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Libreville residents’ perspective on tourism at Akanda National Park

- Beyeme, Renaldy, Thomas, Peta

  • Authors: Beyeme, Renaldy , Thomas, Peta
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Akanda , National park , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489459 , uj:44629 , Citation: Beyeme, R. and Thomas, P., Libreville residents’ perspective on tourism at Akanda National Park. RE-IMAGINING MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, p.717.
  • Description: Abstract: Akanda National Park (ANP) is one of thirteen national parks in Gabon. ANP was established in 2002 in support of the Gabonese government strategy to diversify the country’s hydrocarbon dependent economy by developing a tourism industry. However, ANP remains one of the less popular of Gabon’s tourism attractions despite its natural assets and geographical location in close proximity to Gabon’s capital, Libreville. This study investigated residents’ opinions about the tourism industry at ANP in terms of both leisure and business opportunities. Semi-structured interview schedules were employed for data collection from residents in residential areas of Libreville abutting ANP. Findings revealed that local people saw no value in the ANP either as a leisure pursuit or to generate a business leveraging the park as a business resource. This study recommends that the Gabonese government and relevant stakeholders need to redevelop tourism strategies with community stakeholders promoting the role of ANP for all Gabonese not only foreign tourists. Furthermore, there is a need to provide tourism infrastructure at ANP with facilities that help to foster the tourism environment.
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Marketing tourism offerings in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: a South African perspective

- Nyikana, Siyabulela

  • Authors: Nyikana, Siyabulela
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: 4IR , Tourism , Tourism Marketing
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/488459 , uj:44500 , Citation: Nyikana, S., 2021. Marketing tourism offerings in the Fourth Industrial Revolution: a South African perspective.
  • Description: Abstract: This study aims to examine the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) on the practicality of marketing tourism offerings in the South African context. In this regard, a conceptual review of the implications of marketing tourism in the 4IR era is presented, coupled with the COVID-19 pandemic implication. In terms of the methodology, the study presents a comprehensive discussion, through a critical literature review, and a documentary analysis of the existing models that have been used to examine the impacts of the 4IR on different industries. These are then applied in the tourism context and specifically to the industry in South Africa in order to synthesize these impacts. Key findings from this analysis show that the industry has been greatly challenged by the 4IR and, as such, major adjustments have had to be made by those in the industry. The increased web-based activities of the market have forced many companies to look into online marketing and the use of social media as primary tools for marketing activities. Coupled with this, there has been a greater need for companies to recruit technologically savvy talents who would be able to best utilize the digital tools for marketing purposes. This critical review provides a platform from which future focused research could be undertaken, which could be built upon and adapted to different contexts.
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The urban legacy impacts of mega-event stadia : selected case studies from South Africa

- Bama, Hilary K. N., Tichaawa, Tembi M.

  • Authors: Bama, Hilary K. N. , Tichaawa, Tembi M.
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Mega-event stadia , FIFA World Cup , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/482449 , uj:43750 , Citation: Bama, H.K.N. , Tichaawa, T.M. (2020). The Urban Legacy Impacts of Mega-Event Stadia: Selected Case Studies from South Africa. Geosport for Society, 14(1), 28-46. https://doi.org/10.30892/gss.1404-074
  • Description: Abstract: This study considered the urban infrastructure legacy impacts of mega-events in the Global South with a specific focus on South Africa’s 2010 stadia. By way of multiple case studies, undertaken in 2010 FIFA World Cup stadia in host cities Cape Town, Durban and Port Elizabeth, and applying a mixed-method approach, n=1120 urban residents living within a 2-km radius were surveyed in addition to interviews with key resource persons. The empirical findings indicate the existence of significant statistical differences in the perceptions of the urban residents and other stakeholder groups regarding the sustainability precepts that accompany the construction of stadia associated with the long-term urban infrastructure legacy implications. While the urban residents and the key resource persons agreed that the stadia had the potential to attract positive urban infrastructure legacy outcomes to their communities, one of the critical observations noted was the agreement that the costs associated with the maintenance and operations of these stadia were currently enormous, posing significant sustainability challenges and contentions. The study provides fresh insights into long-term mega-event urban infrastructure legacy impact assessment from a developing country perspective with innovative planning and strategy implications.
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Tourism and local economic development in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality, South Africa : stakeholder perspectives

- Dlomo, Thobeka O., Rogerson, Christian M.

