An assessment of emerging hybrid public-private partnerships in the energy sector in South Africa
- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Hybridity , Independent power producer , Public-private partnerships
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/250854 , uj:26149 , Citation: Nel, D. 2017. An assessment of emerging hybrid public-private partnerships in the energy sector in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Globally, the power sector is one of the greatest beneficiaries of private investment through public-private partnerships (PPPs) and project financing structures. South Africa has adopted a unique approach to renewable energy (RE) project finance and partnership development. This unique approach is referred to as the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP). The programme is implemented through Independent Power Producer (IPP) projects. The aim of this article is to assess IPPs as a variant model of PPPs. To this end, the first objective is to determine what type of partnership IPPs constitute. The second objective is to gain an understanding of how a variant PPP model can be structured. This research is based on a qualitative research design. Data data from past research, including 66 interviews and 168 interviews, is triangulated with current research, including 13 interviews and a conceptual and documentary analysis. The findings of the research suggest that IPPs contribute to diversifying the country’s energy mix; developing RE technology; infrastructure, local economic, and green skills development; and stimulating socio-economic development. This research is unique as the concept of hybridity or hybrid PPPs is an unexplored area in public sector management. Hybrid PPPs represent a unique approach to public-private procurement for energy partnerships. The hybrid PPP model serves public interest and is crucial to the country’s energy transition.
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- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Hybridity , Independent power producer , Public-private partnerships
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/250854 , uj:26149 , Citation: Nel, D. 2017. An assessment of emerging hybrid public-private partnerships in the energy sector in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Globally, the power sector is one of the greatest beneficiaries of private investment through public-private partnerships (PPPs) and project financing structures. South Africa has adopted a unique approach to renewable energy (RE) project finance and partnership development. This unique approach is referred to as the Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Programme (REIPPPP). The programme is implemented through Independent Power Producer (IPP) projects. The aim of this article is to assess IPPs as a variant model of PPPs. To this end, the first objective is to determine what type of partnership IPPs constitute. The second objective is to gain an understanding of how a variant PPP model can be structured. This research is based on a qualitative research design. Data data from past research, including 66 interviews and 168 interviews, is triangulated with current research, including 13 interviews and a conceptual and documentary analysis. The findings of the research suggest that IPPs contribute to diversifying the country’s energy mix; developing RE technology; infrastructure, local economic, and green skills development; and stimulating socio-economic development. This research is unique as the concept of hybridity or hybrid PPPs is an unexplored area in public sector management. Hybrid PPPs represent a unique approach to public-private procurement for energy partnerships. The hybrid PPP model serves public interest and is crucial to the country’s energy transition.
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Systematic risk management and strategic control in public private partnerships
- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2014-05-29
- Subjects: Risk management , Public-private sector cooperation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10826
- Description: D.Litt et Phil. (Public Management and Governance) , Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are contractual arrangements between the public and private sector, which are generally long-term in nature. If correctly implemented PPPs can mobilise socio-economic goals. The implementation of PPPs is to permit the delivery of continued, lucrative public organisation or services, by mobilising private sector proficiency and conveying a substantial amount of risk to the private sector, towards value for money. The incentive of the research is centred on the guiding principles of PPPs and the challenge of risk-sharing. The aim of this study is to encourage the systematic management and strategic control of PPPs in South Africa. In doing so, this study aims to determine how the PPP model can be improved to necessitate effective risk management in PPPs, and to provide for improved strategic control. The study supplies recommendations for improved practice, in both the public and private sectors, through strategic planning and shared apparata in PPP arrangements. Furthermore, the study suggests guidelines for effective risk sharing and management in PPPs, through integrated systems management. Integrated systems management proposes that the strategy, structures, systems and culture of PPPs are entrenched in organisational settings, in both the private and public sector, as well as in the PPP arrangement, to encourage capacity development and more developed institutions in South Africa. Effective risk management in PPPs necessitates the anticipation of risks; sufficient planning to address these risks and achieve project objectives; and, lastly, the entrenching of risk management within the organisation and project structures. The study commences with an overview of the development of public management and conceptual approaches of governance, providing a contextual synthesis of past and current theoretical perspectives. The study conceptualises the theoretical standpoints relevant to PPPs and the labelling of peripheral approaches. The research provides a synopsis of the role and functions of PPPs, international best practices in PPPs, and the nature of risk management in PPPs. This affords a foundation for investigating the trials and issues associated with PPPs and the challenges experienced in managing risks in PPPs. This is augmented with a systematic breakdown of the research design and methodology, to structure the research. In addition, a preliminary quantitative survey assessment is conducted, in order to derive preliminary findings for the primary analysis in the research.
