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A hybrid model to alleviate unemployment and poverty in South Africa

- Enwereji, P. C., Uwizeyimana, D. E.

  • Authors: Enwereji, P. C. , Uwizeyimana, D. E.
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Poverty , Unemployment , Economic development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/489060 , uj:44576 , Citation: Enwereji, P. C., Uwizeyimana, D. E., 2021. A hybrid model to alleviate unemployment and poverty in South Africa. , DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v12n5p265
  • Description: Abstract: Poverty and unemployment are considered social threats in South Africa as the rate keeps on escalating while few measures are implemented to alleviate the trend. This study devised a hybrid model to reduce the rate of poverty and unemployment in South Africa. The Human Capital Theory formed the theoretical base of this study, which explained the need for the government to invest in education to improve the chances of gaining employment to reduce poverty. The study adopted a quantitative approach and data were collected from only secondary sources. Major findings disclosed that the poverty rate in South Africa is at 49.2% while 64.2% of South African blacks remain poor. The study revealed that the unemployment rate is at 30.1% in the first quarter of 2020 while provinces such as Eastern Cape (40.5%) and the Free State (38.4%) have the highest share of unemployment in the country. The meta-analysis conducted revealed that improvement is needed in areas such as legislation and labour laws, entrepreneurial development, youth development policies, common vision and leadership, sectoral development, business climate, acquisition of skills and education, engagement management, and strategic management. This is in an endeavour to reduce poverty and unemployment rate in South Africa.
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A Hybrid Model to Alleviate Unemployment and Poverty in South Africa

- Enwereji, P. C., Uwizeyimana, D. E.

A Hybrid Model to Alleviate Unemployment and Poverty in South Africa

- Enwereji, P. C., Uwizeyimana, D. E.

  • Authors: Enwereji, P. C. , Uwizeyimana, D. E.
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Poverty , Unemployment , Economic development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Journal article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/495234 , uj:44958 , Citation: Enwereji, P. C & Uwizeyimana, D. E., 2021. A Hybrid Model to Alleviate Unemployment and Poverty in South Africa. , DOI: 10.5430/ijfr.v12n5p265 , ISSN: 1923-4023
  • Description: Abstract: Poverty and unemployment are considered social threats in South Africa as the rate keeps on escalating while few measures are implemented to alleviate the trend. This study devised a hybrid model to reduce the rate of poverty and unemployment in South Africa. The Human Capital Theory formed the theoretical base of this study, which explained the need for the government to invest in education to improve the chances of gaining employment to reduce poverty. The study adopted a quantitative approach and data were collected from only secondary sources. Major findings disclosed that the poverty rate in South Africa is at 49.2% while 64.2% of South African blacks remain poor. The study revealed that the unemployment rate is at 30.1% in the first quarter of 2020 while provinces such as Eastern Cape (40.5%) and the Free State (38.4%) have the highest share of unemployment in the country. The meta-analysis conducted revealed that improvement is needed in areas such as legislation and labour laws, entrepreneurial development, youth development policies, common vision and leadership, sectoral development, business climate, acquisition of skills and education, engagement management, and strategic management. This is in an endeavour to reduce poverty and unemployment rate in South Africa.
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Co2 emissions and economic development in Africa: Evidence from a dynamic spatial panel model

- Espoir, Delphin Kamanda, Sunge, Regret

Ubuntu or compliance? : a qualitative study of knowledge, attitudes and practices of owners of small-medium-sized enterprises in Johannesburg, Gauteng regarding corporate social responsibility and its implications for social development

