See no evil, hear no evil and speak no evil? The press, violence and hooliganism at the ‘battle of Zimbabwe’
- Ncube, Lyton, Munoriyarwa, Allen
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton , Munoriyarwa, Allen
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Zimbabwe , Hooliganism , Battle of Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/257837 , uj:27096 , Citation: Ncube, L. & Munoriyarwa, A. 2018. See no evil, hear no evil and speak no evil? The press, violence and hooliganism at the ‘battle of Zimbabwe’.
- Description: Abstract: Matches between Zimbabwean Premier Soccer League (PSL) teams Dynamos FC and Highlanders FC are popular but controversial. In 2004, Robson Sharuko, senior sports editor of The Herald newspaper, dubbed this game the ‘battle of Zimbabwe’. The fixture usually explodes into ugly scenes of violence. Such incidents hardly evade the eyes of the mass media. However, growing scholarship on Zimbabwean football have under-theorized this violence. The essay deploys the framing theory and Foucauldian discourse to analyze the framing of selected episodes of violence at the ‘battle of Zimbabwe’ by two state-controlled newspapers – The Herald and the Chronicle, which fall under the Zimbabwe Newspapers (Zimpapers) stable. The study shows that contrary to the common perception that The Herald and the Chronicle provide monolithic accounts on events, they furnish heterogeneous narratives on violence at this fixture. This heterogeneity is influenced by ethnic tensions between two dominant ethnic groups in Zimbabwe – the Shona and the Ndebele.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton , Munoriyarwa, Allen
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Zimbabwe , Hooliganism , Battle of Zimbabwe
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/257837 , uj:27096 , Citation: Ncube, L. & Munoriyarwa, A. 2018. See no evil, hear no evil and speak no evil? The press, violence and hooliganism at the ‘battle of Zimbabwe’.
- Description: Abstract: Matches between Zimbabwean Premier Soccer League (PSL) teams Dynamos FC and Highlanders FC are popular but controversial. In 2004, Robson Sharuko, senior sports editor of The Herald newspaper, dubbed this game the ‘battle of Zimbabwe’. The fixture usually explodes into ugly scenes of violence. Such incidents hardly evade the eyes of the mass media. However, growing scholarship on Zimbabwean football have under-theorized this violence. The essay deploys the framing theory and Foucauldian discourse to analyze the framing of selected episodes of violence at the ‘battle of Zimbabwe’ by two state-controlled newspapers – The Herald and the Chronicle, which fall under the Zimbabwe Newspapers (Zimpapers) stable. The study shows that contrary to the common perception that The Herald and the Chronicle provide monolithic accounts on events, they furnish heterogeneous narratives on violence at this fixture. This heterogeneity is influenced by ethnic tensions between two dominant ethnic groups in Zimbabwe – the Shona and the Ndebele.
- Full Text:
Sports journalists and corruption in Zimbabwean football : reflections on the Asia-gate scandal
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Asia-gate scandal , Brown envelope , Football
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/274639 , uj:29309 , Citation: Ncube, L. 2018. Sports journalists and corruption in Zimbabwean football : reflections on the Asia-gate scandal.
- Description: Abstract: Zimbabwe experienced a high profile match fixing scam between 2007-2010, commonly known as the Asiagate scandal. The Warriors - men’s senior national football team, reportedly fell victim to Asian betting syndicates. Four journalists from the state-controlled media were sanctioned by the Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA) for allegedly participating in the scam. Burgeoning literature on ‘brown envelopes’ and freebies in journalistic practice in Africa at large and Zimbabwe in particular, has under-theorised this phenomenon in Zimbabwe’s sports journalism fraternity. Focusing on the Asia-gate scandal, the article utilises ‘brown envelope journalism’ theoretical lens to examine the subject and its repercussions on sports journalism practice, from the view point of sports journalists. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected sports journalists both from the publicly owned and privately owned media in Zimbabwe. The article avers that due to the deteriorating socio-economic environment, some journalists were ‘seduced’ by ‘brown envelopes’ and ‘recruited’ into a ‘patronage’ corrupt network by match-fixers. Consequently, ‘patronised’ journalists became pliant tools in hands of match-fixers and failed to ‘bark’ at malpractices masterminded by their ‘benefactors’.
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- Authors: Ncube, Lyton
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Asia-gate scandal , Brown envelope , Football
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/274639 , uj:29309 , Citation: Ncube, L. 2018. Sports journalists and corruption in Zimbabwean football : reflections on the Asia-gate scandal.
