A review of municipal solid waste data for Harare, Zimbabwe
- Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E., Mbohwa, Charles, Patel, B.
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles , Patel, B.
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400914 , uj:33482 , Citation: Nhubu, T. et al. 2019. A review of municipal solid waste data for Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Municipal solid waste (MSW) data sources in Harare metropolitan province show significantly varying data with regards to generation and composition. The sources of variations include data lumping; exclusion of MSW managed outside the formal system and remain uncol-lected, lack of a clear definition of what constitutes MSW within the Zimbabwean context as well as temporal variations. It is therefore important for waste generation and characterisation studies to be undertaken building upon the already existing datasets to ensure the accuracy and reliability needed for data credibility for use in MSW management planning.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles , Patel, B.
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400914 , uj:33482 , Citation: Nhubu, T. et al. 2019. A review of municipal solid waste data for Harare, Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Municipal solid waste (MSW) data sources in Harare metropolitan province show significantly varying data with regards to generation and composition. The sources of variations include data lumping; exclusion of MSW managed outside the formal system and remain uncol-lected, lack of a clear definition of what constitutes MSW within the Zimbabwean context as well as temporal variations. It is therefore important for waste generation and characterisation studies to be undertaken building upon the already existing datasets to ensure the accuracy and reliability needed for data credibility for use in MSW management planning.
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Eutrophication impact potential of solid waste management options in Harare
- Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E., Mbohwa, Charles
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400405 , uj:33415 , Citation: Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E. & Mbohwa, C. 2019. Eutrophication impact potential of solid waste management options in Harare.
- Description: Abstract: Six municipal solid waste management options (A1– A6) in Harare were devel-oped and analyzed for their eutrophication impact potentials under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. All the options started with waste collection and transportation to a cen-tralized waste treatment centre where a combination of various municipal solid waste manage-ment and treatment methods were considered under the different options. Results show that landfilling and material recovery for reuse and recyle are the only MSW management processes that contributes to negative eutrophication potential giving options that had landfilling (A1, A4 and A6) an overall edge. The doubling of recycling rate under A5 and increasing it to atleast 25% under A6 result in below zero eutrophication impact potentials. Results reveal that anaero-bic digestion and incineration contribute to increased eutrophication potential under all the op-tions they were considered hence need for further assessments considering other impact catego-ries to determine the most sustainable option.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400405 , uj:33415 , Citation: Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E. & Mbohwa, C. 2019. Eutrophication impact potential of solid waste management options in Harare.
- Description: Abstract: Six municipal solid waste management options (A1– A6) in Harare were devel-oped and analyzed for their eutrophication impact potentials under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. All the options started with waste collection and transportation to a cen-tralized waste treatment centre where a combination of various municipal solid waste manage-ment and treatment methods were considered under the different options. Results show that landfilling and material recovery for reuse and recyle are the only MSW management processes that contributes to negative eutrophication potential giving options that had landfilling (A1, A4 and A6) an overall edge. The doubling of recycling rate under A5 and increasing it to atleast 25% under A6 result in below zero eutrophication impact potentials. Results reveal that anaero-bic digestion and incineration contribute to increased eutrophication potential under all the op-tions they were considered hence need for further assessments considering other impact catego-ries to determine the most sustainable option.
- Full Text:
Eutrophication impact potential of solid waste management options in Harare
- Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E., Mbohwa, Charles
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400926 , uj:33484 , Citation: Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E. & Mbohwa, C. 2019. Eutrophication impact potential of solid waste management options in Harare.
- Description: Abstract: Six municipal solid waste management options (A1– A6) in Harare were devel-oped and analyzed for their eutrophication impact potentials under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. All the options started with waste collection and transportation to a cen-tralized waste treatment centre where a combination of various municipal solid waste manage-ment and treatment methods were considered under the different options. Results show that landfilling and material recovery for reuse and recyle are the only MSW management processes that contributes to negative eutrophication potential giving options that had landfilling (A1, A4 and A6) an overall edge. The doubling of recycling rate under A5 and increasing it to atleast 25% under A6 result in below zero eutrophication impact potentials. Results reveal that anaero-bic digestion and incineration contribute to increased eutrophication potential under all the op-tions they were considered hence need for further assessments considering other impact catego-ries to determine the most sustainable option.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400926 , uj:33484 , Citation: Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E. & Mbohwa, C. 2019. Eutrophication impact potential of solid waste management options in Harare.
