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A value proposition mix framework of successful foreign-owned small and medium enterprises in south Africa

- Musara, Mazanai, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

Academic staff and employment equity profile in Business Management departments at universities in South Africa

- Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2011
  • Subjects: Academic staff , Employment equity , Business Management departments
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: uj:5888 , ISSN 1993-8233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8004
  • Description: This article is a report on an attempt to determine the composition of academic staff of Business Management departments at South African universities. The objective was to determine the qualifications, level of employment and ranks filled by academics from the designated groups (black, coloured and Indian) and whites. Business Management and related departments from 13 universities representing 136 academics participated in the study. The findings indicate that academics from all the designated groups combined, constitute only 40%, as opposed to 60% whites, which indicates a shortage of academics from the former group. Thirty one per cent of all academic staff in Business Management have doctorates, and of these, 2% are from the combined designated groups and 29% from the white group. Ranked academics from the designated groups are in the minority: 31% are senior lecturers, 11% are associate professors and 7% are professors. The majority, which is 57%, of academics in business management are male and 43% are female. Representation of females from the designated groups is the lowest at 14%, with white males the highest at 31%. The results indicate that in the senior ranks, the number of academics from the designated groups, especially females, are far below employment equity expectations.
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Assessing the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Researchers in Nigeria

- Jegede, Oluseye O., Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Jegede, Oluseye O. , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Entrepreneurship Ecosystem , Entrepreneurial Innovation , STEM researchers
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/463792 , uj:41404 , Citation: Jegede, O.O., Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2020. Assessing the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Researchers in Nigeria.
  • Description: Abstract: The external context plays a vital role for the promotion of entrepreneurship especially in entrepreneurial universities. The study therefore deploys a mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative) approach to understand the role that innovation and entrepreneurship infrastructure plays in facilitating the development and commercialization of research outputs from the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) Faculties in a university in Nigeria. Questionnaire was administered on sixty lecturers/researchers across these six faculties (Science, Engineering, Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Pharmacy and Agriculture) which had 85% response rate. Eleven follow-up interviews were carried out in four Faculties. While field observation was carried out in four research and innovation facilities (the university’s central science laboratory, central technical workshop and the intellectual property & technology transfer office). An Incubation Centre located outside but near the university was also visited. Based on the information collected, the study provided strategic implications for policymaking, practice and theory.
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Assessment of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial orientation constructs : an analysis of past research

- Schachtebeck, Chris, Groenewald, Darelle, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Schachtebeck, Chris , Groenewald, Darelle , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Intrapreneurial orientation , Entrepreneurial orientation , Corporate entrepreneurship
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/289467 , uj:31407 , Citation: Schachtebeck, C., Groenewald, D. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2018. Assessment of entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial orientation constructs : an analysis of past research.
  • Description: Abstract: Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) can act as a predictor and indicator of firm-level entrepreneurship in organisations of different sizes. Intrapreneurial Orientation (IO), as an offspring of EO, describes an individual employee’s inclination to act entrepreneurially. Yet while the importance of an organisation’s EO cannot be overstated, a lack of clarity exists as to which common constructs underpin these concepts, as no study has attempted to analyse the shared conceptual basis underpinning EO, IO and other connected concepts. The purpose of this study is to analyse the underlying constructs of past EO and IO studies. The study is qualitative in nature by utilising a narrative review methodology. The review was conducted in prominent international databases. Discovered articles were analysed by means of content and thematic analysis. Results reveal that EO studies mostly utilise three constructs, namely risk-taking, innovativeness and proactiveness, while competitive aggressiveness and autonomy are less frequently utilised. Instruments developed by Miller (1983), as well as Covin and Slevin (1989) were the most frequently utilised instruments to assess EO. Studies investigating IO lack commonality in constructs, with only innovativeness representing a common construct. Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation was found to act as an extension to IO, utilising similar constructs and one underlying instrument only. Findings of this study provide researchers and academics with an up-to-date identification and analysis of the main constructs underlying popular EO and IO instruments, thereby assisting in the development of instruments in future EO and IO studies.
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Business model innovation success in the fourth industrial revolution

- Van Tonder, Chanté, Schachtebeck, Chris, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile, Bossink, Bart

Digitalisation strategies for SMEs : a cost vs. skill approach for website development

- Louw, Candice, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Louw, Candice , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Digitalisation , Entrepreneurship , Online Presence Maturity
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/411288 , uj:34556 , Citation: Louw, C. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2020. Digitalisation strategies for SMEs : a cost vs. skill approach for website development.
  • Description: Abstract: In the age of the digital revolution, websites are a critical component in establishing an online organisational presence. The main aim of this paper is to deliver a model that may provide guidelines, specifically for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), including those in resource-scarce contexts, in determining the most viable strategy to setting up and managing their own website. The research is exploratory in nature and adopts an approach similar to that of action research which is facilitated through the hands-on investigation of numerous website components, platforms and development techniques. The deliverance of the Combined Cost and Technical Skill Model for Website Development contributes not only to the theory on web development, but also offers guidance to SMEs with planning their web development strategies, specifically when taking into account the core components of cost and technical skills in resource-scarce contexts. This, in turn, may assist SMEs with increasing their online presence maturity, possibly also allowing them to compete with larger organisations at an international scale.
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Digitalisation strategies in a South African banking context : a consumer services analysis

