Generic guidelines for rehabilitation of borrow pits on linear pipeline projects
- Authors: Beukes, Werner
- Date: 2010-03-10T06:27:16Z
- Subjects: Abandoned mined lands reclamation , Rehabilitation technology , Borrow pits , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6667 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3072
- Description: M.Sc. , This study focuses on the rehabilitation of borrow pits on linear pipeline projects. In the past there have been many attempts to rehabilitate borrow pits to an ecological acceptable manner. Recently legislation has become more stringent regarding mine closure and rehabilitation. With the introduction of the new Mineral and Petroleum Development Act (MPRDA 28 of 2002), there has been an increase of awareness towards the immediate environment. As this project was a challenge in itself, there were no clear and concise methods in the Act that provide guidelines for final rehabilitation. Normally borrow pits as used on road concessions for material sourcing is left as different landforms like before excavation. The main reason for this is that materials are removed from the pits and not replaced, resulting in areas that are usually lower than their original ground levels. Some unwanted screened material will return to these borrow pits but will not complement what the original level should be. These borrow pits are usually clearly visible as low lying areas filled with water alongside roads. The Vaal River Eastern Subsection Augmentation Project (VRESAP) pipeline borrow pits were unique in the sense that not only material from screening activities were replaced, but also material excavated from the trench were replaced into the borrow pits. What makes this study unique is the fact that an opportunity was presented and clearly stipulated by the standard environmental management plan (SEMP) that borrow pits had to be filled back to their original ground levels or an acceptable level agreed on by the landowner. With this unique project, unique problems arose causing excess material amounting to 327 700 m³, available from the pipeline cavity. External spoil areas had to be promulgated and managed as part of site. This study through its various elements addresses some of the main problems encountered on VRESAP by looking at soil analysis, monitoring regimes, pre and post land use and other mechanisms from literature studies used on similar projects in the mining industry. vii The study also provides recommendations to the reader for future pipeline developments as well as conclusions made by the author. The recommendations made, include ways of rehabilitation planning through trials and errors made on site. Various conclusions were made that would substantiate this study in perspective to user-friendly and practical approaches.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Beukes, Werner
- Date: 2010-03-10T06:27:16Z
- Subjects: Abandoned mined lands reclamation , Rehabilitation technology , Borrow pits , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:6667 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3072
- Description: M.Sc. , This study focuses on the rehabilitation of borrow pits on linear pipeline projects. In the past there have been many attempts to rehabilitate borrow pits to an ecological acceptable manner. Recently legislation has become more stringent regarding mine closure and rehabilitation. With the introduction of the new Mineral and Petroleum Development Act (MPRDA 28 of 2002), there has been an increase of awareness towards the immediate environment. As this project was a challenge in itself, there were no clear and concise methods in the Act that provide guidelines for final rehabilitation. Normally borrow pits as used on road concessions for material sourcing is left as different landforms like before excavation. The main reason for this is that materials are removed from the pits and not replaced, resulting in areas that are usually lower than their original ground levels. Some unwanted screened material will return to these borrow pits but will not complement what the original level should be. These borrow pits are usually clearly visible as low lying areas filled with water alongside roads. The Vaal River Eastern Subsection Augmentation Project (VRESAP) pipeline borrow pits were unique in the sense that not only material from screening activities were replaced, but also material excavated from the trench were replaced into the borrow pits. What makes this study unique is the fact that an opportunity was presented and clearly stipulated by the standard environmental management plan (SEMP) that borrow pits had to be filled back to their original ground levels or an acceptable level agreed on by the landowner. With this unique project, unique problems arose causing excess material amounting to 327 700 m³, available from the pipeline cavity. External spoil areas had to be promulgated and managed as part of site. This study through its various elements addresses some of the main problems encountered on VRESAP by looking at soil analysis, monitoring regimes, pre and post land use and other mechanisms from literature studies used on similar projects in the mining industry. vii The study also provides recommendations to the reader for future pipeline developments as well as conclusions made by the author. The recommendations made, include ways of rehabilitation planning through trials and errors made on site. Various conclusions were made that would substantiate this study in perspective to user-friendly and practical approaches.
- Full Text:
The influence of angle and aspect on the established vegetative cover on the slopes of rehabilitated coal discard dumps in Mpumalanga
- Authors: Bloy, Steven Douglas
- Date: 2009-02-09T09:17:00Z
- Subjects: Restoration ecology , Abandoned mined lands reclamation , Coal mines and mining , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8124 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2099
- Description: M.Sc. , The decommissioning of mines and mining-related activities brings about the onset of rehabilitation. A legacy that most coal mines must address is the rehabilitation of the coal discard dumps that are generated by the beneficiation process of the raw coal. Rehabilitation involves the shaping and covering with a topsoil layer of these coal discard dumps. The topsoil layer is then revegetated to provide a stable form of protection against erosion. Considerations taken into account regarding the rehabilitation of coal discard dumps include the final slope angle, physical constraints i.e. railways or rivers, a source of topsoil and the grass species to be sown. Once the dump has been shaped, capped and seeded, regular applications of fertilizer take place for a defined period of time. This is to accelerate the growth of the grasses, as well as to stabilise the nutrient levels in the topsoil capping. Ingwe Mine Closure Operations (MCO), part of Ingwe Collieries Limited, is the business unit entrusted with the management and successful rehabilitation of Ingwe’s defunct operations. All of the coal discard dumps sampled in this study are found on such defunct operations. These coal discard dumps have been rehabilitated to a very high standard by MCO, and in most cases exceed the minimum requirements stipulated by law and guideline documents. This study and the results obtained from it reflect this. This study investigated, in terms of defined types of cover, whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between the: • six coal discard dumps from which data were collected; • five different defined slope aspects; • two groups of slope angles; and • slope angle and slope aspect in terms of cover. The data collected was analysed statistically, so as to determine whether significant differences (95 percentile confidence level), in terms of cover, exist. The purpose of this was to determine whether or not a preferred slope aspect or slope angle group could be identified for the six coal discard dumps sampled. By identifying a preferred slope aspect or slope angle group, companies could alter the design of operational or defunct dumps so as to maximise these. This would make the rehabilitation of the dump more sustainable and could possibly reduce aftercare costs. Through statistical analysis of the data collected it was determined that: • of the six coal discard dumps sampled, significant differences did exist between some of the dumps regarding basal cover, plant litter cover and bare ground. As each dump is different with its own specific micro-climate, this can be expected. The age of the dumps could also have played a role in terms of development; • of the five different defined slope aspects analysed, no significant differences existed between any of them; • of the two groups of slope angles analysed, no significant difference existed between them; and • no relationship between slope angle and slope aspect, in terms of cover, could be established. The analysis of the data collected was done by means of ANOVA one-way tests, coupled with Post Hoc Tests and Contrast Tables. The results of the statistical analysis were evaluated by the STATCON Department of the Rand Afrikaans University for accuracy. The data and the statistical analysis thereof were found to be satisfactory and correct. Various other statistical analyses were conducted on the data, but the results obtained from these tests were all the same as that of the original data analysis. These analyses included the Univariate Analysis of Variance, T-tests and Mann-Whitney tests.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Bloy, Steven Douglas
- Date: 2009-02-09T09:17:00Z
- Subjects: Restoration ecology , Abandoned mined lands reclamation , Coal mines and mining , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8124 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2099
- Description: M.Sc. , The decommissioning of mines and mining-related activities brings about the onset of rehabilitation. A legacy that most coal mines must address is the rehabilitation of the coal discard dumps that are generated by the beneficiation process of the raw coal. Rehabilitation involves the shaping and covering with a topsoil layer of these coal discard dumps. The topsoil layer is then revegetated to provide a stable form of protection against erosion. Considerations taken into account regarding the rehabilitation of coal discard dumps include the final slope angle, physical constraints i.e. railways or rivers, a source of topsoil and the grass species to be sown. Once the dump has been shaped, capped and seeded, regular applications of fertilizer take place for a defined period of time. This is to accelerate the growth of the grasses, as well as to stabilise the nutrient levels in the topsoil capping. Ingwe Mine Closure Operations (MCO), part of Ingwe Collieries Limited, is the business unit entrusted with the management and successful rehabilitation of Ingwe’s defunct operations. All of the coal discard dumps sampled in this study are found on such defunct operations. These coal discard dumps have been rehabilitated to a very high standard by MCO, and in most cases exceed the minimum requirements stipulated by law and guideline documents. This study and the results obtained from it reflect this. This study investigated, in terms of defined types of cover, whether or not there is a statistically significant difference between the: • six coal discard dumps from which data were collected; • five different defined slope aspects; • two groups of slope angles; and • slope angle and slope aspect in terms of cover. The data collected was analysed statistically, so as to determine whether significant differences (95 percentile confidence level), in terms of cover, exist. The purpose of this was to determine whether or not a preferred slope aspect or slope angle group could be identified for the six coal discard dumps sampled. By identifying a preferred slope aspect or slope angle group, companies could alter the design of operational or defunct dumps so as to maximise these. This would make the rehabilitation of the dump more sustainable and could possibly reduce aftercare costs. Through statistical analysis of the data collected it was determined that: • of the six coal discard dumps sampled, significant differences did exist between some of the dumps regarding basal cover, plant litter cover and bare ground. As each dump is different with its own specific micro-climate, this can be expected. The age of the dumps could also have played a role in terms of development; • of the five different defined slope aspects analysed, no significant differences existed between any of them; • of the two groups of slope angles analysed, no significant difference existed between them; and • no relationship between slope angle and slope aspect, in terms of cover, could be established. The analysis of the data collected was done by means of ANOVA one-way tests, coupled with Post Hoc Tests and Contrast Tables. The results of the statistical analysis were evaluated by the STATCON Department of the Rand Afrikaans University for accuracy. The data and the statistical analysis thereof were found to be satisfactory and correct. Various other statistical analyses were conducted on the data, but the results obtained from these tests were all the same as that of the original data analysis. These analyses included the Univariate Analysis of Variance, T-tests and Mann-Whitney tests.
