Measurement invariance across gender and ethnicity on the emotional quotient inventory 2.0
- Authors: Van Zyl, Casper J.J.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Measurement invariance , Emotional intelligence , Ethnicity , Gender , Emotional quotient inventory 2.0 , Multiple group factor analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/378760 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93605 , uj:20369 , Citation: Van Zyl, Casper J.J. 2016.Measurement invariance across gender and ethnicity on the emotional quotient inventory 2.0.
- Description: Abstract: This study responds to the call for investigations of measurement invariance on tests of emotional intelligence. The aim of this study was to establish the measurement invariance of the Emotional Quotient Inventory 2.0 across gender and ethnic groups in South Africa. The sample consisted of 1144 working adults. Multiple group factor analysis was conducted to test for configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Results suggest that the assessment is largely invariant at configural and metric levels across gender and ethnic groups. At scalar level, full invariance were achieved for five of the fifteen scales across gender and three scales across ethnic groups. Partial scalar models were explored for all other scales. Overall, the evidence seems to suggest that the scales had similar meanings for men and women and also for Black and White respondents, although for a few scales across gender, and more so for ethnicity, it seems that responses might also be influenced by factors other the underlying latent construct.
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- Authors: Van Zyl, Casper J.J.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Measurement invariance , Emotional intelligence , Ethnicity , Gender , Emotional quotient inventory 2.0 , Multiple group factor analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/378760 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93605 , uj:20369 , Citation: Van Zyl, Casper J.J. 2016.Measurement invariance across gender and ethnicity on the emotional quotient inventory 2.0.
- Description: Abstract: This study responds to the call for investigations of measurement invariance on tests of emotional intelligence. The aim of this study was to establish the measurement invariance of the Emotional Quotient Inventory 2.0 across gender and ethnic groups in South Africa. The sample consisted of 1144 working adults. Multiple group factor analysis was conducted to test for configural, metric, and scalar invariance. Results suggest that the assessment is largely invariant at configural and metric levels across gender and ethnic groups. At scalar level, full invariance were achieved for five of the fifteen scales across gender and three scales across ethnic groups. Partial scalar models were explored for all other scales. Overall, the evidence seems to suggest that the scales had similar meanings for men and women and also for Black and White respondents, although for a few scales across gender, and more so for ethnicity, it seems that responses might also be influenced by factors other the underlying latent construct.
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Motivation for solitude : a cross-cultural examination of adolescents from collectivist and individualist cultures in South Africa
- Van Zyl, Casper J.J., Dankaert, Esmarilda, Guse, Tharina
- Authors: Van Zyl, Casper J.J. , Dankaert, Esmarilda , Guse, Tharina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Motivation , Solitude , Cross-cultural
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/260603 , uj:27445 , Citation: Van Zyl, C.J.J., Dankaert, E. & Guse, T. 2018. Motivation for solitude : a cross-cultural examination of adolescents from collectivist and individualist cultures in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Solitude during adolescence is a potentially double edged sword. Involuntary (non-self-determined solitude) is associated with loneliness, which is known to predict many forms of psychological ill-being. In contrast, freely chosen (self-determined solitude) is associated with healthy developmental outcomes. It is possible that cultural attitudes towards solitude could influence the way adolescents think about and engage in solitude. The present study examined whether South African adolescents from individualist and collectivist cultures differ in their motivations for solitude, using the Motivation for Solitude Scale (MSS-SF). Respondents included 426 adolescents from collectivist and 266 from individualist cultures, between 14 and 18 years of age (mean age = 15.7). For valid cross-cultural comparisons, measurement equivalence was established using invariance and differential item functioning analysis. Results for the measurement invariance analysis (MI) marginally failed to support scalar invariance. Given criticism that MI is overly restrictive, Rasch analysis was used to test for uniform DIF, which supported invariance. Next, Bayesian analysis was used to investigate group differences. There was no difference between the cultural groups for non-self-determined solitude, but, adolescents from individualist cultures were less likely to engage in self-determined solitude. Results support the cross-cultural application of the MSS-SF, and point to a possible cultural bias against self-determined solitude in individualist cultures, despite its potential benefits.
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- Authors: Van Zyl, Casper J.J. , Dankaert, Esmarilda , Guse, Tharina
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Motivation , Solitude , Cross-cultural
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/260603 , uj:27445 , Citation: Van Zyl, C.J.J., Dankaert, E. & Guse, T. 2018. Motivation for solitude : a cross-cultural examination of adolescents from collectivist and individualist cultures in South Africa.