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- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2014-05-29
- Subjects: Risk management , Public-private sector cooperation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:11233 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10826
- Description: D.Litt et Phil. (Public Management and Governance) , Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) are contractual arrangements between the public and private sector, which are generally long-term in nature. If correctly implemented PPPs can mobilise socio-economic goals. The implementation of PPPs is to permit the delivery of continued, lucrative public organisation or services, by mobilising private sector proficiency and conveying a substantial amount of risk to the private sector, towards value for money. The incentive of the research is centred on the guiding principles of PPPs and the challenge of risk-sharing. The aim of this study is to encourage the systematic management and strategic control of PPPs in South Africa. In doing so, this study aims to determine how the PPP model can be improved to necessitate effective risk management in PPPs, and to provide for improved strategic control. The study supplies recommendations for improved practice, in both the public and private sectors, through strategic planning and shared apparata in PPP arrangements. Furthermore, the study suggests guidelines for effective risk sharing and management in PPPs, through integrated systems management. Integrated systems management proposes that the strategy, structures, systems and culture of PPPs are entrenched in organisational settings, in both the private and public sector, as well as in the PPP arrangement, to encourage capacity development and more developed institutions in South Africa. Effective risk management in PPPs necessitates the anticipation of risks; sufficient planning to address these risks and achieve project objectives; and, lastly, the entrenching of risk management within the organisation and project structures. The study commences with an overview of the development of public management and conceptual approaches of governance, providing a contextual synthesis of past and current theoretical perspectives. The study conceptualises the theoretical standpoints relevant to PPPs and the labelling of peripheral approaches. The research provides a synopsis of the role and functions of PPPs, international best practices in PPPs, and the nature of risk management in PPPs. This affords a foundation for investigating the trials and issues associated with PPPs and the challenges experienced in managing risks in PPPs. This is augmented with a systematic breakdown of the research design and methodology, to structure the research. In addition, a preliminary quantitative survey assessment is conducted, in order to derive preliminary findings for the primary analysis in the research.
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Revisiting three political risk forecast models: an empirical test
- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2009-05-19T06:52:53Z
- Subjects: Country risk evaluation , Foreign investments
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8390 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2555
- Description: M.A. , The discipline of political risk analysis has often been criticised as a ‘soft science’. As the title of this study suggest, the major challenge of this study is set out to provide an empirical analysis of political risk and to prove that political risk can indeed be measured. The aim of this study is to provide an empirical analysis of political risk by testing the reliability of current risk assessment approaches to accurately forecast political risk. There have not been many attempts to test the reliability of political risk assessment models. However, Howell & Chaddick (1994) tested the reliability of three (EIU, PRS and BERI) political risk assessment models to accurately forecast risk projections in the period 1982-1994. This study will revisit the test done by Howell & Chaddick (1994) in order to determine the reliability of three forecast models. In order for forecasts to be reliable, forecasts must be justified and defended by applying practical logic. Practical logic implies that theory be tested against real world experience. Hence, a reliable analysis will require that actual losses be tested against theory. Therefore, in addressing the connection between theory and actual losses, this study will correlate losses incurred in the period 1994- 2004 with theory. Due to the nominal nature of the concept political risk, there has been a lack of consensus in the field on what constitute political risk. This study will provide a conceptual clarification of political risk. A brief discussion of the underlying theoretical background in political risk is required in order to understand the concept of political risk and terms thereof. Hence, this study will establish a theoretical base of political risk analysis. This study argue that low political risk encourage foreign direct investment. The relationship between political risk and foreign direct investment will be analysed in this study. It is hoped that in light of this study’s findings, a case can be putt III forth that multi-national corporations can use political risk analysis to minimise exposure to losses and as an extension of political risk analysis, multi-national corporations can use political risk insurance to hedge against political risks. The outcomes of this study aim to prove that political risk can be empirically tested and measured and that the analysis of political risk is essential to successfully manage political risks.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2009-05-19T06:52:53Z