- Description: Abstract: Zimbabwe experienced a high profile match fixing scam between 2007-2010, commonly known as the Asiagate scandal. The Warriors - men’s senior national football team, reportedly fell victim to Asian betting syndicates. Four journalists from the state-controlled media were sanctioned by the Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA) for allegedly participating in the scam. Burgeoning literature on ‘brown envelopes’ and freebies in journalistic practice in Africa at large and Zimbabwe in particular, has under-theorised this phenomenon in Zimbabwe’s sports journalism fraternity. Focusing on the Asia-gate scandal, the article utilises ‘brown envelope journalism’ theoretical lens to examine the subject and its repercussions on sports journalism practice, from the view point of sports journalists. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected sports journalists both from the publicly owned and privately owned media in Zimbabwe. The article avers that due to the deteriorating socio-economic environment, some journalists were ‘seduced’ by ‘brown envelopes’ and ‘recruited’ into a ‘patronage’ corrupt network by match-fixers. Consequently, ‘patronised’ journalists became pliant tools in hands of match-fixers and failed to ‘bark’ at malpractices masterminded by their ‘benefactors’.
- Full Text:
Sports journalists and corruption in Zimbabwean football : reflections on the Asia-gate scandal
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Asia-gate scandal , Brown envelope , Football
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/260818 , uj:27478 , Citation: Ncube, L. 2017. Sports Journalists and Corruption in Zimbabwean Football: Reflections on the Asiagate Scandal, Communicatio, 43:3-4, 19-35, DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2017.1385499
- Description: Abstract: Zimbabwe experienced a high profile match fixing scam between 2007-2010, commonly known as the Asiagate scandal. The Warriors - men’s senior national football team, reportedly fell victim to Asian betting syndicates. Four journalists from the state-controlled media were sanctioned by the Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA) for allegedly participating in the scam. Burgeoning literature on ‘brown envelopes’ and freebies in journalistic practice in Africa at large and Zimbabwe in particular, has under-theorised this phenomenon in Zimbabwe’s sports journalism fraternity. Focusing on the Asia-gate scandal, the article utilises ‘brown envelope journalism’ theoretical lens to examine the subject and its repercussions on sports journalism practice, from the view point of sports journalists. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected sports journalists both from the publicly owned and privately owned media in Zimbabwe. The article avers that due to the deteriorating socio-economic environment, some journalists were ‘seduced’ by ‘brown envelopes’ and ‘recruited’ into a ‘patronage’ corrupt network by match-fixers. Consequently, ‘patronised’ journalists became pliant tools in hands of match-fixers and failed to ‘bark’ at malpractices masterminded by their ‘benefactors’.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Asia-gate scandal , Brown envelope , Football
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/260818 , uj:27478 , Citation: Ncube, L. 2017. Sports Journalists and Corruption in Zimbabwean Football: Reflections on the Asiagate Scandal, Communicatio, 43:3-4, 19-35, DOI: 10.1080/02500167.2017.1385499
- Description: Abstract: Zimbabwe experienced a high profile match fixing scam between 2007-2010, commonly known as the Asiagate scandal. The Warriors - men’s senior national football team, reportedly fell victim to Asian betting syndicates. Four journalists from the state-controlled media were sanctioned by the Zimbabwe Football Association (ZIFA) for allegedly participating in the scam. Burgeoning literature on ‘brown envelopes’ and freebies in journalistic practice in Africa at large and Zimbabwe in particular, has under-theorised this phenomenon in Zimbabwe’s sports journalism fraternity. Focusing on the Asia-gate scandal, the article utilises ‘brown envelope journalism’ theoretical lens to examine the subject and its repercussions on sports journalism practice, from the view point of sports journalists. In-depth interviews were conducted with selected sports journalists both from the publicly owned and privately owned media in Zimbabwe. The article avers that due to the deteriorating socio-economic environment, some journalists were ‘seduced’ by ‘brown envelopes’ and ‘recruited’ into a ‘patronage’ corrupt network by match-fixers. Consequently, ‘patronised’ journalists became pliant tools in hands of match-fixers and failed to ‘bark’ at malpractices masterminded by their ‘benefactors’.
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Watch my back and I watch yours’: Beyond Habermas’ public sphere concept in democratic and participatory dimensions of pre-colonial Shona society public spaces
- Ncube, Lyton, Tomaselli, Keyan G.