- Maluleka, Shane Manasseh

  • Authors: Maluleka, Shane Manasseh
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Social responsibility of business , Development economics , Economic development , Ubuntu (Philosophy)
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/484833 , uj:44049
  • Description: Abstract: There is a plethora of research indicating that Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in accelerating the growth of the South African economy. Yet, there is a paucity of research showing ways in which the potential of SMEs can be harnessed to contribute to the social development agenda through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in communities within which they conduct their businesses. Hence the aim of this research study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of 10 owners of Medium-sized enterprises operating within the City of Johannesburg regarding CSR. Guided by a social development lens, this study adopted an exploratory research design located within a qualitative paradigm. Semistructured interviews were used and thematic analysis was employed to inductively analyse the data collected. Among the main findings was that in terms of knowledge, nine out of 10 participants claimed to understand the meaning of CSR and their understandings included sustainable social development/empowerment over profit, ubuntu, skills transfer and a marketing strategy. In terms of attitudes, SME owners regarded CSR as relevant for all businesses irrespective of size. They were aware of the challenges of lack of support for SMEs which were offset by the benefits of boosting their BBEE scorecards. They also favoured a neoliberal approach over an undue regulatory policy approach to CSR in the market place. In terms of practice, CSR was practised through donations and philanthropy; empowerment and skills transfer; provision of services and information; and collaborative ventures, but was impacted by COVID-19. The main conclusion reached was that most of these owners considered their SMEs to be practising CSR in one form or another, contrary to misconceptions in the literature that SMEs are too small and are financially incapable of implementing CSR interventions. While some CSR interventions were consistent with the social development approach, others, such as philanthropy, were not necessarily developmental but nevertheless important in a country such as South Africa with its high levels of poverty. Recommendations are made for CSR practices by SMEs, policy and future research. , M.Phil. (Social Policy and Development)
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A sub-sectoral analysis of de-industrialisation across countries

- Mawelela, Thobile Millicent

  • Authors: Mawelela, Thobile Millicent
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Deindustrialization , Industrialization , Economic development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/451969 , uj:39846
  • Description: Abstract: This minor dissertation is an empirical enquiry into the structural dynamics of de-industrialisation at a manufacturing sub-sectoral level. Our aim with this work is to identify uniform patterns of manufacturing sub-sectoral development or empirical regularities that characterise the process of industrial development and de-industrialisation across countries and over time. As a conceptual framework, this study adopts the inverted-U curve by Rowthorn (1994), which makes the prediction that the industrialisation and de-industrialisation trajectory of a country follows an inverted-U pattern over the course of development. However, bearing in mind the structural diversity of manufacturing sub-sectors, as emphasised within the Structuralist and Neo-Schumpeterian literature, the first hypothesis we propose points to diversities in the development patterns of the manufacturing sub-sectors over the course of development... , M.Phil. (Industrial Policy)
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Essays on inequality and total factor productivity

- Espoir, Delphin Kamanda

  • Authors: Espoir, Delphin Kamanda
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Income distribution , Econometrics , Economic development , Human capital , Industrial productivity
  • Language: English
  • Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/485164 , uj:44090
  • Description: Abstract: This thesis investigates the effects of income inequality on Total Factor Productivity (TFP). The thesis also aims at empirically exploring the specific channels through which those effects transit. To this end, two levels of empirical analysis are carried out with time series cross-sectional data. The first is a cross-country study, while the second is a country specific case, where South Africa has been selected. It is necessary to mention here that at both levels of analysis, the investigation of this relationship is done in an essay format of four self-contained essays. The first essay (Chapter 2) utilises panel data of a sample group of 88 countries from 1990 to 2014, selected from the developed and developing world. This study seeks to answer the questions about whether income inequality affects TFP, and if so, indicate whether the effect is short- or long-term, – and determine if the effect of income inequality on TFP is the same across regions (developed and developing regions). To this end, I use econometric techniques such as panel cointegration tests, the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) technique and the rolling window OLS regression to study the long-run relationship. I also use Granger causality test in heterogeneous mixed panels for the short-run dynamics. Overall, the results suggest that there is a negative long-run effect of income inequality on TFP only in developing countries (developing regions). Similar evidence for the case of the developed countries (developed regions) is not supported by our estimations. Additionally, the results indicate that income inequality determines TFP in the short term only in 8 countries. Since these findings establish that inequality dulls TFP in developing countries, I recommend that efforts and resources to fight inequality should be focused in developing countries rather than developed countries... , Ph.D. (Economics)
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Managing economic transformation and organisational change in the banking industry

