Blended tropical almond residue for fuel production: characteristics, energy benefits, and emission reduction potential
- Olatunji, Obafemi O., Akinlabi, Stephen, Madushele, Nkosinathi, Adedeji, Paul A., Ndolomingo, Matumuene J., Thivhani, Meshack
- Authors: Olatunji, Obafemi O. , Akinlabi, Stephen , Madushele, Nkosinathi , Adedeji, Paul A. , Ndolomingo, Matumuene J. , Thivhani, Meshack
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Blended tropical almond , Clean fuel production , CO2 emission
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/436512 , uj:37867 , Olatuni, O.O. et al. 2020: Blended tropical almond residue for fuel production: characteristics, energy benefits, and emission reduction potential. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122013
- Description: Abstract: , Besides the nuts produced from almond cultivation, it also generates several million tonnes of residue that include hulls, shells, leaves, pruning, and inedible kernels which are valuable feedstocks in clean fuel production. In this article, blended tropical almond residue of two particle sizes (NT15 and NT25) were investigated. The heating, proximate and ultimate values were reported while the chemical composition of the ash was determined. Also, the pore structure and the inherent functional groups were determined for the particle sizes. The thermogravimetric analysis was also carried out to determine the thermal behaviour at different heating rate (10, 15, 30 oCmin-1) in inert environment while the kinetic parameters were evaluated based on three non-isothermal methods (Flynn– Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and distributed activation energy model). Notably, the ash content was higher in the finer particle size NT15 (1.11 %) compared to NT25 (0.87 %). Low pore surface area (1.218-0.970 m²g-1) agrees with literature values while a slight difference in pore size distribution was observed during adsorption at higher relative pressure. A representation of mixed functional groups whose wavelength falls within 527 cm-1, 848 cm-1, 991 cm-1, 1035 cm-1, 1179 cm-1, 1597 cm-1, 1772 cm-1, 2849 cm-1 was observed with no significant difference between the two particle sizes. The average activation energy, Ea for NT15 and NT25 were in the range of 127.4-131 kJmol-1 and 129-133 kJmol-1 respectively for all the three methods, with the lowest Ea (127.4 kJmol-1) and compensation factor, K0 (1.29E+12 min-1) obtained for the smaller particle size (NT15) based on Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method. Finally, the energy benefits and CO2 emission reduction potential were estimated. The highest energy potential is in USA (4.17 Mtoe) while Morocco has the highest emission reduction at 3.28 %. The information obtained from this study can be used in the scaling up of bioreactors which can further support the global clean energy drive and reduce environmental pollution.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Olatunji, Obafemi O. , Akinlabi, Stephen , Madushele, Nkosinathi , Adedeji, Paul A. , Ndolomingo, Matumuene J. , Thivhani, Meshack
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Blended tropical almond , Clean fuel production , CO2 emission
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/436512 , uj:37867 , Olatuni, O.O. et al. 2020: Blended tropical almond residue for fuel production: characteristics, energy benefits, and emission reduction potential. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122013
- Description: Abstract: , Besides the nuts produced from almond cultivation, it also generates several million tonnes of residue that include hulls, shells, leaves, pruning, and inedible kernels which are valuable feedstocks in clean fuel production. In this article, blended tropical almond residue of two particle sizes (NT15 and NT25) were investigated. The heating, proximate and ultimate values were reported while the chemical composition of the ash was determined. Also, the pore structure and the inherent functional groups were determined for the particle sizes. The thermogravimetric analysis was also carried out to determine the thermal behaviour at different heating rate (10, 15, 30 oCmin-1) in inert environment while the kinetic parameters were evaluated based on three non-isothermal methods (Flynn– Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose and distributed activation energy model). Notably, the ash content was higher in the finer particle size NT15 (1.11 %) compared to NT25 (0.87 %). Low pore surface area (1.218-0.970 m²g-1) agrees with literature values while a slight difference in pore size distribution was observed during adsorption at higher relative pressure. A representation of mixed functional groups whose wavelength falls within 527 cm-1, 848 cm-1, 991 cm-1, 1035 cm-1, 1179 cm-1, 1597 cm-1, 1772 cm-1, 2849 cm-1 was observed with no significant difference between the two particle sizes. The average activation energy, Ea for NT15 and NT25 were in the range of 127.4-131 kJmol-1 and 129-133 kJmol-1 respectively for all the three methods, with the lowest Ea (127.4 kJmol-1) and compensation factor, K0 (1.29E+12 min-1) obtained for the smaller particle size (NT15) based on Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method. Finally, the energy benefits and CO2 emission reduction potential were estimated. The highest energy potential is in USA (4.17 Mtoe) while Morocco has the highest emission reduction at 3.28 %. The information obtained from this study can be used in the scaling up of bioreactors which can further support the global clean energy drive and reduce environmental pollution.