- Full Text:
An assessment of the ecological integrity of Reed Pans on the Mpumalanga Highveld
- Authors: De Klerk, Arno Reed
- Date: 2011-05-16T07:53:33Z
- Subjects: Pans (Geomorphology) , Ecological integrity , Lake ecology , Aquatic invertebrates , Water quality biological assessment , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7074 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3637
- Description: M.Sc. , Mpumalanga, “the place where the sun rises”, sets the scene for one of the rarest wetland types in South Africa. They are formed on one of the last remnants of the ancient African land surface, contain peat and together with a variety of other pan types make up the Mpumalanga Lakes District. Of these approximately 320 pans, only ±2.3% are reed pans. These endorheic wetlands are unique from other pan types and peatlands in South Africa and support an abundant biodiversity. They perform vital functions such as water storage, filtering out impurities and carbon fixation, which prevents an excess release of CO2 into the atmosphere. There is very little known about these endorheic wetlands and thus they are constantly being threatened by various activities such as agriculture, livestock and mining. The objectives of this study were to determine the spatial and temporal variation of macroinvertebrate community structures of reed pans and the environmental factors, such as water quality, responsible for the maintenance of these structures; to determine the best method for sampling aquatic invertebrates in reed pans; as well as to determine the relationship between aquatic invertebrates and the water, sediment and habitat quality of a reed pan. Together with this the amphibian diversity as well as the occurrence of other biotic components was determined. Four reed pans were assessed during four different seasons over a one year period to account for the different hydrological extremes. Sub-surface water samples were analyzed for their suspended solid content, nutrient levels, metals and chlorophyll-a concentrations as well as in situ water quality parameters. Sediment samples were analyzed for metal concentrations, organic carbon and water content, as well as sediment size distribution. Invertebrates were collected using the following sampling techniques: aquatic light trap, terrestrial light trap, emergent trap, sweep net, plankton net, as well as benthic sampling using an Eckman grab.
- Full Text:
- Authors: De Klerk, Arno Reed
- Date: 2011-05-16T07:53:33Z
- Subjects: Pans (Geomorphology) , Ecological integrity , Lake ecology , Aquatic invertebrates , Water quality biological assessment , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:7074 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3637
- Description: M.Sc. , Mpumalanga, “the place where the sun rises”, sets the scene for one of the rarest wetland types in South Africa. They are formed on one of the last remnants of the ancient African land surface, contain peat and together with a variety of other pan types make up the Mpumalanga Lakes District. Of these approximately 320 pans, only ±2.3% are reed pans. These endorheic wetlands are unique from other pan types and peatlands in South Africa and support an abundant biodiversity. They perform vital functions such as water storage, filtering out impurities and carbon fixation, which prevents an excess release of CO2 into the atmosphere. There is very little known about these endorheic wetlands and thus they are constantly being threatened by various activities such as agriculture, livestock and mining. The objectives of this study were to determine the spatial and temporal variation of macroinvertebrate community structures of reed pans and the environmental factors, such as water quality, responsible for the maintenance of these structures; to determine the best method for sampling aquatic invertebrates in reed pans; as well as to determine the relationship between aquatic invertebrates and the water, sediment and habitat quality of a reed pan. Together with this the amphibian diversity as well as the occurrence of other biotic components was determined. Four reed pans were assessed during four different seasons over a one year period to account for the different hydrological extremes. Sub-surface water samples were analyzed for their suspended solid content, nutrient levels, metals and chlorophyll-a concentrations as well as in situ water quality parameters. Sediment samples were analyzed for metal concentrations, organic carbon and water content, as well as sediment size distribution. Invertebrates were collected using the following sampling techniques: aquatic light trap, terrestrial light trap, emergent trap, sweep net, plankton net, as well as benthic sampling using an Eckman grab.
- Full Text:
A community development project management model in a deprived community in Moretele, Mpumalanga
- Authors: Magano, Emma
- Date: 2008-10-17T13:12:57Z
- Subjects: Economic development projects , Industrial development projects , Community development , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12590 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1237
- Description: M.A. , A stable environment for future economic growth in South Africa will depend on curbing violence, crime and poverty. Government has started to address the development backlog by initiating programmes such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). Urgent problems such as housing shortages, the education crisis, unemployment, violence and poverty are receiving priority. This has had a further effect on the policy of service delivery in the field of Social Work, hence there is a paradigm shift towards development social work as emphasized in the White paper for Social Welfare (Government Gazette, 1997). Communities establish development projects with the aim of creating jobs, etc but are not aware of the process involved (e.g. management) for such a project to be successful. For this reason the researcher is of the opinion that many community development projects fail due to the fact that they are not managed properly. The main goal of the study is to develop guidelines on how to manage development projects in deprived communities. A qualitative exploratory study was used to address the following main question: “How do you manage your project?” A non-probability sampling procedure was used to select two projects that were under study. The data collection methods that were employed were face-to-face and focus group interviews, observation and the analysis of project documents. The method of data analysis utilized was data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. The following main themes were identified as important entities in the management of community development projects: teamwork, planning, implementation, monitoring and control, leadership and evaluation. All these themes are considered to be very important in ensuring project success. , Prof. J.B.S Nel
- Full Text:
- Authors: Magano, Emma
- Date: 2008-10-17T13:12:57Z
- Subjects: Economic development projects , Industrial development projects , Community development , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12590 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1237
- Description: M.A. , A stable environment for future economic growth in South Africa will depend on curbing violence, crime and poverty. Government has started to address the development backlog by initiating programmes such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP). Urgent problems such as housing shortages, the education crisis, unemployment, violence and poverty are receiving priority. This has had a further effect on the policy of service delivery in the field of Social Work, hence there is a paradigm shift towards development social work as emphasized in the White paper for Social Welfare (Government Gazette, 1997). Communities establish development projects with the aim of creating jobs, etc but are not aware of the process involved (e.g. management) for such a project to be successful. For this reason the researcher is of the opinion that many community development projects fail due to the fact that they are not managed properly. The main goal of the study is to develop guidelines on how to manage development projects in deprived communities. A qualitative exploratory study was used to address the following main question: “How do you manage your project?” A non-probability sampling procedure was used to select two projects that were under study. The data collection methods that were employed were face-to-face and focus group interviews, observation and the analysis of project documents. The method of data analysis utilized was data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing. The following main themes were identified as important entities in the management of community development projects: teamwork, planning, implementation, monitoring and control, leadership and evaluation. All these themes are considered to be very important in ensuring project success. , Prof. J.B.S Nel
- Full Text:
Secondary school teachers experiences of implementing a sexuality education programme in the life orientation learning area in Mpumalanga
- Authors: Mahlo, Francina Dikeledi
- Date: 2008-06-12T10:59:55Z
- Subjects: High school teachers' in-service training , Sex instruction study and teaching , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:2708 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/614
- Description: The child needs to be introduced to all facets of being an adult, whether a woman or a man. For this to be done a planned and organised education should be done. If a child is inadequately educated in this regard life will remain alien and closed, and despite all the opportunities, she or he might never become fully actualised as a man or a woman. Sexuality Education is therefore aimed at helping learners at school to develop a positive view of sexuality, providing them with the necessary information, clarify values and the necessary social skills to make wise and to make wise and informed decisions about all matters relating to their sexuality. Promotion of a healthy personal life-style for learners, they are enabled to be morally independent, accountable, dedicated and responsible adults, all are learnt in Sexuality Education. Teachers and parents play an important role in guiding the learners towards adulthood, according to the values and norms of the society. Parental involvement in sexuality education is essential, but in the modern context parents are seemingly not able to cope with the responsibility due to a number of social and economic issues. Much of the education is left to the schools and responsibility is placed particularly on Life Orientation teachers to respond to this educational imperative. In-service teachers receive training in Sexuality Education in the Life Orientation learning area by way of in-service training workshops to support them in this role. It is, however documented that ”although Sexuality Education programmes have been around for many years, most programmes have not been as effective as hoped” (Edwards, 1998). This raises a question as to whether in-service teachers who are trained in a particular Sexuality Education programme in a certain region in Mpumalanga are indeed implementing it as was intended in the training. In order to partly answer this question, this study will therefore focus on secondary school teachers’ experiences of implementing this particular Sexuality Education programme. , Dr. M.P. Van der Merwe
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mahlo, Francina Dikeledi
- Date: 2008-06-12T10:59:55Z
- Subjects: High school teachers' in-service training , Sex instruction study and teaching , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Mini-Dissertation
- Identifier: uj:2708 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/614
- Description: The child needs to be introduced to all facets of being an adult, whether a woman or a man. For this to be done a planned and organised education should be done. If a child is inadequately educated in this regard life will remain alien and closed, and despite all the opportunities, she or he might never become fully actualised as a man or a woman. Sexuality Education is therefore aimed at helping learners at school to develop a positive view of sexuality, providing them with the necessary information, clarify values and the necessary social skills to make wise and to make wise and informed decisions about all matters relating to their sexuality. Promotion of a healthy personal life-style for learners, they are enabled to be morally independent, accountable, dedicated and responsible adults, all are learnt in Sexuality Education. Teachers and parents play an important role in guiding the learners towards adulthood, according to the values and norms of the society. Parental involvement in sexuality education is essential, but in the modern context parents are seemingly not able to cope with the responsibility due to a number of social and economic issues. Much of the education is left to the schools and responsibility is placed particularly on Life Orientation teachers to respond to this educational imperative. In-service teachers receive training in Sexuality Education in the Life Orientation learning area by way of in-service training workshops to support them in this role. It is, however documented that ”although Sexuality Education programmes have been around for many years, most programmes have not been as effective as hoped” (Edwards, 1998). This raises a question as to whether in-service teachers who are trained in a particular Sexuality Education programme in a certain region in Mpumalanga are indeed implementing it as was intended in the training. In order to partly answer this question, this study will therefore focus on secondary school teachers’ experiences of implementing this particular Sexuality Education programme. , Dr. M.P. Van der Merwe
- Full Text:
Educators views on the implementation of environmental education in the Revised National Curriculum Statement.