- Geduld, Earl

  • Authors: Geduld, Earl
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Economic development , Organizational change , Banks and banking
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/451354 , uj:39767
  • Description: Abstract: Economic transformation is a fundamental principle and important tool in addressing the socio-economic challenges facing South African society. The banking industry, as an integral player in creating the diverse disparities in the country and society, is also an integral player to address these serious anomalies. The industry, with its influential financial and commercial advantage, has a key role in empowering and enabling individuals and communities to social and economic growth. However, efforts to transform the banking industry to support the greater economic transformation of society and the country as a whole, have proven to be lack-lustre and dismal at best. The aim of the study was to identify challenges experienced by banking industry in meeting its transformation objectives to support socio-economic development, and to propose a strategic framework to the industry to address the challenges encountered. A qualitative study was conducted to gain deeper understanding of the issues relating to the study topic and objectives. A purposive non-probability sampling technique was used to select a sample of 13 participants who were directly and indirectly involved in the banking industry. These participants included 8 middle managers from 6 different banks, as well as 5 participants at a senior management level in the finance ministry and National Treasury, the South African Revenue Service, the Ministry for Public Enterprise, the Ministry for Co-operative Governance, and the Banking Association of South Africa. Data was collected from the participants using semi-structured focus group interviews and semi-structured face-to-face interviews respectively. The interviews were recorded and transcribed as permitted by all participants. Data was subsequently analysed using qualitative content analysis... , M.Com. (Business Management)
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The effects of the level of industrialisation on human development in Sub-Saharan Africa

- Modiba, Tumelo

  • Authors: Modiba, Tumelo
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Economic development , Development economics , Social change - Economic aspects
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/474820 , uj:42811
  • Description: Abstract: This study analyses the effect of industrialisation on the human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. In measuring human development, the human development index is used as a proxy to that effect. The Human Development Index is comprised of economic, educational and health indices. Although the human development index has been subjected to criticism especially in relation to methodological problems although, the World Bank still recognises it as a proper measure of human development. The econometric applied in this paper is panel data, particularly the fixed effects model and pooled ordinary least squares. The results of these two models are compared to some extent, although pooled ordinary least squares is used as a benchmark. The fixed effects model indicates that industrialisation has a negative effect on the human development index and its components in sub-Saharan Africa. The fixed effects model results for either model, per sub-region or time interval, do not show any positive effect of industrialisation on the human development index. In addition, the effect of industrialisation on HDI and its components increased significantly in the second time interval for both pooled ordinary least squares and the fixed effects model. On some instances, pooled ordinary least squares and fixed effects models shows different results and therefore makes it difficult to draw clear, definite and policy recommendation. These to a larger extend could be as a result of heterogeneity within the sub-regions and countries. There is no straightforward relationship between industrialisation and human development in SSA... , M.Com. (Development Economics)
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The moderating effect of a firm's internal environment on the relationship between external environment and firm performance

- Mamabolo, M C

  • Authors: Mamabolo, M C
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Small business , Economic development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/456754 , uj:40473
  • Description: Abstract: The Small Medium and Macro Enterprises (SMMEs) all over the world have proven to be the key to alleviating poverty, boosting economic growth and positively affecting sustainable job creation. The South African government adopted the various strategies in developing and promoting small businesses in order to accelerate SMMEs to be able to boost the socio-economic outlook of the country. Even with the more focused financial and non-financial support that SMMEs receive, the failure rate of SMMEs in South Africa is still regarded as the highest in world. SMMEs operate in both the internal and the rapidly changing external environment, which if not properly managed, can affect the sustainability of their enterprises. The study focused on exploring the dynamics between the firm’s external environment, internal environment and the firm performance. The researcher adopted a quantitative research approach and convenience sampling was used to identify the respondents who completed the structured self-administered questionnaires. The collected data was statistically analysed using the Descriptive Statistics and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Pearson’s Correlation was also adopted to determine the strength of the relationship between the External Environment (EE), Internal Environment (IE) and Firm Performance (FP). The literature findings of the study revealed that Factor Analysis on EE extracted two factors and that factor 1 (business acumen) indicated a significant strong positive relationship whilst factor 2 (macro-environment) indicated a weak positive relationship with FP. In addition, the IE results indicated a significant, strong and positive relationship with FP. , M.Phil. (Leadership in Emerging Countries)
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Aid modalities, ownership and institutionalisation of donor funded programmes in South Africa

