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Energy demand and race explained in South Africa: A case of electricity.

- Mhlanga, David, Garidzirai, Rufaro

  • Authors: Mhlanga, David , Garidzirai, Rufaro
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Energy , Electricity , Demand
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/488769 , uj:44539 , Citation: Mhlanga, D. and Garidzirai, R., 2020. Energy Demand and Race Explained in South Africa: A Case of Electricity. Eurasian Journal of Business and Management, 8(3), pp.191-204. , DOI: 10.15604/ejbm.2020.08.03.003
  • Description: Abstract: The study investigated the influence of race in the demand for energy in South Africa using electricity as a case study. The driving force behind the study was to establish whether race still plays a role in access to energy in the country, 26 years into democracy. The study’s contribution is premised on influencing the development of policy that addresses energy inequality in South Africa and the world at large. Using the logistic regression analysis, the study found that race still plays a role in the demand for energy in South Africa. The odds of demand for electricity for the White population was 46.748 per cent higher than that of Blacks, Colored, and Indians combined. Other significant variables were gender, age of household head, net household income per month in Rand and household size. Despite constituting much of the populace in South Africa, the demand for electricity of the Black population was third compared to other races. Such findings reflect the reality that many of the Black households are suffering from energy poverty. Given these results, it is recommended that the South African government invests more in energy and alternative sources of clean energy such as solar and wind which can cater for much of the population.
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Energy research in Nigeria : a bibliometric analysis

- Adedayo, H. B., Adio, S. A., Oboirien, B. O.

  • Authors: Adedayo, H. B. , Adio, S. A. , Oboirien, B. O.
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Scopus , Bibliometric , Energy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/480049 , uj:43443 , Citation: Adedayo, H.B., Adio, S.A. & Oboirien, B.O. 2021. Energy research in Nigeria : a bibliometric analysis. , DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2021.100629
  • Description: Abstract: The scant supply of energy in Nigeria in relation to its energy demand has triggered interest in the scientific investigation of various energy research. This study reports on the bibliometric analysis of energy publications from Nigerian researchers from 1974 to 2019 (45 years) from the Elsevier Scopus database. The analysis includes publication types, languages of publication, institutions of authors and collaborators. Based on the analysis, the number of publications has increased in the 45 years period. With significant changes being from the period 2006–2015 by an average of 113 publications per year, to an average of 326 publications per year from 2016 to 2019. The contributions of institutional energy publications by region showed that the South-Western States region had the highest number of publications. A global map showing energy collaboration at international level Nigerian-authors mainly co-author energy publications with South Africa, Malaysia, the United States and the United Kingdom institutions. The publications are mainly in solar energy, wind energy and biomass energy and surprisely less in gas and hydro energy which are the main sources of electricity generation in Nigeria.
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Property-based biomass feedstock grading using k-Nearest Neighbour technique

- Olatunji, Obafemi O., Akinlabi, Stephen, Madushele, Nkosinathi, Adedeji, Paul A.

  • Authors: Olatunji, Obafemi O. , Akinlabi, Stephen , Madushele, Nkosinathi , Adedeji, Paul A.
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Biomass classification , Energy , ��-NN classifier
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/436402 , uj:37855 , Citation: Olatunji, O.O., Akinlabi, S. & Akinlabi, S. 2020. Property-based biomass feedstock grading using k-Nearest Neighbour technique.
  • Description: Abstract: Energy generation from biomass requires a nexus of different sources irrespective of origin. A detailed and scientific understanding of the class to which a biomass resource belongs is therefore highly essential for energy generation. An intelligent classification of biomass resources based on properties offers a high prospect in analytical, operational and strategic decision-making. This study proposes the 𝑘-Nearest Neighbour (𝑘-NN) classification model to classify biomass based on their properties. The study scientifically classified 214 biomass dataset obtained from several articles published in reputable journals. Four different values of 𝑘 (𝑘=1,2,3,4) were experimented for various self normalizing distance functions and their results compared for effectiveness and efficiency in order to determine the optimal model. The 𝑘-NN model based on Mahalanobis distance function revealed a great accuracy at 𝑘=3 with Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Accuracy, Error, Sensitivity, Specificity, False positive rate, Kappa statistics and Computation time (in seconds) of 1.42, 0.703, 0.297, 0.580, 0.953, 0.047, 0.622, and 4.7 respectively. The authors concluded that 𝑘-NN based classification model is feasible and reliable for biomass classification. The implementation of this classification models shows that 𝑘-NN can serve as a handy tool for biomass resources classification irrespective of the sources and origins.
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Challenges and opportunities of rural electrification with mini-grids : a mini review

- Bambokela, Jonathan Empompo, Belaid, M., Muzenda E.