- Mkhwanazi, Hellen Ntombifuthi
- Authors: Mkhwanazi, Hellen Ntombifuthi
- Date: 2008-10-14T11:27:58Z
- Subjects: environmental education , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1190
- Description: M.Ed. , The Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) aims to develop the full potential of each learner as a citizen of a democratic South Africa. It seeks to create a lifelong learner who is confident and independent, literate, numerate, and multi-skilled, compassionate, with a respect for the environment and the ability to participate in a society as a critical and active citizen (DoE, 2002:08). The aim of this study was to investigate educators’ views concerning the implementation of environmental education in the RNCS. It also seeks to identify difficulties/challenges, which they experience in implementing Environmental Education (EE) in line with the RNCS. The data was collected using qualitative techniques of lesson observations and focus groups interviews and the study was conducted in Mpumalanga province, Gert Sibande Region, with four schools in four different circuits. The findings indicate that most educators are happy about the new curriculum and the environment as an integral approach in the RNCS, but that they still need to learn more about dealing with the EE in the curriculum. It was found that educators are eager to learn, hence the majority indicated that they still need more workshops on environmental learning and RNCS. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that curriculum implementers and subject advisors take the leading role in ensuring that EE is well implemented in the RNCS. The main findings are that teachers are happy with EE in the RNCS, but that there is a need for support programmes for the RNCS and for the implementation of EE in the RNCS. , Prof. H.G. van Rooyen
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mkhwanazi, Hellen Ntombifuthi
- Date: 2008-10-14T11:27:58Z
- Subjects: environmental education , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12167 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1190
- Description: M.Ed. , The Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) aims to develop the full potential of each learner as a citizen of a democratic South Africa. It seeks to create a lifelong learner who is confident and independent, literate, numerate, and multi-skilled, compassionate, with a respect for the environment and the ability to participate in a society as a critical and active citizen (DoE, 2002:08). The aim of this study was to investigate educators’ views concerning the implementation of environmental education in the RNCS. It also seeks to identify difficulties/challenges, which they experience in implementing Environmental Education (EE) in line with the RNCS. The data was collected using qualitative techniques of lesson observations and focus groups interviews and the study was conducted in Mpumalanga province, Gert Sibande Region, with four schools in four different circuits. The findings indicate that most educators are happy about the new curriculum and the environment as an integral approach in the RNCS, but that they still need to learn more about dealing with the EE in the curriculum. It was found that educators are eager to learn, hence the majority indicated that they still need more workshops on environmental learning and RNCS. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that curriculum implementers and subject advisors take the leading role in ensuring that EE is well implemented in the RNCS. The main findings are that teachers are happy with EE in the RNCS, but that there is a need for support programmes for the RNCS and for the implementation of EE in the RNCS. , Prof. H.G. van Rooyen
- Full Text:
The provisioning of information and communication technology resources in the Mpumalanga Department of Education in FET schools in the Gert Sibande district.
- Authors: Mofokeng, Peter Lebetse
- Date: 2008-10-14T11:23:56Z
- Subjects: Mpumalanga (South Africa) , universities and colleges , information technology
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12030 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1177
- Description: M.Ed. , This research provides an analysis on provisioning of information and communication technology (ICT) resources at public further education and training (FET) at Gert Sibande region in Mpumalanga province. In particular the research focuses on the readiness of public FET schools in Gert Sibande region to implement e-Education policy. The main purpose of this inquiry is to conduct baseline surveys focused on the factors that may influence the provisioning of ICT resources in the Gert Sibande region in the MDE. The literature study revealed that computers can deliver and promote high quality education (Kuperstein and Gentile, 1998: 87). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adds more value to education systems (Forcier, 1996). Since the use of ICT in schools has been shown to be effective, many educators, parents and students already believe that ICT should be the integral part of the South African Education System (Department of Education, 1996). In this study I have collected quantitative data from the participants through survey questionnaires from both the school management teams (SMT) and ICT officials at Gert Sibande region. From the findings on analysis of data, I clustered survey questions (See Annexure A & B) with similar focus into four categories each of which will be explained in greater detail in chapter 4 and 5, namely: • White paper 7 (Interaction), derived from question 4 and 7, • Capacity development of ICT literacy of educators, resultant of question 2 • Policies on distribution/provisioning of ICT resources, derived from question 5, 6, 7 and 8, and • Feasibility of White paper 7 on e-education derived from question 9 and 10. , Prof. D. van der Westhuizen
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mofokeng, Peter Lebetse
- Date: 2008-10-14T11:23:56Z
- Subjects: Mpumalanga (South Africa) , universities and colleges , information technology
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12030 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1177
- Description: M.Ed. , This research provides an analysis on provisioning of information and communication technology (ICT) resources at public further education and training (FET) at Gert Sibande region in Mpumalanga province. In particular the research focuses on the readiness of public FET schools in Gert Sibande region to implement e-Education policy. The main purpose of this inquiry is to conduct baseline surveys focused on the factors that may influence the provisioning of ICT resources in the Gert Sibande region in the MDE. The literature study revealed that computers can deliver and promote high quality education (Kuperstein and Gentile, 1998: 87). Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adds more value to education systems (Forcier, 1996). Since the use of ICT in schools has been shown to be effective, many educators, parents and students already believe that ICT should be the integral part of the South African Education System (Department of Education, 1996). In this study I have collected quantitative data from the participants through survey questionnaires from both the school management teams (SMT) and ICT officials at Gert Sibande region. From the findings on analysis of data, I clustered survey questions (See Annexure A & B) with similar focus into four categories each of which will be explained in greater detail in chapter 4 and 5, namely: • White paper 7 (Interaction), derived from question 4 and 7, • Capacity development of ICT literacy of educators, resultant of question 2 • Policies on distribution/provisioning of ICT resources, derived from question 5, 6, 7 and 8, and • Feasibility of White paper 7 on e-education derived from question 9 and 10. , Prof. D. van der Westhuizen
- Full Text:
The impact of power station emissions on surface water quality in Mpumalanga: the case of Majuba Power Station
- Authors: Molebatsi, Nompumelelo
- Date: 2009-02-05T07:12:48Z
- Subjects: Water quality , Water pollution , Power plants , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8086 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2015
- Description: M.Sc. , The impact of air pollution by power stations on water quality, just like any other source of water pollution, is an issue of concern for all the water users since any degradation in water quality affects the water's suitability for use. The study area in which Majuba power station is located was chosen because it is in an area free of industrialisation, and is also part of the Vaal catchment. This catchment area is very important because of its water supply for Gauteng province and provides an ideal opportunity to monitor surface water pollution from atmospheric sources such as power stations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the chemical, physical and biological quality of surface water in the vicinity (within a 31 kilometre radius) of Majuba power station. The study will determine whether this power station is causing any salinity and acidity problems at the chosen sampling sites. Salinity and acidity are water quality problems associated with atmospheric pollution. The aim of the study is to determine whether proximity to Majuba power station has an effect on the surrounding surface water quality. The research was conducted by means of water quality sampling, analyses and assessment. Water quality samples were taken from six sites (Majuba 1 to Majuba 6) in the vicinity of Majuba power station over a period of three years (1997 to 1999). The approach was to take four samples in a year coinciding with the four seasons of the year. Due to logistical problems only two sampling trips were undertaken, during 1997. In 1998 and 1999 the full four sampling trips were undertaken however in some instances the river was dry or was flooded hence no samples could be taken at the affected sampling sites (although a trip to the sampling site was made). The biological analyses where done on site using the biomonitoring technique while chemical analyses were performed at the laboratory at Eskom. The biomonitoring assessment was done using the biomonitoring technique. The chemical results were assessed in terms of the suitability for use for the aquatic environment. This was done by using the water quality guidelines for the aquatic environment. The chemical results indicated that in terms of salinity and acidity the site closest to the power station, namely Majuba 1 had the worst water quality of the six sites. Majuba 1 also had the worst results in terms of biomonitoring. Majuba 2 indicated elevated salinity levels. The other four sites, namely Majuba 3 to 6, did not indicate either salinisation or acidification. However, the biomonitoring results at these sites indicated, with the exception of Majuba 4, some deterioration in water quality. Majuba 4 had the best water quality in terms of biomonitoring. Reasons for this could not be determined. At present it is still premature to say whether acidity in the water is a problem. This is a preliminary study and currently a more detailed multidisciplinary study that includes disciplines such as atmospheric deposition, groundwater chemistry, soil profiles and hydrology is being undertaken on the Upper Vaal catchment to comprehensively determine the impact of air pollution from power stations on the surface water quality. The proposal will be presented to the South African Water Research Commission. The ultimate aim of the multidisciplinary study is to inform decision makers in water quality management sector regarding the impact of air pollution on surface water quality, in order for them to put in place abatement technologies or strategies to mitigate surface water quality pollution.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Molebatsi, Nompumelelo
- Date: 2009-02-05T07:12:48Z
- Subjects: Water quality , Water pollution , Power plants , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8086 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2015
- Description: M.Sc. , The impact of air pollution by power stations on water quality, just like any other source of water pollution, is an issue of concern for all the water users since any degradation in water quality affects the water's suitability for use. The study area in which Majuba power station is located was chosen because it is in an area free of industrialisation, and is also part of the Vaal catchment. This catchment area is very important because of its water supply for Gauteng province and provides an ideal opportunity to monitor surface water pollution from atmospheric sources such as power stations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the chemical, physical and biological quality of surface water in the vicinity (within a 31 kilometre radius) of Majuba power station. The study will determine whether this power station is causing any salinity and acidity problems at the chosen sampling sites. Salinity and acidity are water quality problems associated with atmospheric pollution. The aim of the study is to determine whether proximity to Majuba power station has an effect on the surrounding surface water quality. The research was conducted by means of water quality sampling, analyses and assessment. Water quality samples were taken from six sites (Majuba 1 to Majuba 6) in the vicinity of Majuba power station over a period of three years (1997 to 1999). The approach was to take four samples in a year coinciding with the four seasons of the year. Due to logistical problems only two sampling trips were undertaken, during 1997. In 1998 and 1999 the full four sampling trips were undertaken however in some instances the river was dry or was flooded hence no samples could be taken at the affected sampling sites (although a trip to the sampling site was made). The biological analyses where done on site using the biomonitoring technique while chemical analyses were performed at the laboratory at Eskom. The biomonitoring assessment was done using the biomonitoring technique. The chemical results were assessed in terms of the suitability for use for the aquatic environment. This was done by using the water quality guidelines for the aquatic environment. The chemical results indicated that in terms of salinity and acidity the site closest to the power station, namely Majuba 1 had the worst water quality of the six sites. Majuba 1 also had the worst results in terms of biomonitoring. Majuba 2 indicated elevated salinity levels. The other four sites, namely Majuba 3 to 6, did not indicate either salinisation or acidification. However, the biomonitoring results at these sites indicated, with the exception of Majuba 4, some deterioration in water quality. Majuba 4 had the best water quality in terms of biomonitoring. Reasons for this could not be determined. At present it is still premature to say whether acidity in the water is a problem. This is a preliminary study and currently a more detailed multidisciplinary study that includes disciplines such as atmospheric deposition, groundwater chemistry, soil profiles and hydrology is being undertaken on the Upper Vaal catchment to comprehensively determine the impact of air pollution from power stations on the surface water quality. The proposal will be presented to the South African Water Research Commission. The ultimate aim of the multidisciplinary study is to inform decision makers in water quality management sector regarding the impact of air pollution on surface water quality, in order for them to put in place abatement technologies or strategies to mitigate surface water quality pollution.
