the processes that is necessary in development articulation. It is against this background that the study explored factors associated with participation in income generating community projects in Botlokwa community in Molemole Local Municipality, Limpopo province. The qualitative method was employed in this study.
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- Authors: Sithole, Thomson
- Date: 2013-04-10
- Subjects: Community development , Social participation , Sustainable development , Community organization , Fund raising , New business enterprises - Planning
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7432 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8290
- Description: M.A. (Social Sciences) , The engagement of local people in development projects has become a common phenomenon that development theorists and practitioners have emphasised for the past few decades. The debate was sparked by the realisation of the failure of the top-down approach to development which had serious consequences in project sustainability. Therefore, the bottom-up approach of community participation in development projects has been viewed as a panacea for sustainable projects at the grass roots level. The study is based on the understanding that community participation is central in community development, in order to ensure sustainability. It has been observed and acknowledged from the empirical evidence that, despite the acceptance of participation as workable alternative and useful approach to community development, there are many collapsed projects and blame has been shifted to lack of funding and other factors such as economic meltdown as the major setbacks. Today, concerns are raised on the ineffectiveness of community participation, which may lead to project failures. In many instances, local people have become recipients of pre-designed projects by outsiders and often the objects of administrative manipulation. This implies that development agents were determined to impose their own thinking and understanding of community participation on the community. As a result, development projects that local people were expected to take over in the implementation phase collapsed and such communities did not take responsibility for their failures. The question to be answered is whether community participation is the hallmark of project sustainability or just one of the processes that is necessary in development articulation. It is against this background that the study explored factors associated with participation in income generating community projects in Botlokwa community in Molemole Local Municipality, Limpopo province. The qualitative method was employed in this study.
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Evaluation of the sustainability and environmental impacts of mining in the Rustenburg Region
- Ololade, Olusola Oluwayemisi
- Authors: Ololade, Olusola Oluwayemisi
- Date: 2012-11-05
- Subjects: Platinum mines and mining - Environmental aspects , Mineral industries - Environmental aspects , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/374473 , uj:7338 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8087
- Description: Ph.D. , This study evaluates the environmental impacts of platinum mining in the Rustenburg region and the development of the region into a sustainable society, post the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in 2002. The region has been the location of intensive mining and metallurgical processing of platinum group minerals and chromium for more than three decades. Many studies have focused on the impacts of individual mines on their immediate environment and the sustainability of their operations. This study takes an holistic approach, looking at environmental changes across a larger area and the evaluation of the implementation of sustainable development principles in the region in the decade following the Johannesburg WSSD summit, using a multi-disciplinary approach. The debate concerning a suitable definition for sustainability within the mining context was followed through a literature review. In a strict sense, there is a paradox - mining is inherently unsustainable because of the finite, non-renewable nature of mineral resources. To resolve this paradox, two concepts of sustainability emerged: weak sustainability, in which economic capital replaces natural capital; and strong sustainability, prevention and minimising any environmental damage. These two concepts of sustainability were examined within the mining context, and the conclusion reached in this study is that the weak sustainability concept is more realistic and useful in the mining industry, since diverse environmental impacts cannot be avoided during mineral extraction. However, this does not mean that the environmental impacts should be neglected; instead they should be minimised. Sustainability is then achieved when the total amount of capital (i.e. both natural and economic) is constant or increases. Medium-resolution satellite data (Landsat and ASTER images) were used to map land cover/use to quantify the changes between 1973 and 2007, over 205 209 hectares of the Rustenburg region. The most important land cover/use change was the conversion of grassland to agricultural lands and mining areas. Changes in mine tailings storage facilities in terms of size and vegetation status were analysed. Landscape metrics (fragmentation index) were used to interpret the statistics derived from the land cover/use change to give an indication of the functioning of the ecosystem. Tailings samples were collected from two tailings storage facilities. Grain size analysis of the tailings samples was conducted to determine the percentage of particles with diameter ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm. Chemical analyses of samples were performed to determine elements of major concern because of their enrichment in the tailings and their potential toxicity. An analysis of the weather data acquired from the weather station located within the area was presented in the form of wind roses. Information on particle-size distributions obtained from the tailings samples and local meteorological data were used to carry out a detailed dispersion model of fugitive dust from mine tailings storage facilities.