  • Authors: Bambokela, Jonathan Empompo , Belaid, M. , Muzenda E.
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Energy , Framework , Mini-grid
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/403998 , uj:33872 , Citation: Bambokela, J.E., Belaid, M. & Muzenda E. 2019. Challenges and opportunities of rural electrification with mini-grids : a mini review.
  • Description: Abstract: There are presently 600 million of people in Africa without access to electricity. To resolve this issue, 100 million of new connexions are needed. These new connexions require more investments in propice environments. However, most investors have reduced their risk appetite for Africa due to the absence of adequate regulatory and policy framework in the energy sector. Many utilities are no longer bankable and trustworthy like before. Stakeholders do not have sufficient financial resources to build or rehabilitate energy infrastructures. Statistics reveal that public institutions will need the support of the private sector in order to emerge. As such, Public and Private Partnerships (PPPs) leading to strategic investments seem essential for the deployment of the African energy sphere. Mini-grid systems are recommended as potential tools for local electrification that will lead to the economic boom of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) developing countries. The challenge is that a suitable business model for mini-grid is not yet identified and continue to be developed. For this reason, this paper aims at encouraging the development of a regulatory framework and replicable business model that will be used by other mini-grid developers to attract strategic investments to implement projects starting at the village level.
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Waste to energy opportunities in Botswana : a case study review

- Charis, Gratitude, Danha, Gwiranai, Muzenda, Edison, Patel, Bilal

  • Authors: Charis, Gratitude , Danha, Gwiranai , Muzenda, Edison , Patel, Bilal
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Case study , Conversion , Energy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/404776 , uj:33961 , Citation: Charis, G. et al. 2019. Waste to energy opportunities in Botswana : a case study review.
  • Description: Abstract: The need for efficient solid waste management practices has become more pressing, especially in developing nations largely experiencing a population boom in urban areas. Currently, however, it is only developed nations that have embraced resource efficient practices and technologies to produce energy, heat, fuels and compost from solid waste. This paper reviews such global trends and best practices as a benchmark against current practices within the context of Botswana. It also reviews the opportunities for Waste to Energy (WtE) in this developing nation by taking a solid waste inventory. A literature survey revealed that Botswana is still operating in the previous policy direction of keeping the society clean to avoid the hygienic effects of waste. The collection and disposal of waste is partly decentralized with several private players...
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Energy from waste : a possible way of meeting goal 7 of the sustainable development goals in South Africa

- Dada, Opeoluwa, Mbohwa, Charles

  • Authors: Dada, Opeoluwa , Mbohwa, Charles
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Energy , Waste , Millennium Development goals
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/270563 , uj:28760 , Citation: Dada, O. & Mbohwa, C. 2018. Energy from waste : a possible way of meeting goal 7 of the sustainable development goals in South Africa.
  • Description: Abstract: Energy from waste has been in recent years the focus of many developing nations that are serious about tackling energy crisis especially within Africa. With the current global crash of crude oil prices, environmental pollution and global warming, renewable energy is beginning to gain more attention and among such energies termed renewable energy is biogas which could be generated from organic wastes especially municipal solid wastes. Wastes from landfill sites cuts across all sectors of life as a result there is need to categorise such wastes according to its origin, composition, toxicity and management. By doing the waste categorization, it will be easier to determine what proportion of landfill wastes could be used to produce energy that can be affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern for all which is the goal 7 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In September 2000 leaders from 189 countries signed the Millennium Development Goals at the United Nations headquarter and the 8 goals which was set to be achieved by 2015 was clearly communicated to participating countries were believed to be realistic with clear measurement/ monitoring mechanism. By September 2015 some of the MDGs were well achieved and need to be sustained while some of the goals still needed to be worked upon this was what led to the transition from MDGs to SDGs at the UN General Assembly in 2015. The MDGs was further broken down into 17 individual goals which make up the SDGs and these goals are expected to be achieved by September 2030. This research focuses on Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) classification and quantification, biogas production and upgrading techniques which could be used for energy production as a means of realizing the SDGs goal 7 within the next 15 years.
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Energy Efficiency as a drive towards sustainable development