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton , Tomaselli, Keyan G.
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Participatory communication , Dare , Dariro
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/407046 , uj:34247 , Citation: Ncube, L., Tomaselli, K.G. 2019 : Watch my back and I watch yours’: Beyond Habermas’ public sphere concept in democratic and participatory dimensions of pre-colonial Shona society public spaces.
- Description: Abstract: Debates on communication media and democracy including in Africa are largely anchored in the western Habermasian public sphere concept. Studies employing indigenous African communication platforms and symbols are scarce, prompting Zimbabwean philosopher Tafataona Mahoso to argue that while Africans have a philosophy, we have become ‘illiterate’ such that we cannot read our constructions and symbols. Thus, this article broadens discussions on participatory communication practices and democratic principles by engaging pre-colonial Zimbabwe communication and solidarity relational philosophies of Dariro and Dare (ubiquitous circle) largely located in traditional Shona societies. The philosophical democratic dimensions of these platforms are discussed in relation to Habermas’ public sphere theory. We show that despite western thought generally regarding the non-West as a place of antiquarian traditions and unprocessed data, pre-colonial indigenous African communication systems were characterized by democratic participation, agency and public contest; at times beyond democratic practices and principles espoused by the Habermasian public sphere.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton , Tomaselli, Keyan G.
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Participatory communication , Dare , Dariro
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/407046 , uj:34247 , Citation: Ncube, L., Tomaselli, K.G. 2019 : Watch my back and I watch yours’: Beyond Habermas’ public sphere concept in democratic and participatory dimensions of pre-colonial Shona society public spaces.
- Description: Abstract: Debates on communication media and democracy including in Africa are largely anchored in the western Habermasian public sphere concept. Studies employing indigenous African communication platforms and symbols are scarce, prompting Zimbabwean philosopher Tafataona Mahoso to argue that while Africans have a philosophy, we have become ‘illiterate’ such that we cannot read our constructions and symbols. Thus, this article broadens discussions on participatory communication practices and democratic principles by engaging pre-colonial Zimbabwe communication and solidarity relational philosophies of Dariro and Dare (ubiquitous circle) largely located in traditional Shona societies. The philosophical democratic dimensions of these platforms are discussed in relation to Habermas’ public sphere theory. We show that despite western thought generally regarding the non-West as a place of antiquarian traditions and unprocessed data, pre-colonial indigenous African communication systems were characterized by democratic participation, agency and public contest; at times beyond democratic practices and principles espoused by the Habermasian public sphere.
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What is in a song? constructions of hegemonic masculinity by Zimbabwean football fans
- Ncube, Lyton, Chawana, Fiona
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton , Chawana, Fiona
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Football , Stadia songs , Hegemonic masculinity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/290159 , uj:31495 , Citation: Ncube, L. & Chawana, F. 2018. What is in a song? constructions of hegemonic masculinity by Zimbabwean football fans.
- Description: Abstract: Hegemonic masculinity is defined as the most ‘honoured’ way of being a man, requiring all men to try to meet its standards. It may be encountered randomly, sometimes at such dispersed, everyday sites as sporting events. This article explores the authors’ ethnographic encounters with hegemonic masculinities amongst football fans in Zimbabwe, particularly in the songs they sing. Utilising Raewyn Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity, the article argues that Zimbabwean football fandom is tangled with hegemonic masculinities. The article demonstrates a simultaneously covert and subtle, but always complex, relationship between football fandom and masculinities, specifically hegemonic masculinity. The study’s major conclusion is that hegemonic masculinity is strongly discursive and occasionally occurs even in the seemingly most harmless mundane banter such as stadia songs. Despite the sometimes jovial nature of these performances, there are power undercurrents involved.
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- Authors: Ncube, Lyton , Chawana, Fiona
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Football , Stadia songs , Hegemonic masculinity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/290159 , uj:31495 , Citation: Ncube, L. & Chawana, F. 2018. What is in a song? constructions of hegemonic masculinity by Zimbabwean football fans.