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- Authors: Ololade, Olusola Oluwayemisi
- Date: 2012-11-05
- Subjects: Platinum mines and mining - Environmental aspects , Mineral industries - Environmental aspects , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/374473 , uj:7338 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8087
- Description: Ph.D. , This study evaluates the environmental impacts of platinum mining in the Rustenburg region and the development of the region into a sustainable society, post the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in 2002. The region has been the location of intensive mining and metallurgical processing of platinum group minerals and chromium for more than three decades. Many studies have focused on the impacts of individual mines on their immediate environment and the sustainability of their operations. This study takes an holistic approach, looking at environmental changes across a larger area and the evaluation of the implementation of sustainable development principles in the region in the decade following the Johannesburg WSSD summit, using a multi-disciplinary approach. The debate concerning a suitable definition for sustainability within the mining context was followed through a literature review. In a strict sense, there is a paradox - mining is inherently unsustainable because of the finite, non-renewable nature of mineral resources. To resolve this paradox, two concepts of sustainability emerged: weak sustainability, in which economic capital replaces natural capital; and strong sustainability, prevention and minimising any environmental damage. These two concepts of sustainability were examined within the mining context, and the conclusion reached in this study is that the weak sustainability concept is more realistic and useful in the mining industry, since diverse environmental impacts cannot be avoided during mineral extraction. However, this does not mean that the environmental impacts should be neglected; instead they should be minimised. Sustainability is then achieved when the total amount of capital (i.e. both natural and economic) is constant or increases. Medium-resolution satellite data (Landsat and ASTER images) were used to map land cover/use to quantify the changes between 1973 and 2007, over 205 209 hectares of the Rustenburg region. The most important land cover/use change was the conversion of grassland to agricultural lands and mining areas. Changes in mine tailings storage facilities in terms of size and vegetation status were analysed. Landscape metrics (fragmentation index) were used to interpret the statistics derived from the land cover/use change to give an indication of the functioning of the ecosystem. Tailings samples were collected from two tailings storage facilities. Grain size analysis of the tailings samples was conducted to determine the percentage of particles with diameter ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm. Chemical analyses of samples were performed to determine elements of major concern because of their enrichment in the tailings and their potential toxicity. An analysis of the weather data acquired from the weather station located within the area was presented in the form of wind roses. Information on particle-size distributions obtained from the tailings samples and local meteorological data were used to carry out a detailed dispersion model of fugitive dust from mine tailings storage facilities.
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South African oil dependency : geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic considerations
- Authors: Makube, Sello Tebogo
- Date: 2012-11-05
- Subjects: Petroleum - Government policy , Environmental protection , Geopolitics , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7333 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8082
- Description: Ph.D. , There is little research undertaken on the economic assessment of oil security of supply from the dimensions of geo-politics, geo-economics and geo-strategy. This study seeks to bridge the gap by providing new analytical and empirical work that captures the impact of geo-politics, geo-economics and geo-strategy on oil supply, consumption and price. This study is the first to define, analyse and contextualise the South African oil security of supply from a geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic perspective. It examines oil related factors that influence broader energy, economic and environmental policies, as well as developmental goals in South Africa. South Africa is faced with the task of delivering policy outcomes that will result in meeting the country’s energy demand at the lowest possible cost. Rising oil prices, rapidly increasing motorisation, clean environment and sustainable urban development are public policy challenges facing the South African economic, energy and transport sectors. Policy options to resolve these challenges are complex, varied and evolving. Economic indicators such as economic growth, inflation, balance of payments, trade balance, the general household surveys, income and expenditure surveys, and other economic data are used to develop a set of descriptive statistics to assess the impact of oil prices in South Africa. Increasing oil prices and the peak oil theory are raising new concerns about the availability of sufficient energy resources and the capacity of economic markets to allocate effectively those resources. A discussion on the optimal price path, extraction costs and mineral rents in an economy is presented. This study uses neoclassical Leontief and Cobb-Douglas production functions to examine and illustrate factors that could reduce or strengthen the linkage between energy use and economic activity over time. The Herfindahl Hirshman Index is used as a measure of oil supply concentration ratio and proxy for geo-political risks and oil imports dependency risks. In the analysis of the economics of exhaustible natural resources, this study discusses how the economic theory on the matter has evolved since the Hotelling model of optimal resource depletion. The Hotelling model is challenged, as marginal extraction costs of oil are rising, demand is changing and growing, and the world price is distorted by geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic factors. Using the Simple Econometric Simulation System (SESS) model, energy and oil outlook in the South African economy up to 2035 is simulated and economic vulnerability risks are calculated. Emerging from the examination of global oil statistics is confirmation that the price of crude oil has remained persistently high over recent years, reflecting geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic risks, as well as growing global oil demand. The rapid rise in oil prices is the biggest challenge facing the international economy; developing countries are particularly vulnerable. Linked to this is that environmental concerns ranging from local air pollution to global climate change bring into question the sustainability of relying on non-renewable energy resources. Searches for alternative energy resources to substitute fossil fuels, especially in the transport sector, have not yet yielded economically viable options. It is argued that the substitution of oil products in the transportation sector remains a challenge from which South Africa is not immune; that South Africa’s demand for oil continues to rise, driven by economic growth and a development trajectory highly dependent on petroleum products; and that dependency on foreign oil causes South Africa to be economically vulnerable.