- Subjects: Country risk evaluation , Foreign investments
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:8390 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2555
- Description: M.A. , The discipline of political risk analysis has often been criticised as a ‘soft science’. As the title of this study suggest, the major challenge of this study is set out to provide an empirical analysis of political risk and to prove that political risk can indeed be measured. The aim of this study is to provide an empirical analysis of political risk by testing the reliability of current risk assessment approaches to accurately forecast political risk. There have not been many attempts to test the reliability of political risk assessment models. However, Howell & Chaddick (1994) tested the reliability of three (EIU, PRS and BERI) political risk assessment models to accurately forecast risk projections in the period 1982-1994. This study will revisit the test done by Howell & Chaddick (1994) in order to determine the reliability of three forecast models. In order for forecasts to be reliable, forecasts must be justified and defended by applying practical logic. Practical logic implies that theory be tested against real world experience. Hence, a reliable analysis will require that actual losses be tested against theory. Therefore, in addressing the connection between theory and actual losses, this study will correlate losses incurred in the period 1994- 2004 with theory. Due to the nominal nature of the concept political risk, there has been a lack of consensus in the field on what constitute political risk. This study will provide a conceptual clarification of political risk. A brief discussion of the underlying theoretical background in political risk is required in order to understand the concept of political risk and terms thereof. Hence, this study will establish a theoretical base of political risk analysis. This study argue that low political risk encourage foreign direct investment. The relationship between political risk and foreign direct investment will be analysed in this study. It is hoped that in light of this study’s findings, a case can be putt III forth that multi-national corporations can use political risk analysis to minimise exposure to losses and as an extension of political risk analysis, multi-national corporations can use political risk insurance to hedge against political risks. The outcomes of this study aim to prove that political risk can be empirically tested and measured and that the analysis of political risk is essential to successfully manage political risks.
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Allocation of rish in public private partnerships in information and communications technology
- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Public private partnerships (PPPs) , Risk allocation , Information and communications technology (ICT)
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/415991 , uj:35170 , Citation: Nel, D. Allocation of rish in public private partnerships in information and communications technology.
- Description: Abstract: , A public private partnership (PPP) is an agreement between a public and a private party to achieve a strategic objective. The PPP model is based on three principles: risk allocation and transfer, affordability, and value for money. Traditionally, PPPs have been leveraged for hard service development such as infrastructure development. The advancement of technology within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has created new opportunities and risks for PPPs as important mechanisms for the promotion of development. The 4IR has implications for government service delivery, which have brought about an increased demand for service delivery innovation and the development of information and communications technology (ICT). Although PPPs have traditionally focused on hard services, it is important to consider PPPs for soft service delivery. It is therefore necessary to rethink the role of the PPP model as an alternative service delivery mechanism. The aim of this article is to discuss risk allocation in ICT PPPs. The research approach is qualitative in nature. The research method is based on a desktop analysis of literature and secondary data utilising unobtrusive research techniques such as conceptual and documentary analyses. The article identified various risks and opportunities for PPPs for service delivery innovation. These partnerships are often faced with high levels of uncertainty in terms of funding, level of stakeholder commitment, and complex relationships. Other risks include vendor financing, market risk, intellectual property (IP) risk, data governance, and regulatory risk. The deployment of ICT can reinforce and expand PPPs beyond all previous limitations and boundaries. This research makes proposals for good practices for risk allocation in ICT PPPs.