- Full Text:
The principal as leader: implications for school effectiveness.
- Authors: Motshana, Segokgo Solomon
- Date: 2008-10-14T11:26:20Z
- Subjects: school principals , effective teaching , educational leadership , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12127 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1186
- Description: M.Ed. , Key legislative acts and policy papers have been adopted to guide the transformation process these include the National Policy Act 27 of 1996, the National Qualifications Framework, South African Schools Act 84 of 1996, Curriculum 2005, and the Employment of Educators Act 1998 to name but few (Meyer and Motala 1998:1). Over and above these there is the Mpumalanga School Education Act 8 of 1995, Norms and Standards for school funding and numerous Educator Labour Relations Council resolutions that serve to guide the transformation process. All these acts and policy papers are initiatives of the state to ensure school competency and hopefully school effectiveness. Their dependence is substantially on strengthening capacity to plan, manage and supervise schools. Meyer and Motala (1998:1) further indicate that for the implementation of all acts and policy papers require a change in organisational culture and the development of appropriate capacities. The most important source of the required capacity to ensure school management and leadership is broadly in the hands of the principal. These rapid changes in acts and policies in our school system are creating a leadership crisis in the Mpumalanga schools. School principals as such commonly blame these rapid changes for their paralysis. On the other hand the Mpumalanga Department of Education (MDE) is randomly and sporadically conducting induction programmes, seminars, conferences and workshops for principals to ensure that principals understands and at least develop the capacity for effective school leadership. According to Bailey and Jenkins (1996:14) these initiatives alone can hardly sustain the needs of the school principals. , Prof. T.C. Bisschoff
- Full Text:
- Authors: Motshana, Segokgo Solomon
- Date: 2008-10-14T11:26:20Z
- Subjects: school principals , effective teaching , educational leadership , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12127 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1186
- Description: M.Ed. , Key legislative acts and policy papers have been adopted to guide the transformation process these include the National Policy Act 27 of 1996, the National Qualifications Framework, South African Schools Act 84 of 1996, Curriculum 2005, and the Employment of Educators Act 1998 to name but few (Meyer and Motala 1998:1). Over and above these there is the Mpumalanga School Education Act 8 of 1995, Norms and Standards for school funding and numerous Educator Labour Relations Council resolutions that serve to guide the transformation process. All these acts and policy papers are initiatives of the state to ensure school competency and hopefully school effectiveness. Their dependence is substantially on strengthening capacity to plan, manage and supervise schools. Meyer and Motala (1998:1) further indicate that for the implementation of all acts and policy papers require a change in organisational culture and the development of appropriate capacities. The most important source of the required capacity to ensure school management and leadership is broadly in the hands of the principal. These rapid changes in acts and policies in our school system are creating a leadership crisis in the Mpumalanga schools. School principals as such commonly blame these rapid changes for their paralysis. On the other hand the Mpumalanga Department of Education (MDE) is randomly and sporadically conducting induction programmes, seminars, conferences and workshops for principals to ensure that principals understands and at least develop the capacity for effective school leadership. According to Bailey and Jenkins (1996:14) these initiatives alone can hardly sustain the needs of the school principals. , Prof. T.C. Bisschoff
- Full Text:
The assessment of instructional leadership as an aspect to improve learner achievement.
- Mthombeni, Phumzile Priscillia
- Authors: Mthombeni, Phumzile Priscillia
- Date: 2008-10-14T11:25:35Z
- Subjects: educational leadership , school principals , academic achievement , training of teachers , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12083 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1182
- Description: M.Ed. , The school effectiveness studies that began appearing in the 1970's have suggested that leadership in schools with improving learner achievement differed from leadership in schools with declining learner achievement. The difference was mainly due to the fact that principals of schools that were improving were seen to be instructional leaders who are focused on the implementation of effective instructional programmes (Sybouts and Wendel, 1994: 19). The research by Hallinger and Heck that was conducted in 1996, supports the above argument. In their research they assessed forty studies of the principals' instructional role. Their report illuminated that three quarters of their studies conceptualised the role of the principal in effective schools as the instructional leader. When emphasizing the relationship between instructional leadership and learner achievement, Hopkins (2001:16) mentions that the domain of instructional leadership is the focus on student learning and achievement. Gary (1993:37) also supports the suggestion that there is a relationship between the leadership of the school and learner achievement. He contends that learning should be placed at the heart of school leadership. In order for principals to achieve excellence in learner achievement it is essential to exercise effective instructional leadership which is the path to good learning and teaching (National Department of Education, 2001:1). The above concepts of instructional leadership suggest that principals are shouldered with the responsibility of propelling the teaching and learning activities in the right direction. Nanus (1996:5) succinctly states that the principal should constantly improve every aspect of management and governance and he/ she should always strive for excellence. , Prof. B.R Grobler
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mthombeni, Phumzile Priscillia
- Date: 2008-10-14T11:25:35Z
- Subjects: educational leadership , school principals , academic achievement , training of teachers , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12083 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1182
- Description: M.Ed. , The school effectiveness studies that began appearing in the 1970's have suggested that leadership in schools with improving learner achievement differed from leadership in schools with declining learner achievement. The difference was mainly due to the fact that principals of schools that were improving were seen to be instructional leaders who are focused on the implementation of effective instructional programmes (Sybouts and Wendel, 1994: 19). The research by Hallinger and Heck that was conducted in 1996, supports the above argument. In their research they assessed forty studies of the principals' instructional role. Their report illuminated that three quarters of their studies conceptualised the role of the principal in effective schools as the instructional leader. When emphasizing the relationship between instructional leadership and learner achievement, Hopkins (2001:16) mentions that the domain of instructional leadership is the focus on student learning and achievement. Gary (1993:37) also supports the suggestion that there is a relationship between the leadership of the school and learner achievement. He contends that learning should be placed at the heart of school leadership. In order for principals to achieve excellence in learner achievement it is essential to exercise effective instructional leadership which is the path to good learning and teaching (National Department of Education, 2001:1). The above concepts of instructional leadership suggest that principals are shouldered with the responsibility of propelling the teaching and learning activities in the right direction. Nanus (1996:5) succinctly states that the principal should constantly improve every aspect of management and governance and he/ she should always strive for excellence. , Prof. B.R Grobler
- Full Text:
The technological process as framework for the improvement of instruction of technology.