- Aniruth, Jayanthi

  • Authors: Aniruth, Jayanthi
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Public welfare , Public welfare administration , Aid to families with dependent children programs , Economic development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/453441 , uj:40032
  • Description: Abstract: The effectiveness of the aid enterprise is a matter of much debate, with some scholars arguing that even interventions that are successfully implemented, seldom last beyond the withdrawal of the donor. This failure is often attributed to a lack of ownership and studies of aid effectiveness often call for greater local ownership. But what does local ownership mean, how does it manifest on individual interventions and does greater ownership translate into greater sustainability in practice? This research investigates how donor rules affect local ownership and how local ownership in turn influences programme institutionalisation. The research uses two programmes as illustrative case studies: the Area Based Management Programme (ABM) within the eThekwini Municipal Authority (EMA) and the Gijima KZN LED Support Programme (Gijima) within the provincial Department of Economic Affairs and Tourism (DEDT). The research hypothesises that the ABM, which was funded through the sector based support (SBS) modality, would enjoy greater levels of local ownership that would lead to better institutionalisation outcomes than Gijima, which was funded through the project based support (PBS) modality... , D.Phil. (Anthropology and Development Studies)
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Effectiveness and sustainability of the local economic development strategy of Emakhazeni Local Municipality

- Radebe, Nondumiso

  • Authors: Radebe, Nondumiso
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Economic development , Cities and towns - Growth
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/414194 , uj:34924
  • Description: Abstract:The study under review investigated the effectiveness and sustainability of Emakhazeni Local Municipality local economic development strategy. The socioeconomic development challenges faced by ELM, such as unemployment, job creation, eradication of poverty, lack of service delivery and lack of local economic growth, are the reason why it was necessary to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of its strategic approach. To do so, a critical analysis process was identified to unpack the chronology of significant events that had occurred. The study investigated the municipality’s planning process, mission statement, short-term and long-term focus, objectives and implementation efforts. Finally, it assessed whether the municipality had the capacity to successfully execute the strategy. The research question posed was whether the ELM strategy to achieve LED intentions was effective and sustainable. To answer the research question, the researcher explored a range of approaches, strategies and methods appropriate for the study. A qualitative content analysis approach was adopted. The research focused on the analysis of legislation, policies and frameworks to understand how they impacted on the ELM strategic approach towards LED. The systems thinking approach was used to examine whether there were factors affecting ELM from achieving its strategic objectives regarding an effective and sustainable LED strategy. It was also used to examine whether the LED strategic approach was comprehensive, well-structured and integrated in contributing to the potential for local economic growth in ELM. Various recommendations were made at the end of the study which included strategic management plan and the application of a systems model to ensure that inputs are effective in achieving required outputs. , M.Com. (Local Economic Development)
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Testing Kaldor's laws for the regions of South Africa