- Full Text:
Geospatial investigation of physico-chemical properties and thermodynamic parameters of biomass residue for energy generation
- Olatunji, Obafemi O., Akinlabi, Stephen, Madushele, Nkosinathi, Adedeji, Paul A., Ndolomingo, Matumuene J.
- Authors: Olatunji, Obafemi O. , Akinlabi, Stephen , Madushele, Nkosinathi , Adedeji, Paul A. , Ndolomingo, Matumuene J.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Corn cob , Geospatial investigation , Physicochemical properties
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/436538 , uj:37870
- Description: Abstract: , Biomass represents vast under-explored feedstock for energy generation across the globe. Among other factors, the location from where the feedstock is harvested may affect the overall properties and the efficiency of bioreactors used in the conversion process. Herein is reported some physicochemical properties, the kinetic study and thermodynamic analysis of corn cob sourced from two major economies in sub-Sahara African region. Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis was performed to investigate the surface characteristics of corn cob while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the corresponding functional group present in the selected biomass residue. The proximate and CHNSO analyses were performed using the standard equipment and following the standard procedures, then the result is reported and compared based on the geographical locations under consideration. Also, the thermal decomposition study was carried out at different heating rate (10, 15, 30 Cmin-1) in inert atmosphere while the kinetic parameters were evaluated based on Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there is a statistically significant difference between ultimate constituents, the fixed carbon, and volatile matter obtained from the two countries at 95% confidence level. FTIR showed different spectra peak in both samples which means there are varying quantity of structural elements in each feedstock. The pore surface area (1.375 m²/g ) obtained for corncob from South Africa (SC25) was greater than the value (1.074 m²/g ) obtained for Nigeria (NC25). From the result, the highest value of activation energy, (Ea =190.1 kJmol-1 and 189.9 kJmol-1) was estimated for SC25 based on KAS and FWO methods respectively. The result showed that geographical location may somewhat affect some energetic properties of biomass and further provides useful information about thermodynamic and kinetic parameters which could be deployed in the simulation, optimization and scale-up of the bioreactors for pyrolysis process.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Olatunji, Obafemi O. , Akinlabi, Stephen , Madushele, Nkosinathi , Adedeji, Paul A. , Ndolomingo, Matumuene J.
- Date: 2020
- Subjects: Corn cob , Geospatial investigation , Physicochemical properties
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/436538 , uj:37870
- Description: Abstract: , Biomass represents vast under-explored feedstock for energy generation across the globe. Among other factors, the location from where the feedstock is harvested may affect the overall properties and the efficiency of bioreactors used in the conversion process. Herein is reported some physicochemical properties, the kinetic study and thermodynamic analysis of corn cob sourced from two major economies in sub-Sahara African region. Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis was performed to investigate the surface characteristics of corn cob while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the corresponding functional group present in the selected biomass residue. The proximate and CHNSO analyses were performed using the standard equipment and following the standard procedures, then the result is reported and compared based on the geographical locations under consideration. Also, the thermal decomposition study was carried out at different heating rate (10, 15, 30 Cmin-1) in inert atmosphere while the kinetic parameters were evaluated based on Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) methods The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there is a statistically significant difference between ultimate constituents, the fixed carbon, and volatile matter obtained from the two countries at 95% confidence level. FTIR showed different spectra peak in both samples which means there are varying quantity of structural elements in each feedstock. The pore surface area (1.375 m²/g ) obtained for corncob from South Africa (SC25) was greater than the value (1.074 m²/g ) obtained for Nigeria (NC25). From the result, the highest value of activation energy, (Ea =190.1 kJmol-1 and 189.9 kJmol-1) was estimated for SC25 based on KAS and FWO methods respectively. The result showed that geographical location may somewhat affect some energetic properties of biomass and further provides useful information about thermodynamic and kinetic parameters which could be deployed in the simulation, optimization and scale-up of the bioreactors for pyrolysis process.
- Full Text:
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