  • Authors: Dlomo, Thobeka O. , Rogerson, Christian M.
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Local economic development , Municipal assets , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/482408 , uj:43745 , Citation: Dlomo, T.O. & Rogerson, C.M. (2021). Tourism and Local Economic Development in King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality, South Africa: Stakeholder Perspectives. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 10(1):145-164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46222/ajhtl.19770720-92
  • Description: Abstract: Over the past two decades a major burst of scholarship has occurred around tourism and local economic development futures in South Africa. This study addressed the question of key stakeholder perceptions of local economic development through tourism as the economic driver. In addition, it examines the challenges for enhancing the local development role of the tourism sector. Arguably, stakeholders at the coalface of tourism and local development issues, such as tourism business owners and local government officials, can offer useful insights into the everyday problems of maximizing the impact of tourism in local municipalities. The focus is on the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality (KSDM) in Eastern Cape province. The results are presented and dissected from 33 interviews conducted with private sector stakeholders as well as 20 government stakeholders. Stakeholder perceptions were investigated concerning three major themes: (1) the role and prospects for tourism and local economic development, (2) the use of municipal assets for tourism development; and, (3) the challenges facing tourism businesses for local economic development The research findings underscore several factors that explain the decline of the tourism economy of KSDM since 2006 and reduced its contribution to local economic development. Central issues surround crime and safety, infrastructural deficiencies, and shortcomings of the local government itself, including its failure to maintain critical municipal assets essential for tourism development.
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Exploring interdependence in Tourism Economic Development Ecosystems

- Thomas, Peta

  • Authors: Thomas, Peta
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: South Africa , Ecosystem , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/440197 , uj:38327 , Thomas, P. 2020: Exploring interdependence in Tourism Economic Development Ecosystems.
  • Description: Abstract: , Ecosystems represent complex interrelated systems monitored by economic indicators. To maximise future desired economic performance, resilience within the economic ecosystem leads to its long-term sustainability. The aim of this article is to review how resilience could be achieved for a tourism economic ecosystem to disruptive change. Resilience is a concept that defines business and government’s ability to adapt to economic disruptive change. Resilience for tourism entails ensuring the sustainability of an economic ecosystem to delineate future growth of that destination. The research is descriptive and conceptual in nature, adopting a qualitative research approach. A map of a tourism ecosystem is proposed reliant on economic indicator interpretation to realistically put forward future economic development strategies that promote overall system resilience towards economic growth. Researchers with a specific interest in tourism ecosystems may find this paper useful in understanding the complexity of interpreting economic indicators to develop future economic growth opportunities.
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Profiling and examining travel patterns pertaining to domestic tourism in Lesotho

- Bob, Urmilla, Swart, Kamilla, Perry, Edwin C., Gounden, Dinolen

The responsiveness of the technical and vocational education and training tourism curriculum to the South African Tourism Industry

- Mbewe, Evidance

  • Authors: Mbewe, Evidance
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Vocational education , Technical education , Tourism , Curriculum evaluation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/438070 , uj:38061
  • Description: Abstract:The National Accredited Technical Education Diploma (NATED) tourism studies qualification in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges focuses on producing a skilled labour force for the South African tourism industry. The training programme aims at imparting both the theoretical knowledge and practical skills required for employment in the tourism industry or entrance into institutions of higher education. The primary purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate whether the NATED tourism studies curriculum in TVET colleges responds to the needs of the South African tourism industry. Interviews were used to gain insights from tourism employers, tourism lecturers, and NATED tourism graduates. Data from document analysis was used to interpret the findings from the interviews. The study found that tourism graduates exit TVET colleges with some skills, but not the most critical practical skills needed by the tourism industry. However, the findings indicated that some of the skills that employers highlighted as lacking were actually present in the NATED tourism syllabi. Further probing revealed a failure by TVET institutions to effectively translate the syllabi into classroom activities. Some discrepancies were identified as far as following syllabi instructions was concerned: the time allocated for workplace-based experiences, the contact time allocated for the subjects, practicals not being done as recommended, the failure to invite officials from industry as speakers, the failure to use the recommended teaching and learning resources, lecturers not establishing links with industry, and no compilation of the practical portfolio. Less time was allocated for certain subjects and lecturers did not go for work-integrated learning as recommended in the tourism syllabi. The study further revealed that teaching and learning emphasised theory at the expense of practical skills, but that employers from the different sectors of the tourism industry valued these practical skills more than theoretical knowledge. Moreover, the findings established that there was an absence of certain up-to-date knowledge areas from the tourism syllabi. The study therefore recommends a number of strategies for TVET colleges to improve their interpretation and implementation of the tourism curriculum. , M.Ed. (Curriculum Policy Evaluation)
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The urban legacy impacts of mega-event stadia : selected case studies from South Africa

- Bama, Hilary K. N., Tichaawa, Tembi M.