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- Authors: Makube, Sello Tebogo
- Date: 2012-11-05
- Subjects: Petroleum - Government policy , Environmental protection , Geopolitics , Sustainable development
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7333 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8082
- Description: Ph.D. , There is little research undertaken on the economic assessment of oil security of supply from the dimensions of geo-politics, geo-economics and geo-strategy. This study seeks to bridge the gap by providing new analytical and empirical work that captures the impact of geo-politics, geo-economics and geo-strategy on oil supply, consumption and price. This study is the first to define, analyse and contextualise the South African oil security of supply from a geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic perspective. It examines oil related factors that influence broader energy, economic and environmental policies, as well as developmental goals in South Africa. South Africa is faced with the task of delivering policy outcomes that will result in meeting the country’s energy demand at the lowest possible cost. Rising oil prices, rapidly increasing motorisation, clean environment and sustainable urban development are public policy challenges facing the South African economic, energy and transport sectors. Policy options to resolve these challenges are complex, varied and evolving. Economic indicators such as economic growth, inflation, balance of payments, trade balance, the general household surveys, income and expenditure surveys, and other economic data are used to develop a set of descriptive statistics to assess the impact of oil prices in South Africa. Increasing oil prices and the peak oil theory are raising new concerns about the availability of sufficient energy resources and the capacity of economic markets to allocate effectively those resources. A discussion on the optimal price path, extraction costs and mineral rents in an economy is presented. This study uses neoclassical Leontief and Cobb-Douglas production functions to examine and illustrate factors that could reduce or strengthen the linkage between energy use and economic activity over time. The Herfindahl Hirshman Index is used as a measure of oil supply concentration ratio and proxy for geo-political risks and oil imports dependency risks. In the analysis of the economics of exhaustible natural resources, this study discusses how the economic theory on the matter has evolved since the Hotelling model of optimal resource depletion. The Hotelling model is challenged, as marginal extraction costs of oil are rising, demand is changing and growing, and the world price is distorted by geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic factors. Using the Simple Econometric Simulation System (SESS) model, energy and oil outlook in the South African economy up to 2035 is simulated and economic vulnerability risks are calculated. Emerging from the examination of global oil statistics is confirmation that the price of crude oil has remained persistently high over recent years, reflecting geo-political, geo-economic and geo-strategic risks, as well as growing global oil demand. The rapid rise in oil prices is the biggest challenge facing the international economy; developing countries are particularly vulnerable. Linked to this is that environmental concerns ranging from local air pollution to global climate change bring into question the sustainability of relying on non-renewable energy resources. Searches for alternative energy resources to substitute fossil fuels, especially in the transport sector, have not yet yielded economically viable options. It is argued that the substitution of oil products in the transportation sector remains a challenge from which South Africa is not immune; that South Africa’s demand for oil continues to rise, driven by economic growth and a development trajectory highly dependent on petroleum products; and that dependency on foreign oil causes South Africa to be economically vulnerable.
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