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- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Public private partnerships (PPPs) , Risk allocation , Information and communications technology (ICT)
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/415991 , uj:35170 , Citation: Nel, D. Allocation of rish in public private partnerships in information and communications technology.
- Description: Abstract: , A public private partnership (PPP) is an agreement between a public and a private party to achieve a strategic objective. The PPP model is based on three principles: risk allocation and transfer, affordability, and value for money. Traditionally, PPPs have been leveraged for hard service development such as infrastructure development. The advancement of technology within the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) has created new opportunities and risks for PPPs as important mechanisms for the promotion of development. The 4IR has implications for government service delivery, which have brought about an increased demand for service delivery innovation and the development of information and communications technology (ICT). Although PPPs have traditionally focused on hard services, it is important to consider PPPs for soft service delivery. It is therefore necessary to rethink the role of the PPP model as an alternative service delivery mechanism. The aim of this article is to discuss risk allocation in ICT PPPs. The research approach is qualitative in nature. The research method is based on a desktop analysis of literature and secondary data utilising unobtrusive research techniques such as conceptual and documentary analyses. The article identified various risks and opportunities for PPPs for service delivery innovation. These partnerships are often faced with high levels of uncertainty in terms of funding, level of stakeholder commitment, and complex relationships. Other risks include vendor financing, market risk, intellectual property (IP) risk, data governance, and regulatory risk. The deployment of ICT can reinforce and expand PPPs beyond all previous limitations and boundaries. This research makes proposals for good practices for risk allocation in ICT PPPs.
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Open governance for improved service delivery Innovation in South Africa
- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Fourth Industrial Revolution , Innovation , Open governance
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/416002 , uj:35172 , Citation: Nel, D. Open governance for improved service delivery Innovation in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: , The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is the current and developing environment in which changing technologies and trends such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are changing the way governments function. Governments are increasingly facing new risks and opportunities due to the advancement of the 4IR. Governments need to find ways to adapt to the 4IR. Innovation is a prerequisite for adapting to the 4IR. The aim of this article is to determine the level of public service delivery innovation (SDI) in South Africa in the context of the 4IR. The analysis in this article is based on secondary data and documentary analysis, including unsolicited government documents, reports and legislation, and authoritative scholarly literature. A number of innovation measures for improved service delivery have been adopted in South Africa. These efforts are not, however, embedded within the wider public service, and efforts to improve SDI should be considered. In a global environment of resource constraints and constant change, open governance through multi-stakeholder collaboration may present strategic opportunities to facilitate innovation. The aim of these initiatives is to enhance transparency and accountability, and to facilitate public service delivery and citizen participation.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nel, Danielle
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Fourth Industrial Revolution , Innovation , Open governance
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/416002 , uj:35172 , Citation: Nel, D. Open governance for improved service delivery Innovation in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: , The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is the current and developing environment in which changing technologies and trends such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) are changing the way governments function. Governments are increasingly facing new risks and opportunities due to the advancement of the 4IR. Governments need to find ways to adapt to the 4IR. Innovation is a prerequisite for adapting to the 4IR. The aim of this article is to determine the level of public service delivery innovation (SDI) in South Africa in the context of the 4IR. The analysis in this article is based on secondary data and documentary analysis, including unsolicited government documents, reports and legislation, and authoritative scholarly literature. A number of innovation measures for improved service delivery have been adopted in South Africa. These efforts are not, however, embedded within the wider public service, and efforts to improve SDI should be considered. In a global environment of resource constraints and constant change, open governance through multi-stakeholder collaboration may present strategic opportunities to facilitate innovation. The aim of these initiatives is to enhance transparency and accountability, and to facilitate public service delivery and citizen participation.
- Full Text:
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