  • Authors: Bama, Hilary K. N. , Tichaawa, Tembi M.
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Mega-event stadia , FIFA World Cup , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/479929 , uj:43429 , ISSN: 2393-1353 , Citation: Bama, H.K.N. , Tichaawa, T.M. (2020). The Urban Legacy Impacts of Mega-Event Stadia: Selected Case Studies from South Africa. Geosport for Society, 14(1), 28-46. https://doi.org/10.30892/gss.1404-074
  • Description: Abstract: This study considered the urban infrastructure legacy impacts of mega-events in the Global South with a specific focus on South Africa’s 2010 stadia. By way of multiple case studies, undertaken in 2010 FIFA World Cup stadia in host cities Cape Town, Durban and Port Elizabeth, and applying a mixed-method approach, n=1120 urban residents living within a 2-km radius were surveyed in addition to interviews with key resource persons. The empirical findings indicate the existence of significant statistical differences in the perceptions of the urban residents and other stakeholder groups regarding the sustainability precepts that accompany the construction of stadia associated with the long-term urban infrastructure legacy implications. While the urban residents and the key resource persons agreed that the stadia had the potential to attract positive urban infrastructure legacy outcomes to their communities, one of the critical observations noted was the agreement that the costs associated with the maintenance and operations of these stadia were currently enormous, posing significant sustainability challenges and contentions. The study provides fresh insights into long-term mega-event urban infrastructure legacy impact assessment from a developing country perspective with innovative planning and strategy implications.
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Using municipal tourism assets for leveraging Local Economic Development in South Africa

- Rogerson, Christian M.

  • Authors: Rogerson, Christian M.
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Local economic development , Municipal assets , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/453404 , uj:40027 , Citation: Rogerson, C.M. (2020). Using Municipal Tourism Assets for Leveraging Local Economic Development in South Africa. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, 48(48): 47-63. DOI: http://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2020-0013
  • Description: Abstract: Tourism development can be a vital component of place-based development initiatives in the global South. The nexus of tourism and place-based development thinking in the global South and of the role of local governments is only beginning to be investigated by tourism scholars. This article explores the record of using tourism assets in one South African local municipality for leveraging local economic development. Evidence is drawn from the experience of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality in South Africa’s Eastern Cape province. The research results point to an unimpressive record on the part of local government in directing the use of local assets for assisting tourism development. Several challenges are revealed to explain the underperformance of potentially valuable local assets in this municipality. Institutional and governance shortcomings, including widespread corruption, underpin the observed weaknesses both in the everyday workings of local government in relation to service delivery and infrastructure support as well as its inability to implement plans for local economic development. Well-meaning policies proposed for tourism development are not implemented variously for reasons of funding, lack of local support, lack of entrepreneurialism by the municipality and lack of ability to implement because of capacity issues. Potential state assets which could bolster tourism and local development outcomes are not being realized and in many cases the assets themselves are in a state of deterioration because of neglect.
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Factors inhibiting large enterprises from establishing sustainable linkages with black-owned tourism SMMEs in South Africa

- Harilal, V., Nyikana, S.

  • Authors: Harilal, V. , Nyikana, S.
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Tourism , SMMEs , Linkages
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/293537 , uj:31918 , Citation: Harilal, V. & Nyikana, S. 2019. Factors inhibiting large enterprises from establishing sustainable linkages with black-owned tourism SMMEs in South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 8(3):1-14. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: South African policy has identified the need for the tourism sector to undergo transformation, especially in relation to the black ownership of tourism companies. However, in reality the above has not taken place at the pace that the government desired, owing to various challenges. Of particular concern has been the uncertain nature of the effective linkages between large enterprises and smaller, black-owned enterprises, in relation to the opportunities that the large enterprises present for mutual benefit and participation in the tourism value chain. The current study aims at determining the main factors that inhibit large enterprises from establishing such long-lasting business linkages with black-owned SMMEs, for the sustainable development of South Africa’s tourism industry. A qualitative research design was adopted in conducting the study. Through a series of interviews with large tourism enterprises, the study reveals a number of factors that impede cooperation between large and small tourism enterprises. Among others are the negative perceptions that are held by large businesses regarding the capacity and resourcing of small black enterprises, as well as the lack of access between the two, linked to the procurement patterns of large enterprises, in particular. The study, therefore, proposes some potential strategies for nationwide adoption, which might serve to improve cooperation between the large and small enterprises for the overall benefit of the South African tourism industry, thereby forming sustainable linkages between the dominant large enterprises and the smaller, blackowned tourism SMMEs.
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How African is the African Journal of Hospitality Tourism and Leisure? An analysis of publishing trends for the period 2011-2018

- Rogerson, Christian M., Rogerson, Jayne M.