- Description: Abstract: Six municipal solid waste management options (A1– A6) in Harare were devel-oped and analyzed for their eutrophication impact potentials under the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. All the options started with waste collection and transportation to a cen-tralized waste treatment centre where a combination of various municipal solid waste manage-ment and treatment methods were considered under the different options. Results show that landfilling and material recovery for reuse and recyle are the only MSW management processes that contributes to negative eutrophication potential giving options that had landfilling (A1, A4 and A6) an overall edge. The doubling of recycling rate under A5 and increasing it to atleast 25% under A6 result in below zero eutrophication impact potentials. Results reveal that anaero-bic digestion and incineration contribute to increased eutrophication potential under all the op-tions they were considered hence need for further assessments considering other impact catego-ries to determine the most sustainable option.
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Impacts of waste management practices on water resources in Harare
- Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E., Mbohwa, Charles, Patel, B.
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles , Patel, B.
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400919 , uj:33483 , Citation: Nhubu, T. et al. 2019. Impacts of waste management practices on water resources in Harare.
- Description: Abstract: Poor municipal solid waste (MSW) management practices impact negatively on freshwater availability in terms of both quality and quantity. A review on the MSW practices currently being practiced and their impacts on water resources management in Harare was car-ried out to give recommendations towards sustainable MSW management and reduce the pollu-tion of water bodies. There is urgent need for the development and implementation of a local level integrated MSW management plan tapping from the national plan that was pronounced in 2014. Such a plan should incorporate material and energy recovery with the best option combin-ing anaerobic digestion of biodegradable MSW and incineration of the non-biodegradable MSW fraction. Legislative reforms to enforce source separation, the prohibition of dumbing waste at dumpsites together with the landfilling of biodegradable waste need to be urgently institutional-ized.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles , Patel, B.
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400919 , uj:33483 , Citation: Nhubu, T. et al. 2019. Impacts of waste management practices on water resources in Harare.
- Description: Abstract: Poor municipal solid waste (MSW) management practices impact negatively on freshwater availability in terms of both quality and quantity. A review on the MSW practices currently being practiced and their impacts on water resources management in Harare was car-ried out to give recommendations towards sustainable MSW management and reduce the pollu-tion of water bodies. There is urgent need for the development and implementation of a local level integrated MSW management plan tapping from the national plan that was pronounced in 2014. Such a plan should incorporate material and energy recovery with the best option combin-ing anaerobic digestion of biodegradable MSW and incineration of the non-biodegradable MSW fraction. Legislative reforms to enforce source separation, the prohibition of dumbing waste at dumpsites together with the landfilling of biodegradable waste need to be urgently institutional-ized.
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Incineration as a potential solution to Africa’s plastic waste challenges? A narrative review
- Mazhandu, Z. S. M., Muzenda, E., Belaid, M., Mamvura, T. A., Nhubu, T.
- Authors: Mazhandu, Z. S. M. , Muzenda, E. , Belaid, M. , Mamvura, T. A. , Nhubu, T.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Incineration , Life Cycle Assessment , Plastic waste
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/458865 , uj:40776 , Citation: Mazhandu, Z.S.M. et al. 2020. Incineration as a potential solution to Africa’s plastic waste challenges? A narrative review.