- Description: Abstract: Solitude during adolescence is a potentially double edged sword. Involuntary (non-self-determined solitude) is associated with loneliness, which is known to predict many forms of psychological ill-being. In contrast, freely chosen (self-determined solitude) is associated with healthy developmental outcomes. It is possible that cultural attitudes towards solitude could influence the way adolescents think about and engage in solitude. The present study examined whether South African adolescents from individualist and collectivist cultures differ in their motivations for solitude, using the Motivation for Solitude Scale (MSS-SF). Respondents included 426 adolescents from collectivist and 266 from individualist cultures, between 14 and 18 years of age (mean age = 15.7). For valid cross-cultural comparisons, measurement equivalence was established using invariance and differential item functioning analysis. Results for the measurement invariance analysis (MI) marginally failed to support scalar invariance. Given criticism that MI is overly restrictive, Rasch analysis was used to test for uniform DIF, which supported invariance. Next, Bayesian analysis was used to investigate group differences. There was no difference between the cultural groups for non-self-determined solitude, but, adolescents from individualist cultures were less likely to engage in self-determined solitude. Results support the cross-cultural application of the MSS-SF, and point to a possible cultural bias against self-determined solitude in individualist cultures, despite its potential benefits.
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The development and validation of a model of work-related integrity
- Authors: Van Zyl, Casper J.J.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Personality and occupation , Work environment - Psychological aspects , Psychology, Industrial
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/376906 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241084 , uj:24812
- Description: Abstract: The present study aimed to develop and validate a personality-based model of workplace deviance or counterproductive work behavior (CWB). The model consisted of salient dispositional factors considered to be predictive of CWB, either in a unidimensional, or multidimensional capacity, or both. Literature on concepts such as counterproductive work behavior, integrity testing, dark personality, the dark triad of personality and attribution styles informed the selection of traits for inclusion in the model. The shortcomings of selected personality based models of CWB were considered and a dual process account of CWB was postulated. In addition to considering normal personality and its relationship to CWB, this study also argued for the consideration of dark personality constructs as predictors of CWB. In particular, the dark triad of personality was suggested and it was argued that contemporary conceptualisations of dark personality constructs (i.e., psychopathy) enable their measurement in ‘normal’ populations. To examine the predicted relationships between the operationalised personality constructs of the model and the counterproductive criterion variables, the psychometric properties for the developed measures were examined in low stakes (n = 952) and high stakes (n = 401) conditions separately, and in combination. The combined sample included 1353 working adults ranging between 18 and 78 years of age (mean = 35.6, SD = 11.9). There were 619 (45.8%) men. The ethnic distribution included 534 (39.5%) Black/African, 381 (28.2%) White, 138 (10.2%) Coloured, 113 (8.4%) Indian, 11(0.8%) Asian and 176 (12%) unspecified. Construct validity results using confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis found satisfactory fit for all items and scales in all three conditions. These results allowed for the examination of concurrent predictive validity. Bivariate correlation and linear regression analysis supported the concurrent validity for 11 of the 12 scales for the prediction of interpersonal and organisational CWB. In addition, quantile regression analysis provided a much more nuanced understanding of the relationships between the predictor and predicted variables in the study. Lastly, good evidence for convergent validity was found with the Hare Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. The results of this study supported the use of the personality variables of the model for the prediction of deviant behaviour in organisational settings. , D.Phil.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Van Zyl, Casper J.J.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Personality and occupation , Work environment - Psychological aspects , Psychology, Industrial
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/376906 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241084 , uj:24812
- Description: Abstract: The present study aimed to develop and validate a personality-based model of workplace deviance or counterproductive work behavior (CWB). The model consisted of salient dispositional factors considered to be predictive of CWB, either in a unidimensional, or multidimensional capacity, or both. Literature on concepts such as counterproductive work behavior, integrity testing, dark personality, the dark triad of personality and attribution styles informed the selection of traits for inclusion in the model. The shortcomings of selected personality based models of CWB were considered and a dual process account of CWB was postulated. In addition to considering normal personality and its relationship to CWB, this study also argued for the consideration of dark personality constructs as predictors of CWB. In particular, the dark triad of personality was suggested and it was argued that contemporary conceptualisations of dark personality constructs (i.e., psychopathy) enable their measurement in ‘normal’ populations. To examine the predicted relationships between the operationalised personality constructs of the model and the counterproductive criterion variables, the psychometric properties for the developed measures were examined in low stakes (n = 952) and high stakes (n = 401) conditions separately, and in combination. The combined sample included 1353 working adults ranging between 18 and 78 years of age (mean = 35.6, SD = 11.9). There were 619 (45.8%) men. The ethnic distribution included 534 (39.5%) Black/African, 381 (28.2%) White, 138 (10.2%) Coloured, 113 (8.4%) Indian, 11(0.8%) Asian and 176 (12%) unspecified. Construct validity results using confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis found satisfactory fit for all items and scales in all three conditions. These results allowed for the examination of concurrent predictive validity. Bivariate correlation and linear regression analysis supported the concurrent validity for 11 of the 12 scales for the prediction of interpersonal and organisational CWB. In addition, quantile regression analysis provided a much more nuanced understanding of the relationships between the predictor and predicted variables in the study. Lastly, good evidence for convergent validity was found with the Hare Self-Report Psychopathy Scale. The results of this study supported the use of the personality variables of the model for the prediction of deviant behaviour in organisational settings. , D.Phil.
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