- Authors: Nkosi, Duduzile Faith
- Date: 2008-10-27T06:32:29Z
- Subjects: Mpumalanga (South Africa) , training of teachers , technology study and teaching (secondary)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1306
- Description: M.Ed. , Technology is relatively a new learning area that has been phased into grade 7 in 2000 as part of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE). Teachers have limited background knowledge in teaching technology, as they did not do technology in their pre-service training. In Mpumalanga, primary school teachers have a limited insight in the understanding of the technological process because they were only trained in the simplified version, namely that stated in the policy document, which has only some stages of the technological process. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the use of the thinking subprocesses and following the ten stages of the technological process can assist a teacher in the planning and teaching of a lesson in technology. A three days intervention was conducted in which twenty-five teachers were trained in the technology outcomes, teaching strategies, lesson planning format, the thinking subprocesses and the ten stages of the technological process. This was a case study following the qualitative research inquiry. One teacher was observed and interviewed, and her lesson plans studied. She was chosen from the group that attended the intervention. The research questions that formed the core of the study were, “how can the thinking subprocesses and the ten stages of the technological process assist teachers with the planning and teaching of the lesson?” and “What are the effects thereof in the planning of lessons?” Data was collected through observations, interviews and a review of documents. The findings revealed that when a teacher was following a technological process when planning the technology lessons, she used it as a framework for the lesson plan. She also used the technological process as a structure for the teaching of the lesson in class. As the teacher had a minimum knowledge of the technology content and teaching approaches, it also became clear that when she knew what aspects should be considered when planning and teaching, she managed to find the content information on what should be taught in her classes. Following the technological process gave her the confidence and guidance in the gathering of resources and the teaching of lessons. , Prof. P.J. Ankiewics
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nkosi, Duduzile Faith
- Date: 2008-10-27T06:32:29Z
- Subjects: Mpumalanga (South Africa) , training of teachers , technology study and teaching (secondary)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13106 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1306
- Description: M.Ed. , Technology is relatively a new learning area that has been phased into grade 7 in 2000 as part of Outcomes-Based Education (OBE). Teachers have limited background knowledge in teaching technology, as they did not do technology in their pre-service training. In Mpumalanga, primary school teachers have a limited insight in the understanding of the technological process because they were only trained in the simplified version, namely that stated in the policy document, which has only some stages of the technological process. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the use of the thinking subprocesses and following the ten stages of the technological process can assist a teacher in the planning and teaching of a lesson in technology. A three days intervention was conducted in which twenty-five teachers were trained in the technology outcomes, teaching strategies, lesson planning format, the thinking subprocesses and the ten stages of the technological process. This was a case study following the qualitative research inquiry. One teacher was observed and interviewed, and her lesson plans studied. She was chosen from the group that attended the intervention. The research questions that formed the core of the study were, “how can the thinking subprocesses and the ten stages of the technological process assist teachers with the planning and teaching of the lesson?” and “What are the effects thereof in the planning of lessons?” Data was collected through observations, interviews and a review of documents. The findings revealed that when a teacher was following a technological process when planning the technology lessons, she used it as a framework for the lesson plan. She also used the technological process as a structure for the teaching of the lesson in class. As the teacher had a minimum knowledge of the technology content and teaching approaches, it also became clear that when she knew what aspects should be considered when planning and teaching, she managed to find the content information on what should be taught in her classes. Following the technological process gave her the confidence and guidance in the gathering of resources and the teaching of lessons. , Prof. P.J. Ankiewics
- Full Text:
An ecotoxicological investigation into the ecological integrity of a segment of the Elands River, Mpumalanga, South Africa
- Authors: O'Brien, Gordon Craig
- Date: 2008-10-16T05:49:25Z
- Subjects: Water pollution , Mpumalanga (South Africa) , Elands River (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12376 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1215
- Description: M.Sc. , The Elands River (Incomati System, Mpumalanga) is a biologically diverse and ecologically important riverine system. In terms of the South African National Water Law, the river can be regarded as an aquatic resource, with social, ecological and economical benefits to the local population and the environment itself. The ecological status of the system has, however been questioned, whereby concerns relating to the water quality and the ecological health of the Elands River has been raised. Initially, the concerns focused on an accidental industrial spill of “black liquor” into the Elands River by the Paper Mill at Ngodwana. Subsequently the groundwater in the vicinity of the Ngodwana Mill has possibly been contaminated with chlorides. The contaminated subsurface water has been discharged into the river, and is suspected to be impacting, primarily in the form of increased salinity, the integrity of the Elands River. This study assessed the ecological integrity of a segment of the Elands River between Waterval- Boven and the confluence of the Elands River with the Crocodile River. In addition this study investigated the possibility that increased chloride-based salinity levels were the factors affecting the ecological integrity of the Elands River. The study is divided into three main components. The environmental component involves the assessment of the surface water quality and flow, physical profile, current aquatic habitat status and a biotic integrity assessment of the Elands River and the Crocodile River directly above and below the confluence with the Elands River. An ecotoxicological component incorporated a bioassay of selected chloride-based salts, using daphnids and selected fish species as test organisms. Finally an Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out to evaluate the likelihood that adverse effects were impacting on the Elands River, as a result of the activities of the Ngodwana Mill. The water quality was assessed by implementing the methodology for the determination of present ecological status: water quality, as part of the preliminary determination of the ecological reserve. Historical water quality data were obtained from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry and from Sappi. During the study, current water quality parameters were obtained from Sappi and parameters were independently sampled. Analyses of the water quality indicated that the Elands River has been subjected to eutrophication and increased levels of chloride-based salinity. Habitat integrity was analysed by constructing two dimensional site transects of the riparian zone and instream channel. Additional habitat indices, the Integrated Habitat Assessment System, the Habitat Cover Ratings and the Site Habitat Integrity system were applied. Habitat results indicate that the in stream habitats of the Elands River are abundant and linked to the flow regime. Additionally the assessments indicated that the habitat makeup of the Elands and Crocodile rivers is primarily riffle, run and rapids habitats, which facilitate the requirements of numerous invertebrate and vertebrate aquatic communities. Biotic assessments studied the integrity of the vegetation, invertebrates and ichthyofaunal communities. The integrity of the vegetation community was assessed by implementing the Riparian Vegetation Index. Results indicated that the riparian vegetation community was modified in varying degrees due to the encroachment of exotic and terrestrial vegetation elements and by anthropogenic activities. The integrity of the invertebrate communities were assessed by implementing the South African Scoring System. Results indicated that the integrity of the invertebrate community was exceptionally high in the vicinity of Hemlock. The invertebrate community structure changed however in areas were a water quality contamination was observed. The ichthyofaunal attributes were assessed by implementing the Fish Assemblages Integrity Index and the Sensitivity Weighted Index of Biotic Integrity. The ichthyofauna assessment revealed two aspects that have conservation importance. These aspects are the occurrence of an endangered species, Chiloglanis bifurcus, and a potentially geologically isolated subspecies of Labeo-barbus polylepis. The index results indicated that the ichthyofauna community structure followed similar trends to the invertebrates by responding to the mentioned stressors. Toxicological assessments were carried out using the standard Daphnid 48-hour LC50 and fish 96-hour LC50 tests. The species selected for the tests were the currently recognized test organisms (Daphnia pulex and Poecilia reticulata) in South Africa. Additional fish species were included in the tests, these species were Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus. Chloride-based salts were selected as the toxicants; these included calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium chloride. The tests were carried out under controlled conditions using standardised protocols. Results indicated that in excess, chloride-based salinity is toxic to invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. Additionally findings indicated that potassium chloride was the most toxic and sodium chloride the least toxic of the salts. Calcium chloride was selected as the most representative salt to represent salinity. The Ecological Risk Assessment was implemented after international and national frameworks were considered. The assessment was primarily based on the results obtained from the integrity assessment of the Elands and Crocodile rivers. Results obtained indicated that the localised biological template of the Elands River, in the vicinity of the Ngodwana Mill is moderately impacted by the activities of the Mill. The impact is primarily associated with the increased salinity content of the Elands River. Effects of the stressors were modified in relation to a dilution effect. Risks posed by the stressors are deemed to be restricted to a localised area, and it is highly improbable that the stressors would result in the loss of the biotic diversity and thus the ecosystem of the Elands River as a whole. Should the current situation prevail, the intensity and spatial extent or distribution of the stressor could increase. , Dr. V. Wepener
- Full Text:
- Authors: O'Brien, Gordon Craig
- Date: 2008-10-16T05:49:25Z
- Subjects: Water pollution , Mpumalanga (South Africa) , Elands River (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12376 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1215