- Description: Abstract: Africa is considered the second most polluted continent and it will contribute the highest amount of waste into the world’s oceans by 2035. A paltry 4% of the total municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Africa is recycled and yet 70-80% of the MSW is recyclable. In addition, 90% of the waste that is generated is dumped at uncontrolled landfills while 10% is illegally burnt. Africa has accumulated over 130 million tonnes of plastic waste on its landfills. The poor recycling statistics of the continent means that Africa is missing out on the benefits that plastic waste can yield such as job creation and energy generation; both which are lacking in Africa. The objectives of this review are therefore to assess whether incineration can be considered in the management of plastic waste in Africa based on past life cycle assessment studies; to determine the risks associated with incineration as well as evaluate threats to its success. Data was sourced using keywords and phrases in academic databases and grey literature. The results show that opportunities exist for Africa to manage its plastic waste sustainably and therefore, landfilling of plastic wastes is not the solution due to the risk of spontaneous fires that release harmful toxins. In conclusion, as the continent navigates the path to “zero waste to landfills” in line with circular economy principles; it is time for waste to energy technologies such as incineration to be considered in waste management systems. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) within the African context need to be carried out as they are lacking, in order to determine how incineration or other treatment methods such as pyrolysis and use of plastic wastes in cement kilns and blast furnaces can be successfully implemented without increasing eco-toxicological and human toxicological impacts.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mazhandu, Z. S. M. , Muzenda, E. , Belaid, M. , Mamvura, T. A. , Nhubu, T.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Incineration , Life Cycle Assessment , Plastic waste
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/458865 , uj:40776 , Citation: Mazhandu, Z.S.M. et al. 2020. Incineration as a potential solution to Africa’s plastic waste challenges? A narrative review.
- Description: Abstract: Africa is considered the second most polluted continent and it will contribute the highest amount of waste into the world’s oceans by 2035. A paltry 4% of the total municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Africa is recycled and yet 70-80% of the MSW is recyclable. In addition, 90% of the waste that is generated is dumped at uncontrolled landfills while 10% is illegally burnt. Africa has accumulated over 130 million tonnes of plastic waste on its landfills. The poor recycling statistics of the continent means that Africa is missing out on the benefits that plastic waste can yield such as job creation and energy generation; both which are lacking in Africa. The objectives of this review are therefore to assess whether incineration can be considered in the management of plastic waste in Africa based on past life cycle assessment studies; to determine the risks associated with incineration as well as evaluate threats to its success. Data was sourced using keywords and phrases in academic databases and grey literature. The results show that opportunities exist for Africa to manage its plastic waste sustainably and therefore, landfilling of plastic wastes is not the solution due to the risk of spontaneous fires that release harmful toxins. In conclusion, as the continent navigates the path to “zero waste to landfills” in line with circular economy principles; it is time for waste to energy technologies such as incineration to be considered in waste management systems. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) within the African context need to be carried out as they are lacking, in order to determine how incineration or other treatment methods such as pyrolysis and use of plastic wastes in cement kilns and blast furnaces can be successfully implemented without increasing eco-toxicological and human toxicological impacts.
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Opportunities and limitations for source separation of waste generated in Harare
- Nhubu, T., Muzenda, E., Mbohwa, Charles, Patel, B.
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles , Patel, B.
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400644 , uj:33445 , Citation: Nhubu, T. 2019. Opportunities and limitations for source separation of waste generated in Harare.
- Description: Abstract: Source separation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is an integral part of sustaina-ble and integrated MSW management. In Zimbabwe, the national solid waste management plan of 2014 provide for source separation under goal 2 and public education for awareness raising on the importance of source separation under goal 7. This provides the necessary commitment and necessity for source separation at national level. This study reviewed the available opportu-nities and limitations for MSW source separation in Harare. Such opportunities for source sepa-ration that exists include the availability of a national plan, MSW composition which eases source separation of organics to either anaerobic digestion or composting, recyclables and non-recyclables of a low heating value amenable to incineration with energy recovery. However, limitations with regards to enabling legislation, municipal capacity to spearhead source separa-tion in light of their failure to provide MSW receptacles to over 75% of households, equipment and technical expertise exist.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nhubu, T. , Muzenda, E. , Mbohwa, Charles , Patel, B.
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/400644 , uj:33445 , Citation: Nhubu, T. 2019. Opportunities and limitations for source separation of waste generated in Harare.