- Agbenyeku, Emem-Obong Emmanuel, Muzenda, Edison, Msibi, Mandla Innocent

  • Authors: Agbenyeku, Emem-Obong Emmanuel , Muzenda, Edison , Msibi, Mandla Innocent
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Efficiency , Energy , Energy conservation
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/250332 , uj:26083 , Citation: Agbenyeku, E.E., Muzenda, E. & Msibi, M.I. 2017. Energy Efficiency as a drive towards sustainable development. 2nd International Engineering Conference (IEC 2017) Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria.
  • Description: Abstract: It has long been established that the economic development of any nation is deeply associated to its energy consumption levels. Over the years however, the insistent increase in the demand for energy triggered a significant utilization of fossil fuels which adversely impacted the environment. This paper therefore, in line with the numerous efforts made around the world, including in South Africa, offers further insight to the significance of the efficient use of energy and its conservation. Hence, it is pertinent to note that one unit of energy saved at the consumer end evades 2.5-3 times fresh capacity addition. Moreover, such savings via the efficient use of energy can be achieved at less than one-fifth of the cost of new capacity generation. Considering that the per capita consumption in South Africa is likely to grow with growth in economy, thereby increasing the energy demand, the efficient use and conservation of energy has become even more crucial. In simple terms, per capita energy consumption is greatly indicative of the wellbeing of human life. The dismal levels of energy inefficiency the world over, has impacted the atmosphere and caused climate changes. The resultant rise in global temperature affects the complex web of systems that permit life to flourish on earth such as rainfall, wind patterns, ocean currents and distribution of plant and animal species. For these reasons, energy conservation programmes get carbon credit from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which emphasizes how energy efficiency is key to all enterprises, especially for energy intensive industries. As such, any successful energy conservation programme needs the commitment of top management in giving equal importance in their corporate objective as manpower, raw material, production and sales. Furthermore, the paper posits that in actualizing the critical energy saving potential envisaged in South Africa, there should be efforts from entrepreneurs, State Agencies and the Government as “energy conservation is always a win-win situation for all stakeholders”.
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Energy potential of food waste generated by a middle class neigbourhood in Nigeria through anaerobic digestion

- Kukoyi, T. O., Muzenda, E., Mbohwa, Charles

Waste heat and energy recovery system from smelter off-gas for a platinum processing plant

- Nyemba, Wilson R., Mushanguri, Innocent, Chinguwa, Simon, Mbohwa, Charles

Maximizing the pontential of waste heat for generation of environmental friendly energy

- Ayodele, Olukayode Lawrence, Sanusi, Kazeem Oladele, Kahn, MTE

  • Authors: Ayodele, Olukayode Lawrence , Sanusi, Kazeem Oladele , Kahn, MTE
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Autonomous systems , Energy , Thermoelectric
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/216648 , uj:21534 , Citation: Ayodele, O.L., Sanusi, K.O & Kahn, M. 2016. Maximizing the pontential of waste heat for generation of environmental friendly energy.
  • Description: Abstract: Autonomous systems source energy from waste heat which are generated by home appliances and industrial machineries and mitigate the effect of global warming which threatens the environment as a result of fossil fuel energy based sources that release undesirable carbon-monoxide into the atmosphere. This paper described current waste heat recovery practices in different applications, and an innovative approach to convert heat energy into usable forms. This can significantly contribute towards sustainable energy development and meet the growing need for power in small scale applications due to its relative advantages over other sources of energy generation. It will help in optimizing existing waste recovery technologies and developing new heat recovery technologies and gives an insight into various ways by which waste heat can be exploited to meet the growing energy demand and increasing interest in space exploration, satellite activities, structural health monitoring and terrestrial monitoring in harsh and inaccessible environments place a high demand for energy sources for autonomous systems.
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Performance evaluation of a biogas fuelled bi-fuel vehicle

- Kukoyi, Temitope, Muzenda, Edison, Mbohwa, Charles

Potential efficiency and energy usage in a leachate treatment process

- Agbenyeku, Emmanuel Emem-Obong, Muzenda, Edison, Msibi, Innocent Mandla

  • Authors: Agbenyeku, Emmanuel Emem-Obong , Muzenda, Edison , Msibi, Innocent Mandla
  • Date: 2016
  • Subjects: Landfills , Reverse osmosis , Leachate , Waste , Energy
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93676 , uj:20377 , Citation: Agbenyeku, E.E., Muzenda, E. & Msibi, I.M. 2016. Potential efficiency and energy usage in a leachate treatment process.
  • Description: Abstract: Generated leachate in landfills is often as a result of the infiltration of rain, surface or running water into waste bodies. Numerous studies have revealed the potential impacts of leachate escape from landfill disposal facilities on human and environmental health. Although much is been done in most landfills in South Africa to ensure minimal leachate escape into immediate soil, surface and groundwater reserves, much more is still required. As such, the option of leachate treatment is gradually been explored. The potential efficiency and energy usage of a landfill waste water treatment plant (WWTP) for a simple leachate treatment process is explored. The WWTP process involves the basic treatment of the leachate with subsequent sequencing batch reactors (SBR), reverse osmosis unit (RO) and evaporation for additional concentration of RO yield. The process efficiency is appraised by conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (BOD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) measurements. Energy usage is estimated by electrical input power, motor efficiency of power-consuming units and functional hours. 2.2% of the of the WWTP total operational real power consumption is gotten for the primary treatment process with 16.7% corresponding SBR operation and 13.2% RO unit. 2 unit evaporators consumes 61.5% and 0.78% for leachate recirculation to landfill from the total energy usage. Therefore, RO is taken as the most efficient leachate treatment process as it can dispense substantial amounts of water from the landfill leachate pond whereas, the evaporators are energy demanding.
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