Causal relationship between air transport, tourism and economic Growth : joinpoint regression and granger causality analysis

- Pisa, Noleen

  • Authors: Pisa, Noleen
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Causality , Tourism , Economic growth
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/278217 , uj:29851 , Citation: Pisa, N. 2018. Causal relationship between air transport, tourism and economic Growth : joinpoint regression and granger causality analysis.
  • Description: Abstract: The aim of this study is twofold: to describe the overtime changes in trends and to investigate the causal relationship between air transport, tourism and economic growth for South Africa between 1995 and 2015. Using an ecological design, Joinpoint regressions tailed at p<0.05 were computed for each variable to determine annual percentage changes. Causality and co-integration were inferred through the Granger causality and the Johansen co-integration tests. Additionally, a vector auto-regressive model (VAR) was computed to test for linear inter-dependencies among the variables. Significant increases were observed for all variables between 1995 and 2015. The results of the stationary tests showed that that air transport variables were stationary the first differences while the tourism variables and GDP variables were stationary at second difference. Cointegration tests can be applied on series that are stationary at the same level. Therefore no further inference was made on the relationship between air transport variables and GDP. Both the cointegration and causality tests did not provide evidence of causality and long run relationships between GDP and tourism variables. However, a proportion of the variance in tourism expenditure and tourism receipts was shown to be explained by GDP through the VAR model. The results imply potential associations between tourism and GDP in South Africa.
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Managing HCD risk in tourism organisations – a collaborative responsibility

- Mara, C.C., Govender, C.M.

Nature-based tourism operators’ perceptions and adaptation to climate change in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe

- Mushawemhuka, William, Rogerson, Jayne M., Saarinen, Jarkko

Stakeholder perspectives on tourism development in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier

- Sinthumule, Ndidzulafhi Innocent

The role of climatic factors in determining tourist satisfaction : the case of five Indian Ocean Islands

- Fortune, Su-Marie

  • Authors: Fortune, Su-Marie
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Climatology , Tourism , Islands of the Indian Ocean
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292569 , uj:31796
  • Description: Abstract: Tourism is one of the largest economic sectors in the world and it plays an important role in the economic development of Small Island Developing States. The Indian Ocean Islands rely on tourism for economic development. The climate is important for the tourism in the Indian Ocean Islands since the tourism is mainly based on sun, sea and sand tourism which rely on warm sunny conditions. The aim of this study is to analyse the content of TripAdvisor reviews spanning the period 2012 to 2016 for five Indian Ocean Islands namely: Comoros, Reunion, Seychelles, Mauritius and Maldives to determine the relative importance of suitable climatic conditions for tourist satisfaction. 12% of the English TripAdvisor reviews contained climate mentions which confirms that climatic conditions are important for reviewers. The importance of the climatic conditions varied across the islands but rain was the climatic condition which was mentioned the most. The climatic sensitivity of the reviewers also varied based on their country of origin, choice of accommodation establishment and other personal factors such as whether they have children or not. The results also indicate that there are various factors that influence the reviewers’ satisfaction of the weather that they experienced, such as the facilities at the accommodation establishments, level of service and availability of alternative activities. The TripAdvisor reviews also gave insight into environmental concerns such as coral bleaching and beach erosion. , M.A. (Geography)
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The ‘decision-making’ on the trade of 'Cultural Artefacts', applying the role of tourism to measure the economic perspective

- Baur, P. W.

  • Authors: Baur, P. W.
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Cultural Artefacts , Cultural Significance , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/285536 , uj:30881 , Citation: Baur, P.W. 2018. The ‘decision-making’ on the trade of 'Cultural Artefacts', applying the role of tourism to measure the economic perspective. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(4):1-19. , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: Tourism continues to flow into Africa and along with this flow of tourism, is the flow of tourist spending. Much of the spending is used to purchase goods and souvenirs that are unique to the region from which they are bought. While tourism spending greatly contributes towards the growth and development of these regions, there is also the added benefit associated with the trade of 'Cultural Artefacts'. Each year, thousands of historically significant artefacts exchange hands across the world. What makes these artefacts so significant is that they contain within them an element of ‘cultural value’. This ‘cultural value’ is specific to the information, subjective norm and institutional importance relevant to religious, social and geographic location. The flow of Art from these regions is highly correlated with the flow of tourism, and tourism facilitates the link between local and international art markets. Yet the trade of 'Cultural Artefacts' which are rich in 'cultural significance' operate on a different level to that of ‘works of art’. This paper looks at the way in which the value of items of 'cultural significance' are considered within an economic context and proposes a methodology, to determine the role of value, within an historical cultural framework.
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Tourism and climate change : stakeholder perceptions of at risk tourism segments in South Africa

- Pandy, Wayde R., Rogerson, Christian M.