- Description: M.Sc. , The Elands River (Incomati System, Mpumalanga) is a biologically diverse and ecologically important riverine system. In terms of the South African National Water Law, the river can be regarded as an aquatic resource, with social, ecological and economical benefits to the local population and the environment itself. The ecological status of the system has, however been questioned, whereby concerns relating to the water quality and the ecological health of the Elands River has been raised. Initially, the concerns focused on an accidental industrial spill of “black liquor” into the Elands River by the Paper Mill at Ngodwana. Subsequently the groundwater in the vicinity of the Ngodwana Mill has possibly been contaminated with chlorides. The contaminated subsurface water has been discharged into the river, and is suspected to be impacting, primarily in the form of increased salinity, the integrity of the Elands River. This study assessed the ecological integrity of a segment of the Elands River between Waterval- Boven and the confluence of the Elands River with the Crocodile River. In addition this study investigated the possibility that increased chloride-based salinity levels were the factors affecting the ecological integrity of the Elands River. The study is divided into three main components. The environmental component involves the assessment of the surface water quality and flow, physical profile, current aquatic habitat status and a biotic integrity assessment of the Elands River and the Crocodile River directly above and below the confluence with the Elands River. An ecotoxicological component incorporated a bioassay of selected chloride-based salts, using daphnids and selected fish species as test organisms. Finally an Ecological Risk Assessment was carried out to evaluate the likelihood that adverse effects were impacting on the Elands River, as a result of the activities of the Ngodwana Mill. The water quality was assessed by implementing the methodology for the determination of present ecological status: water quality, as part of the preliminary determination of the ecological reserve. Historical water quality data were obtained from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry and from Sappi. During the study, current water quality parameters were obtained from Sappi and parameters were independently sampled. Analyses of the water quality indicated that the Elands River has been subjected to eutrophication and increased levels of chloride-based salinity. Habitat integrity was analysed by constructing two dimensional site transects of the riparian zone and instream channel. Additional habitat indices, the Integrated Habitat Assessment System, the Habitat Cover Ratings and the Site Habitat Integrity system were applied. Habitat results indicate that the in stream habitats of the Elands River are abundant and linked to the flow regime. Additionally the assessments indicated that the habitat makeup of the Elands and Crocodile rivers is primarily riffle, run and rapids habitats, which facilitate the requirements of numerous invertebrate and vertebrate aquatic communities. Biotic assessments studied the integrity of the vegetation, invertebrates and ichthyofaunal communities. The integrity of the vegetation community was assessed by implementing the Riparian Vegetation Index. Results indicated that the riparian vegetation community was modified in varying degrees due to the encroachment of exotic and terrestrial vegetation elements and by anthropogenic activities. The integrity of the invertebrate communities were assessed by implementing the South African Scoring System. Results indicated that the integrity of the invertebrate community was exceptionally high in the vicinity of Hemlock. The invertebrate community structure changed however in areas were a water quality contamination was observed. The ichthyofaunal attributes were assessed by implementing the Fish Assemblages Integrity Index and the Sensitivity Weighted Index of Biotic Integrity. The ichthyofauna assessment revealed two aspects that have conservation importance. These aspects are the occurrence of an endangered species, Chiloglanis bifurcus, and a potentially geologically isolated subspecies of Labeo-barbus polylepis. The index results indicated that the ichthyofauna community structure followed similar trends to the invertebrates by responding to the mentioned stressors. Toxicological assessments were carried out using the standard Daphnid 48-hour LC50 and fish 96-hour LC50 tests. The species selected for the tests were the currently recognized test organisms (Daphnia pulex and Poecilia reticulata) in South Africa. Additional fish species were included in the tests, these species were Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus. Chloride-based salts were selected as the toxicants; these included calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium chloride. The tests were carried out under controlled conditions using standardised protocols. Results indicated that in excess, chloride-based salinity is toxic to invertebrate and vertebrate organisms. Additionally findings indicated that potassium chloride was the most toxic and sodium chloride the least toxic of the salts. Calcium chloride was selected as the most representative salt to represent salinity. The Ecological Risk Assessment was implemented after international and national frameworks were considered. The assessment was primarily based on the results obtained from the integrity assessment of the Elands and Crocodile rivers. Results obtained indicated that the localised biological template of the Elands River, in the vicinity of the Ngodwana Mill is moderately impacted by the activities of the Mill. The impact is primarily associated with the increased salinity content of the Elands River. Effects of the stressors were modified in relation to a dilution effect. Risks posed by the stressors are deemed to be restricted to a localised area, and it is highly improbable that the stressors would result in the loss of the biotic diversity and thus the ecosystem of the Elands River as a whole. Should the current situation prevail, the intensity and spatial extent or distribution of the stressor could increase. , Dr. V. Wepener
- Full Text:
The inorganic chemistry and geochemical evolution of pans in the Mpumalanga Lakes District, South Africa
- Authors: Russell, Jennifer Lee
- Date: 2009-11-06
- Subjects: Pans (Geomorphology) , Water chemistry , Chemistry, Inorganic , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8636 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2994
- Description: Master of Science , Despite Chrissie Lake being South Africa’s largest freshwater lake, the chemistry of this lake and the surrounding lakes and pans in the Mpumalanga Lake District has never been studied in detail. These closed systems show varying chemistry while being in very close proximity to one another, adding to the uniqueness of this area where pans, usually typical of arid regions, are found in a humid area. The factors affecting the water chemistry of these lakes needed to be identified and explained. In order to evaluate the water chemistry in this unique environment, water samples were taken at the end of the wet and dry seasons, in April and September 2007 respectively. The major pans were sampled, as were adjacent fountains or springs, indicative of the perched groundwater aquifers found in this area, as well as borehole water from the surrounding farms. Alkalinity was determined by manual titration upon returning from the field while pH and conductivity measurements were performed on site. Major cations and anions were analysed for using ICP-OES and Ion Chromatography respectively. Sediment samples were collected from the floor of each pan in the summer sampling and the mineralogy determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). During September 2007 sampling, precipitates found on the floors and banks of the pans were also collected and analysed using XRD, to identify mineral species precipitating from solution. Results from the above analyses show that each pan in the MLD has a unique chemistry, which cannot be inferred from neighbouring pans. The inorganic chemistry differs from pan to pan as a result of these separate, closed systems being at different stages of the evaporation process. Throughout the path from groundwater to the pan, waters are subject to mineral dissolution and precipitation, adsorption and biological mechanisms, which continually add or remove solutes from solution. Although seemingly simple, there are certainly other factors that play a role in the evolution of the water chemistry. Key to the current inorganic chemistry is the balance between import and export of solutes. The groundwater, predominantly the perched aquifer water, brings solutes into the pans and blowouts of precipitates on the pan floor at the end of the dry season, when the wind is strongest, results in the export of solutes. This process is significant in maintaining the overall freshness of the pans in the MLD, contrasting to their western counter parts that evolve to highly saline saltpans. Other factors such as the periodicity of pans drying completely, the surface area to catchment area ratio (CA/SA), the formation and dissolution of efflorescent crusts and the presence or absence of reeds all have varying effects on the water chemistry of the lakes and pans. Significantly, the amount of evaporative concentration that a pan evolves through has been shown to be dependant on the CA/SA ratio with pans having larger ratios being lower in salinity compared to those with low ratios being the most saline pans. The reservoir available to the pans with the large catchment areas sustains these pans through the dry months and slows the progression of evaporation. It is clear that the factors affecting the hydrochemistry of the pan waters can not be simplified to a single process affecting a single dilute inflow of water to produce our final solution of evaporated pan water. Instead, water in the pans reflects a long-term evolution of solute species, with some memory effect remaining after each season of evaporation. The result is an accumulation of solutes as they are added continuously via dilute inflow and then removed from the waters at various times, particularly during dry periods when evaporite minerals are formed and transported out of the system.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Russell, Jennifer Lee
- Date: 2009-11-06
- Subjects: Pans (Geomorphology) , Water chemistry , Chemistry, Inorganic , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8636 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2994
- Description: Master of Science , Despite Chrissie Lake being South Africa’s largest freshwater lake, the chemistry of this lake and the surrounding lakes and pans in the Mpumalanga Lake District has never been studied in detail. These closed systems show varying chemistry while being in very close proximity to one another, adding to the uniqueness of this area where pans, usually typical of arid regions, are found in a humid area. The factors affecting the water chemistry of these lakes needed to be identified and explained. In order to evaluate the water chemistry in this unique environment, water samples were taken at the end of the wet and dry seasons, in April and September 2007 respectively. The major pans were sampled, as were adjacent fountains or springs, indicative of the perched groundwater aquifers found in this area, as well as borehole water from the surrounding farms. Alkalinity was determined by manual titration upon returning from the field while pH and conductivity measurements were performed on site. Major cations and anions were analysed for using ICP-OES and Ion Chromatography respectively. Sediment samples were collected from the floor of each pan in the summer sampling and the mineralogy determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). During September 2007 sampling, precipitates found on the floors and banks of the pans were also collected and analysed using XRD, to identify mineral species precipitating from solution. Results from the above analyses show that each pan in the MLD has a unique chemistry, which cannot be inferred from neighbouring pans. The inorganic chemistry differs from pan to pan as a result of these separate, closed systems being at different stages of the evaporation process. Throughout the path from groundwater to the pan, waters are subject to mineral dissolution and precipitation, adsorption and biological mechanisms, which continually add or remove solutes from solution. Although seemingly simple, there are certainly other factors that play a role in the evolution of the water chemistry. Key to the current inorganic chemistry is the balance between import and export of solutes. The groundwater, predominantly the perched aquifer water, brings solutes into the pans and blowouts of precipitates on the pan floor at the end of the dry season, when the wind is strongest, results in the export of solutes. This process is significant in maintaining the overall freshness of the pans in the MLD, contrasting to their western counter parts that evolve to highly saline saltpans. Other factors such as the periodicity of pans drying completely, the surface area to catchment area ratio (CA/SA), the formation and dissolution of efflorescent crusts and the presence or absence of reeds all have varying effects on the water chemistry of the lakes and pans. Significantly, the amount of evaporative concentration that a pan evolves through has been shown to be dependant on the CA/SA ratio with pans having larger ratios being lower in salinity compared to those with low ratios being the most saline pans. The reservoir available to the pans with the large catchment areas sustains these pans through the dry months and slows the progression of evaporation. It is clear that the factors affecting the hydrochemistry of the pan waters can not be simplified to a single process affecting a single dilute inflow of water to produce our final solution of evaporated pan water. Instead, water in the pans reflects a long-term evolution of solute species, with some memory effect remaining after each season of evaporation. The result is an accumulation of solutes as they are added continuously via dilute inflow and then removed from the waters at various times, particularly during dry periods when evaporite minerals are formed and transported out of the system.