- Description: Abstract: Source separation of municipal solid waste (MSW) is an integral part of sustaina-ble and integrated MSW management. In Zimbabwe, the national solid waste management plan of 2014 provide for source separation under goal 2 and public education for awareness raising on the importance of source separation under goal 7. This provides the necessary commitment and necessity for source separation at national level. This study reviewed the available opportu-nities and limitations for MSW source separation in Harare. Such opportunities for source sepa-ration that exists include the availability of a national plan, MSW composition which eases source separation of organics to either anaerobic digestion or composting, recyclables and non-recyclables of a low heating value amenable to incineration with energy recovery. However, limitations with regards to enabling legislation, municipal capacity to spearhead source separa-tion in light of their failure to provide MSW receptacles to over 75% of households, equipment and technical expertise exist.
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Plastic waste use in the blast furnace as a reducing agent
- Mazhandu, Z. S. M., Muzenda, E., Belaid, M., Mamvura, T. A., Nhubu, T.
- Authors: Mazhandu, Z. S. M. , Muzenda, E. , Belaid, M. , Mamvura, T. A. , Nhubu, T.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Blast Furnace , Coke , Landfill
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/458868 , uj:40778 , Citation: Mazhandu, Z.S.M. et al. 2020. Plastic waste use in the blast furnace as a reducing agent.
- Description: Abstract: Steel is among the most essential materials in construction, making its manufacture equally important. Steel is manufactured either via an integrated iron and steel making route characterised by the Blast Furnace (BF) and a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF), smelting followed by a BOF or in an electric arc furnace. The objective of this paper explores the possibility of using plastic waste in Africa as an alternative reducing agent to coke in the Blast Furnace; a recycling practice that is commonly done in Japan and Europe. There are many benefits that can be accrued environmentally, operationally and economically when using waste plastics in the BF. The hydrogen content in waste plastics is almost three times more than that in pulverised coal making it a better reducing agent environmentally and economically. Plastic waste has a higher calorific value and less impurities, which results in energy savings and less dioxins and furans in the process. In addition, bearing in mind that over 130 million of tonnes of plastic waste are currently in Africa’s landfills, utilising waste plastics in the BF will result in savings in landfills airspace, prevent financial losses incurred through dumping valuable recyclables, protect the environment and the public because if spontaneous fires start in landfills then toxic fumes such as furans and dioxins, cannot be generated if the landfills are plastic free. With such evidence on hand, plastic waste use in the BF presents an untapped beneficial opportunity not only for the continent of Africa but other continents such as North America where landfilling is rife.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mazhandu, Z. S. M. , Muzenda, E. , Belaid, M. , Mamvura, T. A. , Nhubu, T.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Blast Furnace , Coke , Landfill
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/458868 , uj:40778 , Citation: Mazhandu, Z.S.M. et al. 2020. Plastic waste use in the blast furnace as a reducing agent.
- Description: Abstract: Steel is among the most essential materials in construction, making its manufacture equally important. Steel is manufactured either via an integrated iron and steel making route characterised by the Blast Furnace (BF) and a Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF), smelting followed by a BOF or in an electric arc furnace. The objective of this paper explores the possibility of using plastic waste in Africa as an alternative reducing agent to coke in the Blast Furnace; a recycling practice that is commonly done in Japan and Europe. There are many benefits that can be accrued environmentally, operationally and economically when using waste plastics in the BF. The hydrogen content in waste plastics is almost three times more than that in pulverised coal making it a better reducing agent environmentally and economically. Plastic waste has a higher calorific value and less impurities, which results in energy savings and less dioxins and furans in the process. In addition, bearing in mind that over 130 million of tonnes of plastic waste are currently in Africa’s landfills, utilising waste plastics in the BF will result in savings in landfills airspace, prevent financial losses incurred through dumping valuable recyclables, protect the environment and the public because if spontaneous fires start in landfills then toxic fumes such as furans and dioxins, cannot be generated if the landfills are plastic free. With such evidence on hand, plastic waste use in the BF presents an untapped beneficial opportunity not only for the continent of Africa but other continents such as North America where landfilling is rife.
- Full Text:
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