- Louw, Candice, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Louw, Candice , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Digital banking , Digitalisation , Online banking
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/453207 , uj:40003 , Citation: Louw, C. & Nieuwenhuizen, C., 2020, ‘Digitalisation strategies in a South African banking context: A consumer services analysis’, South African Journal of Information Management 22(1), a1153. https://doi. org/10.4102/sajim. v22i1.1153 , ISSN: (Online) 1560-683X
  • Description: Abstract: Background: In the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, Internet-only/digital-only banks are offering alternative approaches to facilitating online transactions and banking in the absence of physical branches. As a result, traditional, offline banks may possibly experience increased pressure in growing and retaining their customer base. Objectives: The objective of this study is to understand the fundamental differences between traditional and digital-only banks’ business models and digital user experience strategies from a consumer services perspective. As a result, in this research, we established to what extent traditional South African banks have embraced service digitalisation and compared this to the services offered by South Africa’s first digital-only bank (launched in early 2019). Method: By means of convenience sampling, we selected the five biggest traditional banks and the first digital-only bank in South Africa (as recorded at the start of July 2019) and conducted a comparative analysis of the core digital services that were offered to consumers. Results: Overall, mobile-optimised services were identified as a key digital business strategy, thereby highlighting the importance of a mobile-first approach not only to traditional and digital-only banking services strategies but also to digital business model formulation in general. Conclusion: While the overall South African banking landscape and banking user experience may be moving towards digital-first and mobile-first, the need for access to banking technology and services 7 days a week necessitate not only mobile-first, but accessible-foremost (i.e. access to infrastructure that facilitates access to online banking technologies, both remotely and on premise) banking business models.
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Digitalization strategies for SMEs : a cost vs. skill approach for website development

- Louw, Candice, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

Entrepreneurial education and individual entrepreneurial orientation : an experts’ perspective an empirical Delphi study

- Teles, Daniella Da Silva, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile, Schachtebeck, Chris

Factors influencing business start-ups based on academic research

- Jegede, Oluseye O., Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Jegede, Oluseye O. , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Academic spin-off , Research outputs , STEAM researchers
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/458039 , uj:40675 , Citation: Jegede, O.O. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2020. Factors influencing business start-ups based on academic research.
  • Description: Abstract: The importance of commercializing research outputs by science, technology, engineering, arts and mathematics (STEAM) researchers for technological advancement and socio-economic development cannot be overemphasized. This study thus investigates the factors that motivate researchers in the STEAM field to startup businesses based on their research. A multistage sampling method was used to draw a sample of 201 researchers, consisting of lecturers and students from a top-ranking university in Nigeria. The study used a set questionnaire to elicit information on factors that influence the decision of STEAM researchers to spin off business start-ups from their research. Principal Component Analysis and Binary Logistic Regression were used to determine the association between the dependent and independent variables. The findings revealed that the important driver of academic spin-off for the STEAM researchers was the level of risk tolerance. It was evident that risk-taking had a strong relationship with quality research and business start-up.
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Globalisation, internationalisation and export opportunities for South Africa

- Bronkhorst, Seugnet, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Bronkhorst, Seugnet , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: Globalisation , Internationalisation , South Africa
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/406750 , uj:34211 , Citation: Bronkhorst, S. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2019. Globalisation, internationalisation and export opportunities for South Africa.
  • Description: Abstract: The economic resources of capital, technology, and data as well as the exchange of goods and funds and the agriculture supply sector all become part of the ‘border-less world’. The Government and private organisations are arduously demanding factors to stimulate growth in the South African economy through various strategies and comprehend export development as a priority. The Department of Trade and Industry grow the export base and increase exports from South Africa as well as develop an approach to export expansion supported by strategic export promotion in line with global best practice resulting in the Integrated National Export Strategy (INES) or ‘Export 2030’. Within the demand for wood, South Africa has the opportunity to increase its wood supply into world markets in the future to various countries and indications are of countries and regions which might be future potential markets with this research main aim towards entering the European Union market. South Africa may enter the EU markets without any tariff barriers because it falls under the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP). However, South African produce still have to meet certain requirements to enter the EU market, for example, they have to provide evidence of origin to EU customs in the form of a Certificate of Origin and the wood or articles therefore must be transported directly to the EU from the country of origin. There are a number of non-tariff measures (NTMs) for wood products, being more complex than tariffs and more difficult to gauge their impact with an even greater trade-restricting effect than tariffs. One of these measure is the use of import quotas for forest products is declining, resulting in difficulties. However, the use of export restrictions, particularly on logs, has been increasing, and had a major impact on trade in forest products.
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Influence of entrepreneurship learning modes on entrepreneurial intentions of science based students

- Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile, Jegede, Oluseye O.