- Mbele, Ntombi Elizabeth

  • Authors: Mbele, Ntombi Elizabeth
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Industries , Economic development , Manufactures - South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/422058 , uj:36001
  • Description: Abstract: This thesis examines the validity of Kaldor’s growth laws across the provinces of South Africa. The main purpose is to investigate whether Kaldor’s proposition that manufacturing is the “engine of growth” applies to the South African economy. This paper therefore assesses the importance of the manufacturing sector across the different provinces of South Africa and its ability to effectively drive economic growth and structural change in the country. We approach this question by testing Kaldor’s growth laws using a dynamic panel dataset for the nine South African provinces over the period 1995 to 2016. In addition, we employ the fixed-effects and random-effects models and use the Hausman test to determine which model is better suited to provide estimates that reflect the South African economy. The Hausman test found that the fixed-effects model is the most appropriate model to test Kaldor's growth laws. The results obtained from the estimates provide mixed support for Kaldor’s growth laws, as the first two laws are supported, while the third law is not. , M.Phil. (Industrial Policy)
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The relationship between corruption and economic development : lessons from Zimbabwe’s public enterprises

- Tinarwo, J., Mzizi, V., Uwizeyimana, Dominique E., Zimano, F.

  • Authors: Tinarwo, J. , Mzizi, V. , Uwizeyimana, Dominique E. , Zimano, F.
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Corruption , Economic development , State enterprises
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/401059 , uj:33500 , Citation: Tinarwo, J. et al. 2019. The relationship between corruption and economic development : lessons from Zimbabwe’s public enterprises.
  • Description: Abstract: This research sought to understand the lessons that can be drawn from Zimbabwe’s public enterprises on the relationship between corruption and economic development. The researchers adopted a qualitative design based on purposively sampled state enterprises. Data were collected using focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews from the various stakeholders that included the government, civil society, academia and the private sector in Zimbabwe. Four FGDs were conducted while 14 key informant interviews were done face-to-face with the respondents. Data obtained from interviews and FGDs were analysed thematically. The paper affirms that, indeed, corruption does not only disadvantage the poor but strangles economic development, reduces social services and diverts investments in organisations important to the survival of the nation. In addition, the paper makes a valuable and unique contribution to the different stakeholders’ understanding of how their different concerns and interests are represented and negotiated for the sustainable economic transformation of any given country.
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An assessment of determinants of firm productivity in Zimbabwe

- Chaoneka, Reginald

  • Authors: Chaoneka, Reginald
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Manufactures - Africa, Sub-Saharan - Case studies , Manufactures - Zimbabwe , Globalization - Economic aspects , Economic development
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/448622 , uj:39366
  • Description: Abstract: Productivity is a major driver of sustainable economic growth, and it is essential in promoting national welfare. Countries follow different paths to enhance productivity growth. Developing countries continue to face major problems in achieving sustainable growth. The International Labour Organization (2005) highlighted that bridging the world productivity gap is crucial for poverty alleviation, boosting output growth, and creating decent jobs. Most people in Zimbabwe are employed in work that is not sufficiently productive to yield a decent income (International Labour Organization, 2016). This paper investigates the most important determinants of a firm’s productivity in Zimbabwe, using data from World Bank Enterprise Surveys. The research further explores determinants of productivity in small enterprises, since a large number of urban citizens rely on small and medium-sized enterprises for their livelihoods. For 2011 and 2016, the following factors emerged as important for productivity: International Organization for Standardization certification; purchase of equipment; finance; and female ownership. For the 2011 sample, tax administration, labour regulation obstacles, water, internet, research and development, foreign subsidiaries, and brain drain are important. Since the economic and political environment changes with time, in 2016, cheap imports, highly skilled production workers, electricity, research and development expenditure, and process innovations were very important productivity factors. These factors affect small and medium-sized enterprises and large firms differently. Cheap imports, the brain drain, and highly skilled workers tend to be more important in terms of large firms’ productivity levels. Small and medium-sized enterprises seem to be affected by factors such as water cuts, the purchase of assets, female ownership, tax administration, and foreign ownership. , M.Phil. (Industrial Policy)
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An assessment of the entrepreneurial mindset of high school learners in Gauteng