  • Authors: Pandy, Wayde R. , Rogerson, Christian M.
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Climate change , Tourism , Adaptation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/364422 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/277067 , uj:29674 , Citation: Pandy, W.R. & Rogerson, C.M. 2018. Tourism and climate change : stakeholder perceptions of at risk tourism segments in South Africa. E u r o E c o n o m i c a, 1(37):104-118. , ISSN: 1582-8859
  • Description: Abstract: The aim is to investigate the perspectives of key South African tourism industry stakeholders surrounding the issue of climate change. Previous research has shown that while the tourism industry in many countries is aware of the significance and potential ramifications of climate change, it is not considered a pressing issue and not the least since the impact of the 2008 global economic crisis. In Africa, with the tourism sector potentially facing major threats from climate change, the need for further research is urgent especially with respect to stakeholder perceptions. The study analyzes the development of national policy towards climate change and tourism and the perceptions of 31 key stakeholders on the segments of the national tourism economy most at risk from climate change. The results show at national government level South Africa is seeking to enact tourism and climate based policies. This said, the degree to which such policies might be implementable must be questioned not only in relation to capacity issues at the scale of local government but by the depth of revealed commitment of stakeholders in terms of making meaningful adjustments to the challenges of climate change because of their perceptions of risk. In particular, the interviewees highlighted their awareness that climate change is responsible for threats to biodiversity as well as assets for coastal and marine tourism. Overall the stakeholders perceived differences in the impacts of climate change for different segments of the tourism economy. Of concern was that stakeholders gainsay the potential impacts of climate change for certain segments which international evidence suggests will most definitely be at risk.
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Tourism geographies and spatial distribution of tourist sites in Ghana

- Siakwah, Pius

  • Authors: Siakwah, Pius
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Tourism , Geographies , Spatiality
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/271501 , uj:28876 , Citation: Siakwah, P. 2018. Tourism geographies and spatial distribution of tourist sites in Ghana. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 7(1):1-19 , ISSN: 2223-814X
  • Description: Abstract: Appreciating and advertising the spatial distributions of tourist sites is one of the core challenges and opportunities for policy makers and development experts to promoting sustainable tourism sector development in Ghana. This article critically provides picturesque, geographical and spatial uneven distributions or patterns of tourism resources in Ghana in order to try to unpack the key potentials in the country’s tourism space. The review is based on a comprehensive analysis of tourism literature and policy documents in Ghana. The goal in this article is thus a modest attempt to provide a picturesque view of the uneven geographies of tourism in Ghana. Trends observed in the country’s tourism space in relation to disaggregating groupings destinations or tourism spaces into natural or man-made (socio-cultural heritage) and rural and urban. The analysis showed that tourism sites are distributed spatially in Ghana, and the sites can be classified in natural sites like parks and game reserves, rivers, mountains; and man-made or socio-cultural resources such as castles, museums, cultural heritages, artefacts and historical experiences. These resources are however, are poorly marketed, globally and locally. Effective marketing and coordination among actors and institutions can help promote tourism and sustain it in Ghana for the benefit of the people and future generations.
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Building blocks for a well-rounded tourism student

- Wakelin-Theron, Nicola

  • Authors: Wakelin-Theron, Nicola
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Learning practices , Higher education institutions , Tourism
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/256980 , uj:26987 , Citation: Wakelin-Theron, N. 2017. Building blocks for a well-rounded tourism student.
  • Description: Abstract: This study was conducted to identify the building blocks that need to be incorporated in tourism qualifications to produce well-rounded students. This study is grounded on the view that with the right set of knowledge, skills, and qualification, the doors to tourism employment can be opened. Many higher education institutions have established programmes and extended programmes to negotiate students’ transition into higher education, and beyond. However, these higher education institutions face many challenges, due to the ever increasing student numbers that have nearly doubled in recent years; uneven quality; high student drop-out rate among first-generation students; and more recently, the ‘fees must fall movement’. Despite these challenges, higher education institutions are expected to remain engines for the development of human capital. Indeed, one of the purposes of higher education is to produce graduates who have skills that are highly regarded by employers and that enable these graduates to contribute to the social capital and the country’s prosperity. Thus, the goal of this study is to investigate the existing building blocks, with a particular focus on the building blocks that the School of Tourism and Hospitality, in the Faculty of Management, at the University of Johannesburg uses to assist students in becoming well-rounded in relation to the tourism industry.
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