  • Authors: Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile , Jegede, Oluseye O.
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Entrepreneurial intentions , Entrepreneurship , Formal entrepreneurship education
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/488483 , uj:44503 , Citation: Nieuwenhuizen, C., Jegede, O.O., 2021. Influence of entrepreneurship learning modes on entrepreneurial intentions of science based students.
  • Description: Abstract: While entrepreneurship education has been extensively discussed in related academic literature, scholarly works on the modes through which entrepreneurship education is learnt seems to be missing in literature. The present paper thus explores the three modes of learning (formal, non-formal and informal) with the understanding that the three modes are all viable sources of acquiring entrepreneurship education. The study draws insight from established theories in literature such as the theory of planned behaviour, theory of reasoned action, theories of motivation. The study relied upon the design and administration of a questionnaire that was developed from relevant literature and theories. The data obtained from a total of 150 accurately completed questionnaires was used in the analysis. The study thus puts forward that non-formal entrepreneurship education, which sits somewhere in-between the two extremes (formal and informal learning), was the best approach for building an interest in entrepreneurship amongst STEM students who are naturally deprived of this mode of education. The study endorses the uniqueness of non-formal education because of its adaptability to each student’s stage of development or learning. Non-formal entrepreneurship education was found to be versatile, participative and inclusive, based upon the needs of the students.
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Innovation and social value creation of female social entrepreneurs in Africa

- Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2020
  • Subjects: Social entrepreneurship , Innovation , Social value
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/453364 , uj:40022 , Citation: Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2020. Innovation and social value creation of female social entrepreneurs in Africa.
  • Description: Abstract: This paper focuses on social entrepreneurship. This form of entrepreneurship differs from commercial entrepreneurship insofar as it generates social value and impact as opposed to purely profit. A social entrepreneur can be defined as “the most powerful force for good in the world […]; a person driven by an innovative idea that can help correct an entrenched global problem [through] system-changing solutions that permanently alter existing patterns of activity” (Ashoka.org). Yet the perception is that social entrepreneurs are simply involved in basic upliftment initiatives in deprived communities, more akin to social small businesses. The reality is that many social entrepreneurs are powerful and innovative changemakers. This paper explores the question of who are these dynamic entrepreneurs and what are their innovations which impact the societies in which they operate? Ashoka, an organisation that have pioneered the field of social entrepreneurship since 1980 continuously identify Ashoka Fellows. These are the world’s leading social entrepreneurs and their Ashoka profiles provide information for better understanding and appreciation of social entrepreneurs, their innovations and their impact on society. A sample of 143 innovative female social entrepreneurs from Africa was drawn from the Ashoka database of 3,500 Ashoka Fellows worldwide. The keyword ‘innovation’ was used, yielding representation of social organisations from areas such as Development and Prosperity, Children and Youth, Business and Social Enterprise, Education and Learning, Health and Fitness, Economic Development and Health Care. All of these entrepreneurs had established organisations and had created value in their communities. Using criteria to determine the level of innovation in the organisation to further narrow down the sample, 13 organisations were identified as truly innovative. The research was qualitative, using content analysis to examine the profiles of the 13 social entrepreneurs and to determine the type, level and impact their organisations. This paper contributes a better understanding of female social entrepreneurs in Africa, their innovations and their impact on people, communities and countries. The findings will be valuable for entrepreneurship educators shaping future entrepreneurs as well as stakeholders concerned with the upliftment of communities.
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Intrapreneurial orientation in small and medium-sized enterprises : an exploration at the employee level

- Schachtebeck, Chris, Groenewald, Darelle, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

Motivations and unique challenges of successful foreign-owned small and medium enterprises in South Africa

- Musara, Mazanai, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Musara, Mazanai , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2021
  • Subjects: Foreign-owned SMEs , Grounded theory , Motivations
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/481403 , uj:43619 , Citation: Musara, M. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2021. Motivations and unique challenges of successful foreign-owned small and medium enterprises in South Africa.
  • Description: Abstract: The notions of foreign-owned small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have gained the attention of scholars in the SME literature due to the contributions that they make in both their home and host countries. Despite the growing attention on foreign-owned SMEs in the academic literature, there is limited literature exploring the motivations and unique challenges that these enterprises face in the various African contexts. This study, therefore, used the grounded theory approach on a sample of forty-two (42) owners of successful foreign-owned SMEs operating in South Africa to explore their motivations and unique challenges. Eight (8) categories of motivations and five (5) unique challenges for successful foreign-owned SMEs to start businesses in South Africa were identified. A grounded theory in this study shows the motivations for starting SMEs, dealing with unique challenges and success factors of foreign-owned SMEs. The study provides useful insights into the motivations of foreign-owned SMEs, as well as on how successful foreign-owned SMEs deal with unique challenges to succeed.
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Online, community-driven e-commerce platforms and the rise of lifestyle commerce – a conceptual study