- Full Text:
Geological controls on no. 4 seam roof conditions at New Denmark Colliery, Highveld Coal Field, Karoo Basin, South Africa
- Authors: Stanimirovic, Jasmina
- Date: 2009-01-28T09:43:30Z
- Subjects: Facies (Geology) , Coal , Stratigraphic geology , Sedimentology , Mine roof control , Karoo Supergroup , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14849 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1971
- Description: M.Sc. , The coal-bearing Permian Vryheid Formation of the Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup) was investigated at New Denmark Colliery, situated in the north east section of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. The lithostratigraphy of the sequence is defined in terms of conventional lithostratigraphic terminology but also by applying detailed genetic stratigraphic schemes that have previously been proposed for the adjacent coalfields. The succession is divided up into depositional sequences named after the underlying and overlying coal seams, the No. 2, 3, 4 and 5 seam sequences. The sedimentary succession was divided up into five facies, namely: conglomerate facies, sandstone facies, interlaminated sandstone-siltstone facies, siltstone facies and coal facies. These were interpreted hydrodynamically. Facies assemblages were then interpreted palaeoenvironmentally. Glacial, fluvial, deltaic and transgressive marine sequences were responsible for forming this sedimentary succession. Attention was then focussed on the main economic No. 4 seam, which is mined underground at the colliery. Detailed subsurface geological cross-sections, core sequences and isopach maps of the No. 4 seam coal and the lithologies above, were used to determine specific aspects of the depositional environment that could contribute to unstable roof conditions above No. 4 seam. Coarsening-upward deltaic cycles, fining-upward bedload fluvial cycles, glauconite sandstone marine transgressions and crevasse-splay deposits are recognized in the overlying strata. Poor roof conditions occur parallel to palaeochannel margins because the interbedded channel sandstone and adjacent flood plain argillites cause collapsing along bedding plane surfaces. Rider coals overlying thin crevasse-splay sequences in close proximity to the No. 4 seam, create one of the most serious roof conditions; complete collapse occurs along the rider coal contact with the underlying splay deposits. Differential compaction of mudrock/shale/siltstone over more competent sandstone causes slickensided surfaces that weaken the roof lithologies. Correct identification of these sedimentological features will enable the prediction of potential poor roof conditions during mining operations and mine planning.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Stanimirovic, Jasmina
- Date: 2009-01-28T09:43:30Z
- Subjects: Facies (Geology) , Coal , Stratigraphic geology , Sedimentology , Mine roof control , Karoo Supergroup , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:14849 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1971
- Description: M.Sc. , The coal-bearing Permian Vryheid Formation of the Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup) was investigated at New Denmark Colliery, situated in the north east section of the Karoo Basin, South Africa. The lithostratigraphy of the sequence is defined in terms of conventional lithostratigraphic terminology but also by applying detailed genetic stratigraphic schemes that have previously been proposed for the adjacent coalfields. The succession is divided up into depositional sequences named after the underlying and overlying coal seams, the No. 2, 3, 4 and 5 seam sequences. The sedimentary succession was divided up into five facies, namely: conglomerate facies, sandstone facies, interlaminated sandstone-siltstone facies, siltstone facies and coal facies. These were interpreted hydrodynamically. Facies assemblages were then interpreted palaeoenvironmentally. Glacial, fluvial, deltaic and transgressive marine sequences were responsible for forming this sedimentary succession. Attention was then focussed on the main economic No. 4 seam, which is mined underground at the colliery. Detailed subsurface geological cross-sections, core sequences and isopach maps of the No. 4 seam coal and the lithologies above, were used to determine specific aspects of the depositional environment that could contribute to unstable roof conditions above No. 4 seam. Coarsening-upward deltaic cycles, fining-upward bedload fluvial cycles, glauconite sandstone marine transgressions and crevasse-splay deposits are recognized in the overlying strata. Poor roof conditions occur parallel to palaeochannel margins because the interbedded channel sandstone and adjacent flood plain argillites cause collapsing along bedding plane surfaces. Rider coals overlying thin crevasse-splay sequences in close proximity to the No. 4 seam, create one of the most serious roof conditions; complete collapse occurs along the rider coal contact with the underlying splay deposits. Differential compaction of mudrock/shale/siltstone over more competent sandstone causes slickensided surfaces that weaken the roof lithologies. Correct identification of these sedimentological features will enable the prediction of potential poor roof conditions during mining operations and mine planning.
- Full Text:
Birds as bio-indicators of the ecological integrity of the Sabie River, Mpumalanga
- Authors: Sudlow, Bronwyn Elisabeth
- Date: 2008-10-16T05:49:50Z
- Subjects: Water quality biological assessment , Birds ecology , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12387 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1216
- Description: M.Sc. , Rivers always borrow a great part of their character from the terrestrial ecosystems – the catchments – through which they flow. A multitude of natural factors determines the health of a river ecosystem, however, together with these natural factors, the combined influences of urban development, pollution, bank erosion, deforestation (and ironically many forms of afforestation), and poor agricultural practices have so degraded our rivers that they are under severe threat. One particular group of organisms within river ecosystems that are affected by human-induced changes, are birds. Birds are rather adaptable organisms; many species are able to inhabit human environments very successfully. However, some bird species are highly specialized and adapted to specific environments, like riparian and riverine zones, and their absence or presence is a useful aid in indicating the ecological integrity of an area. In the past, management of aquatic ecosystems was based primarily on chemical water quality monitoring. However, it is impractical to monitor each component of river make-up in detail, therefore monitoring of biological components (biomonitoring) was also incorporated; using selected ecological indices that are representative of the larger ecosystem, and that are practical to measure. Common examples of biotic assemblages that have been incorporated into biomonitoring and used in biotic indices are aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish, plants and algae. Each assemblage is useful in its own particular way in providing us with an integrated view of the integrity of the ecological system as a whole. However, little research has been done on the potential of using birds in a suitable index to monitor changes in the environment. Because birds are so easily observed, their species so easily identified, and their distribution so widespread, it seems viable that birds could also be incorporated into an index of biotic integrity, and used for short- or long-term monitoring of river ecosystems. The river that was selected for the purposes of this study was the Sabie River, in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The Sabie River catchment falls within the Incomati River basin, which is an international drainage basin occupied by South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique. Land use in the catchment is characterized by forestry, rural community activities (subsistence and small scale farming of livestock and fruit), and conservation activities, in particular the Kruger National Park. In order to gain better understanding of the functioning and composition of the instream and riparian zones of the Sabie River, certain indices were applied, namely the SASS 5 aquatic invertebrate index, together with the Index of Habitat Integrity (IHI). , Dr. G.M. Pieterse
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sudlow, Bronwyn Elisabeth
- Date: 2008-10-16T05:49:50Z
- Subjects: Water quality biological assessment , Birds ecology , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:12387 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1216
- Description: M.Sc. , Rivers always borrow a great part of their character from the terrestrial ecosystems – the catchments – through which they flow. A multitude of natural factors determines the health of a river ecosystem, however, together with these natural factors, the combined influences of urban development, pollution, bank erosion, deforestation (and ironically many forms of afforestation), and poor agricultural practices have so degraded our rivers that they are under severe threat. One particular group of organisms within river ecosystems that are affected by human-induced changes, are birds. Birds are rather adaptable organisms; many species are able to inhabit human environments very successfully. However, some bird species are highly specialized and adapted to specific environments, like riparian and riverine zones, and their absence or presence is a useful aid in indicating the ecological integrity of an area. In the past, management of aquatic ecosystems was based primarily on chemical water quality monitoring. However, it is impractical to monitor each component of river make-up in detail, therefore monitoring of biological components (biomonitoring) was also incorporated; using selected ecological indices that are representative of the larger ecosystem, and that are practical to measure. Common examples of biotic assemblages that have been incorporated into biomonitoring and used in biotic indices are aquatic macroinvertebrates, fish, plants and algae. Each assemblage is useful in its own particular way in providing us with an integrated view of the integrity of the ecological system as a whole. However, little research has been done on the potential of using birds in a suitable index to monitor changes in the environment. Because birds are so easily observed, their species so easily identified, and their distribution so widespread, it seems viable that birds could also be incorporated into an index of biotic integrity, and used for short- or long-term monitoring of river ecosystems. The river that was selected for the purposes of this study was the Sabie River, in Mpumalanga, South Africa. The Sabie River catchment falls within the Incomati River basin, which is an international drainage basin occupied by South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique. Land use in the catchment is characterized by forestry, rural community activities (subsistence and small scale farming of livestock and fruit), and conservation activities, in particular the Kruger National Park. In order to gain better understanding of the functioning and composition of the instream and riparian zones of the Sabie River, certain indices were applied, namely the SASS 5 aquatic invertebrate index, together with the Index of Habitat Integrity (IHI). , Dr. G.M. Pieterse
- Full Text:
Lithostratigraphy, depositional environments and sedimentology of the Permian Vryheid Formation (Karoo Supergroup), Arnot North, Witbank Coalfield, South Africa
- Authors: Uys, Joanne
- Date: 2009-04-30T09:28:39Z
- Subjects: Stratigraphic geology , Sedimentology , Facies (Geology) , Lithofacies , Karoo Supergroup , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8338 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2464
- Description: M.Sc. , This work documents the lithostratigraphy and interpreted depositional environments of the Permian Vryheid Formation in the most northern proximal setting yet studied in the Witbank Coalfield. Data from 924 boreholes from two mining companies (Anglo Operations Ltd. and Xstrata Coal Ltd.) drilled over 50 years, covering an area of 910km2 revealed a 35m sequence of terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks containing two coal seams. These seams are numbered No. 1 at the base and No. 2 at the top. Delineation of facies type, facies assemblages, lateral facies distributions and computer-based three-dimensional modeling facilitated the interpretation of the palaeodepositional environments. Eleven lithofacies are defined and interpreted hydrodynamically. Facies classification is based primarily on grain size and sedimentary structures. The modeling of the borehole information uses the finite element method to interpolate the thickness, roof and floor surfaces and trend of each seam and inter-seam parting between boreholes. The spatial position of the boreholes is defined using a digital terrain model that represents the current surface topography. Lateral distributions were correlated by repositioning the boreholes using the base of the No. 2 seam as a datum. Glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, bed-load (braided) fluvial and constructive progradational deltaic environments are interpreted in the study area. Fluvial channel sequences are dominant and cause the thinning of the coal seams below channel axes as well as splitting of both the No. 1 and No. 2 seams. Glaciofluvial influences also affect the lower portion of the No. 1 seam. Basement palaeotopography restricts the distribution of the lower splits of the No. 1 seam. The coals either ‘pinch-out’ or are absent above basement highs but blanket the adjacent low-lying areas. In contrast to the greater Witbank Coalfield, but concurrent with other studies in the more northern proximal regions, fluvial systems dominate over deltaic systems in the study area. Glaciodeltaic, fluviodeltaic and anastomosed channel fluvial systems recognized in the remainder of the Karoo Basin were fed by the braided fluvial systems in the study area. The close proximity of the study area to the northern edge of the basin accounts for the subtle differences in lithostratigraphy and interpreted depositional environments when compared with more distal sites to the south. For example, glaciofluvial clastic sediment input in the lower portions of the No. 1 seam and post-Karoo erosion that has removed the overlying seams; the deltaic progradational sequence, above the No. 2 seam, occurs twice in succession and the bioturbation, that has become characteristic of sedimentary sequence of the Vryheid Formation above the No. 2 seam in the central and southern parts of the Karoo Basin, is not as identifiable. These differences are explained by the extreme proximal location of the study area on the northern basin margin relative to the remainder of the Karoo Basin.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Uys, Joanne
- Date: 2009-04-30T09:28:39Z
- Subjects: Stratigraphic geology , Sedimentology , Facies (Geology) , Lithofacies , Karoo Supergroup , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8338 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2464
- Description: M.Sc. , This work documents the lithostratigraphy and interpreted depositional environments of the Permian Vryheid Formation in the most northern proximal setting yet studied in the Witbank Coalfield. Data from 924 boreholes from two mining companies (Anglo Operations Ltd. and Xstrata Coal Ltd.) drilled over 50 years, covering an area of 910km2 revealed a 35m sequence of terrigenous clastic sedimentary rocks containing two coal seams. These seams are numbered No. 1 at the base and No. 2 at the top. Delineation of facies type, facies assemblages, lateral facies distributions and computer-based three-dimensional modeling facilitated the interpretation of the palaeodepositional environments. Eleven lithofacies are defined and interpreted hydrodynamically. Facies classification is based primarily on grain size and sedimentary structures. The modeling of the borehole information uses the finite element method to interpolate the thickness, roof and floor surfaces and trend of each seam and inter-seam parting between boreholes. The spatial position of the boreholes is defined using a digital terrain model that represents the current surface topography. Lateral distributions were correlated by repositioning the boreholes using the base of the No. 2 seam as a datum. Glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine, bed-load (braided) fluvial and constructive progradational deltaic environments are interpreted in the study area. Fluvial channel sequences are dominant and cause the thinning of the coal seams below channel axes as well as splitting of both the No. 1 and No. 2 seams. Glaciofluvial influences also affect the lower portion of the No. 1 seam. Basement palaeotopography restricts the distribution of the lower splits of the No. 1 seam. The coals either ‘pinch-out’ or are absent above basement highs but blanket the adjacent low-lying areas. In contrast to the greater Witbank Coalfield, but concurrent with other studies in the more northern proximal regions, fluvial systems dominate over deltaic systems in the study area. Glaciodeltaic, fluviodeltaic and anastomosed channel fluvial systems recognized in the remainder of the Karoo Basin were fed by the braided fluvial systems in the study area. The close proximity of the study area to the northern edge of the basin accounts for the subtle differences in lithostratigraphy and interpreted depositional environments when compared with more distal sites to the south. For example, glaciofluvial clastic sediment input in the lower portions of the No. 1 seam and post-Karoo erosion that has removed the overlying seams; the deltaic progradational sequence, above the No. 2 seam, occurs twice in succession and the bioturbation, that has become characteristic of sedimentary sequence of the Vryheid Formation above the No. 2 seam in the central and southern parts of the Karoo Basin, is not as identifiable. These differences are explained by the extreme proximal location of the study area on the northern basin margin relative to the remainder of the Karoo Basin.