- Chilenga, Ntharika Lusungu

  • Authors: Chilenga, Ntharika Lusungu
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Entrepreneurship - South Africa - Gauteng , Youth - Employment - South Africa - Gauteng , Small business - South Africa - Gauteng , Economic development , High school students
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/283260 , uj:30542
  • Description: M.Com. (Business Management) , Abstract: Since the realisation of South Africa’s democracy in 1994, many would have thought that with the entire population actively participating, the economy would have gone from strength to strength. However, literature shows that, in the past 24 years the formal sector has faced difficulties in absorbing the yearly growth of job seekers in the market which has led to high unemployment rates. Entrepreneurship, through successful business venturing, plays a pivotal role in a nation’s endeavour to create jobs and boost the economy. Global Entrepreneurships Monitor (GEM) reports state that South Africa’s early stage total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) is lower than most countries that are at comparable levels of development. The idea is that if more people, with particular reference to high school learners, receive practical entrepreneurship education, South Africa’s entrepreneurial activity would drastically be increased. The main objective of this study is to assess the level of the entrepreneurial mindset of high school learners in the Gauteng province of South Africa. The study concluded that the entrepreneurial mindset is made up of two sub-constructs: entrepreneurial traits and entrepreneurial skills. Secondary aims were to analyse the correlation between entrepreneurial traits and the entrepreneurial mindset; analyse the relationships between the learner’s future intentions and their entrepreneurial mindset; the relationship between gender and the entrepreneurial mindset; the relationship between parents who have their own businesses and the entrepreneurial mindset; and the relationship between a learner’s favourite subject and the entrepreneurial mindset. The study included questionnaires submitted anonymously to 320 learners from 10 high schools in Gauteng. The study indicates that the level of entrepreneurial mindset of learners in Gauteng is relatively high with a mean score of 3.5979 (out of five). In addition to this, there is a correlation between entrepreneurial traits and entrepreneurial skills; which means any intervention regarding each sub-factor will raise or drop the entrepreneurial mindset as a whole. Furthermore, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between: Gender and Entrepreneurial traits; Favourite Subject and Entrepreneurial Traits; Favourite Subject and Entrepreneurial Skills; Parents Owning Business and Entrepreneurial Traits; Parents Owning Business and Entrepreneurial Skills; Future Intentions and Entrepreneurial Traits; Future Intentions and...
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Economic growth as a poverty reduction strategy in the Southern African Development Community

- Kande, Mutombo Emmanuel

  • Authors: Kande, Mutombo Emmanuel
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Economic development , Poverty
  • Language: English
  • Type: Masters (Thesis)
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/292305 , uj:31763
  • Description: M.Com. (Development Economics) , Abstract: Economic growth has been at the core of poverty-reduction strategies in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) over the past years. To evaluate the impact of these strategies, the empirical analysis in this dissertation employs two-stage least squares estimation techniques to estimate the effect of economic growth and the distribution of income (proxied by the Gini coefficient) on the headcount index, the poverty gap and the squared poverty gap across 15 SADC countries over the period 1981 to 2013. The empirical results show that a one percentage point increase in mean income growth leads to a reduction in all three poverty measures: the headcount index falls by 1.1 percentage points, the poverty gap by 1.6 percentage points and the squared poverty gap by 1.9 percentage points. An important policy-related insight from these findings is that growth is not only effective in reducing the percentage of the population below the poverty line, as measured by the headcount index, but also the intensity and severity of poverty, as measured by the poverty gap indices. Moreover, income inequality is also found to be a significant determinant of poverty in the SADC. A one percentage point decrease in income inequality leads to a 1.5 percentage points decline in the poverty gap and a 2.5 percentage points decline in the squared poverty gap. These findings have important implications for poverty-reduction strategies in SADC countries. The main policy implication of the results is that SADC governments should, in addition to growth-promoting strategies, also implement specific measures to reduce the income gap between rich and poor people.
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Stakeholder perspectives on tourism development in the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier

- Sinthumule, Ndidzulafhi Innocent

Economic assessment of the Riversands Incubation as an entrepreneurship development programme

- Mwanga, Alesimo

Anaerobic digestion for sustainable energy : a brief review

- Kumba, Tresor K., Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo, Madyira, Daniel M.

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