- Louw, Candice, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Louw, Candice , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2019
  • Subjects: E-commerce , Digital Business Models , Internet Culture
  • Language: English
  • Type: Conference proceedings
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402440 , uj:33677 , Citation: Louw, C. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2019. Online, community-driven e-commerce platforms and the rise of lifestyle commerce – a conceptual study.
  • Description: Abstract: Aim – During times of financial hardship, e-commerce undertakings often employ creative strategies to engage customers in novel ways in order to survive. In this paper, we explore the concept of lifestyle commerce to assist in this endeavour, also identifying core role players and components that differentiate the underlying business model from traditional e-commerce. Findings – Lifestyle commerce requires inspiration; inspiration requires content; content requires community. The real value of lifestyle commerce thus lies in its interconnected, communities of users who form part of an engaged customer network. Conclusions – With lifestyle commerce, one should take care of the community, and the business will take care of itself. This arguably emergent property of lifestyle commerce is a core aspect to take into consideration in future online lifestyle commerce undertakings and evidently also, their acquisition. The aim of lifestyle commerce is thus to grow an engaged customer network, as opposed to simply building a static customer base.
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Pilot studies : use and misuse in South African SME research

- Schachtebeck, Chris, Groenewald, Darelle, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

  • Authors: Schachtebeck, Chris , Groenewald, Darelle , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile
  • Date: 2018
  • Subjects: Pilot study , Systematic review , Small and medium-sized enterprises
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/260331 , uj:27409 , Citation: Schachtebeck, C., Groenewald, D. & Nieuwenhuizen, C. 2017. Pilot studies : use and misuse in South African SME research.
  • Description: Abstract: The utilization of pilot study methodology is often not in accordance with methodological principles and intentions. Further, reporting of pilot studies is reported as inadequate. The rise in the use of pilot studies in the social sciences, in particular in business research, prompts an examination of the correctness of the use of pilot study methodology in South African SME research. This article has made use of a qualitative research approach by systematically reviewing the use of pilot studies in South African SME research. Articles have been identified in prominent databases according to set inclusion and exclusion criteria. Accepted articles have then been screened according to a set of identified best practices. Findings reveal that only a small proportion of identified studies follow methodological best practices of piloting methodology. Few studies adequately report on piloting results and even fewer studies adequately describe or select a representative piloting sample. Only half of all identified studies describe the purpose for piloting. The article provides recommendations for researchers and businesses engaging in SME research and intending to utilize pilot studies.
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SME support institutions : the South African case

- Schachtebeck, Chris, Groenewald, Darelle, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

The effectiveness of strategic management intervention in developing profitable high growth African businesses

- Kaija, Godfrey, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile

The role of government in the implementation of sustainable development initiatives by adventure tourism SMMEs in South Africa : an exploratory inquiry

- Chiliya, Norman, Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile, Groenewald, Darelle

  • Authors: Chiliya, Norman , Nieuwenhuizen, Cecile , Groenewald, Darelle
  • Date: 2017
  • Subjects: Sustainable development , Small business , Business performance
  • Language: English
  • Type: Article
  • Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/240462 , uj:24736 , Citation: Chiliya, N., Nieuwenhuizen, C. & Groenewald, D. 2017. The role of government in the implementation of sustainable development initiatives by adventure tourism SMMEs in South Africa : an exploratory inquiry.
  • Description: Abstract: Sustainable development suggests that there are restrictions to the obtainability of ecological resources and the planet to engage human activities. Limited South African research exists in the field of sustainable development in adventure tourism SMMEs especially the role of Government in terms of implementation of sustainable development initiatives. A structured questionnaire was administered via email and hard copies. A total of 105 usable responses were received. Government, business associations and certification bodies have unrelated methods for evaluating sustainability issues. The tourism sector is overwhelmed with initiatives and certifications intended at facilitation and adoption of sustainable development practices. This adds to the confusion that entrepreneurs face when it comes to choosing an appropriate tool. There is consensus that entrepreneurs want to develop their sustainability knowledge base. It is recommended that the different institutions or actors in the arena of sustainable development should make information on sustainable development easily available. The SMMEs also indicated that the legislative framework affecting small businesses should be improved. The government, should award rebates to SMMEs for implementing sustainable development initiatives. Alternative funding for implementing sustainable development initiatives should also be established.
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