- Full Text:
Perceptions of educators regarding the implementation of the Integrated Quality Management System of the Mpumalanga Department of Education
- Authors: Van Rensburg, Julene
- Date: 2009-04-30T09:22:45Z
- Subjects: Mpumalanga Department of Education , Strategic planning , Total quality management in education , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8323 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2450
- Description: M.Comm. , Recent studies into the strategic management field indicate that there is a lack of knowledge on strategy implementation. The lack of comprehensive implementation frameworks is particularly raised by a number of scholars. Strategy implementation is one aspect of strategic management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implementation of the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) of the Mpumalanga Department of Education. The research problem in this report refers to the achievement of the quality objectives of the IQMS. This report aims to explore whether the IQMS objectives are met. It also investigates the effective implementation of the IQMS. This study aims to identify gaps, if any, in the implementation process of the IQMS. Definitions of strategic management and the strategic management process are explored in this report. Strategy implementation levers as described by the McKinsey 7-S Framework are discussed. The role of Total Quality Management and the Balanced Scorecard in successful strategy implementation is shortly mentioned. This study reflects on the perceptions of a sample of the “implementers” of the IQMS. Data is collected by means of a questionnaire that is structured around the implementation levers. It highlights positive/negative aspects/perceptions of the system and the current implementation thereof. The sample consists of a mixture of principals, educators and administrative staff from the various schools in the Nkangala district as well as officials in the provincial office. With respect to the strategy for implementation, respondents seem uncertain. The study indicates that there is uncertainty regarding the organisational structures and its effectiveness in achieving the IQMS goal of support and development of educators. There is also uncertainty regarding the systems available for strategy implementation. It appears that there is uncertainty regarding systems and how it manages to identify specific needs of educators regarding support and development. Educators appear to be uncertain regarding the shared values in the organisation and this can indicate a problem regarding effective communication of the common values and objectives of the IQMS. A shortage of qualified officials and the large learner-to-educator ratios in schools are identified as staff issues in this study. Training and feedback regarding the implementation of IQMS is also a problem. There is uncertainty amongst principals and heads of departments with respect to skills. The respondents indicate an uncertain perception as to whether the IQMS is able to identify specific needs regarding support and development, which is one of the objectives of the IQMS. Recommendations include a review of the actual IQMS and widespread participation is encouraged. Regular communication about and training on how to implement the actual IQMS is necessary. Regular feedback on the implementation process is needed.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Rensburg, Julene
- Date: 2009-04-30T09:22:45Z
- Subjects: Mpumalanga Department of Education , Strategic planning , Total quality management in education , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8323 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2450
- Description: M.Comm. , Recent studies into the strategic management field indicate that there is a lack of knowledge on strategy implementation. The lack of comprehensive implementation frameworks is particularly raised by a number of scholars. Strategy implementation is one aspect of strategic management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implementation of the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) of the Mpumalanga Department of Education. The research problem in this report refers to the achievement of the quality objectives of the IQMS. This report aims to explore whether the IQMS objectives are met. It also investigates the effective implementation of the IQMS. This study aims to identify gaps, if any, in the implementation process of the IQMS. Definitions of strategic management and the strategic management process are explored in this report. Strategy implementation levers as described by the McKinsey 7-S Framework are discussed. The role of Total Quality Management and the Balanced Scorecard in successful strategy implementation is shortly mentioned. This study reflects on the perceptions of a sample of the “implementers” of the IQMS. Data is collected by means of a questionnaire that is structured around the implementation levers. It highlights positive/negative aspects/perceptions of the system and the current implementation thereof. The sample consists of a mixture of principals, educators and administrative staff from the various schools in the Nkangala district as well as officials in the provincial office. With respect to the strategy for implementation, respondents seem uncertain. The study indicates that there is uncertainty regarding the organisational structures and its effectiveness in achieving the IQMS goal of support and development of educators. There is also uncertainty regarding the systems available for strategy implementation. It appears that there is uncertainty regarding systems and how it manages to identify specific needs of educators regarding support and development. Educators appear to be uncertain regarding the shared values in the organisation and this can indicate a problem regarding effective communication of the common values and objectives of the IQMS. A shortage of qualified officials and the large learner-to-educator ratios in schools are identified as staff issues in this study. Training and feedback regarding the implementation of IQMS is also a problem. There is uncertainty amongst principals and heads of departments with respect to skills. The respondents indicate an uncertain perception as to whether the IQMS is able to identify specific needs regarding support and development, which is one of the objectives of the IQMS. Recommendations include a review of the actual IQMS and widespread participation is encouraged. Regular communication about and training on how to implement the actual IQMS is necessary. Regular feedback on the implementation process is needed.
- Full Text:
Daughters of Chief Piet Mathêbê, Kwarrielaagte
- Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Authors: Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Date: Date unknown , 2011-06-29T10:10:14Z
- Subjects: Chief Piet Mathêbê's daughters , Ntwane women , Kwarrielaagte (South Africa) , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Image
- Identifier: uj:1612 , B13-34-VW1637n , B13-34-VW1638n , B13-34-VW1639n , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3743
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- Full Text: false
- Authors: Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Date: Date unknown , 2011-06-29T10:10:14Z
- Subjects: Chief Piet Mathêbê's daughters , Ntwane women , Kwarrielaagte (South Africa) , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Image
- Identifier: uj:1612 , B13-34-VW1637n , B13-34-VW1638n , B13-34-VW1639n , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3743
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Ntwane bride, Kwarrielaagte
- Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Authors: Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Date: Date unknown , 2011-06-29T10:24:11Z
- Subjects: Ntwane bride , Ntwane dress , Ntwane beadwork , Kwarrielaagte (South Africa) , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Image
- Identifier: uj:1615 , B13-34-VW1632n , B13-34-VW1633n , B13-34-VW1634n , B13-34-VW1635n , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3746
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- Full Text: false
- Authors: Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Date: Date unknown , 2011-06-29T10:24:11Z
- Subjects: Ntwane bride , Ntwane dress , Ntwane beadwork , Kwarrielaagte (South Africa) , Mpumalanga (South Africa)
- Type: Image
- Identifier: uj:1615 , B13-34-VW1632n , B13-34-VW1633n , B13-34-VW1634n , B13-34-VW1635n , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3746
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- Full Text: false
Daughter of Chief Piet Mathêbê, Kwarrielaagte
- Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Authors: Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Date: Date unknown , 2011-06-29T09:58:06Z
- Subjects: Chief Piet Mathêbê's daughter , Kwarrielaagte (South Africa) , Mpumalanga (South Africa) , Ntwane woman
- Type: Image
- Identifier: uj:1609 , B13-34-VW1604n , B13-34-VW1605n , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3740
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- Full Text: false
- Authors: Van Warmelo, Nicolaas Jacobus
- Date: Date unknown , 2011-06-29T09:58:06Z
- Subjects: Chief Piet Mathêbê's daughter , Kwarrielaagte (South Africa) , Mpumalanga (South Africa) , Ntwane woman
- Type: Image
- Identifier: uj:1609 , B13-34-VW1604n , B13-34-VW1605n , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3740
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