- Description: Abstract: Hegemonic masculinity is defined as the most ‘honoured’ way of being a man, requiring all men to try to meet its standards. It may be encountered randomly, sometimes at such dispersed, everyday sites as sporting events. This article explores the authors’ ethnographic encounters with hegemonic masculinities amongst football fans in Zimbabwe, particularly in the songs they sing. Utilising Raewyn Connell’s concept of hegemonic masculinity, the article argues that Zimbabwean football fandom is tangled with hegemonic masculinities. The article demonstrates a simultaneously covert and subtle, but always complex, relationship between football fandom and masculinities, specifically hegemonic masculinity. The study’s major conclusion is that hegemonic masculinity is strongly discursive and occasionally occurs even in the seemingly most harmless mundane banter such as stadia songs. Despite the sometimes jovial nature of these performances, there are power undercurrents involved.
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‘Highlander Ithimu yezwe lonke!’ : intersections of Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Football , Ndebele nationalism , Ethnicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/257830 , uj:27095 , Citation: Ncube, L. 2017. ‘Highlander Ithimu yezwe lonke!’ : intersections of Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Football is one of the most emotive cultural forms through which people experience and express nationalism. The study demonstrates intersections of Zimbabwean Premier Soccer League (PSL) team- Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe. This nationalism challenges state narratives of a ‘united Zimbabwe’ and advocates for secession of Bulawayo and Matabeleland provinces to form an ‘independent Ndebele nation’. Literature on Zimbabwean football has under-theorised its interface with football discourse. The author was an observer as participant in Zimbabwean football stadia for a four- year period observing terrace rituals especially songs and chants during Highlanders FC matches. In-depth interviews were also conducted with selected fans to get clarity on observed issues. The study concludes that while discussing secession is criminalised and condemned as ‘tribalism’ in Zimbabwe, Highlanders FC fandom is a critical site where some people express feelings and aspirations towards establishment of a separate ‘independent Ndebele nation’.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Football , Ndebele nationalism , Ethnicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/257830 , uj:27095 , Citation: Ncube, L. 2017. ‘Highlander Ithimu yezwe lonke!’ : intersections of Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Football is one of the most emotive cultural forms through which people experience and express nationalism. The study demonstrates intersections of Zimbabwean Premier Soccer League (PSL) team- Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe. This nationalism challenges state narratives of a ‘united Zimbabwe’ and advocates for secession of Bulawayo and Matabeleland provinces to form an ‘independent Ndebele nation’. Literature on Zimbabwean football has under-theorised its interface with football discourse. The author was an observer as participant in Zimbabwean football stadia for a four- year period observing terrace rituals especially songs and chants during Highlanders FC matches. In-depth interviews were also conducted with selected fans to get clarity on observed issues. The study concludes that while discussing secession is criminalised and condemned as ‘tribalism’ in Zimbabwe, Highlanders FC fandom is a critical site where some people express feelings and aspirations towards establishment of a separate ‘independent Ndebele nation’.
- Full Text:
‘Highlander Ithimu yezwe lonke!’: Intersections of Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Football , Ndebele nationalism , Ethnicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/286424 , uj:30992 , Citation: Ncube, L. 2018. ‘Highlander Ithimu yezwe lonke!’: Intersections of Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Football is one of the most emotive cultural forms through which people experience and express nationalism. The study demonstrates intersections of Zimbabwean Premier Soccer League (PSL) team- Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe. This nationalism challenges state narratives of a ‘united Zimbabwe’ and advocates for secession of Bulawayo and Matabeleland provinces to form an ‘independent Ndebele nation’. Literature on Zimbabwean football has under-theorised its interface with football discourse. The author was an observer as participant in Zimbabwean football stadia for a four- year period observing terrace rituals especially songs and chants during Highlanders FC matches. In-depth interviews were also conducted with selected fans to get clarity on observed issues. The study concludes that while discussing secession is criminalised and condemned as ‘tribalism’ in Zimbabwe, Highlanders FC fandom is a critical site where some people express feelings and aspirations towards establishment of a separate ‘independent Ndebele nation’.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ncube, Lyton
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Football , Ndebele nationalism , Ethnicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/286424 , uj:30992 , Citation: Ncube, L. 2018. ‘Highlander Ithimu yezwe lonke!’: Intersections of Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Football is one of the most emotive cultural forms through which people experience and express nationalism. The study demonstrates intersections of Zimbabwean Premier Soccer League (PSL) team- Highlanders FC fandom and Ndebele ethnic nationalism in Zimbabwe. This nationalism challenges state narratives of a ‘united Zimbabwe’ and advocates for secession of Bulawayo and Matabeleland provinces to form an ‘independent Ndebele nation’. Literature on Zimbabwean football has under-theorised its interface with football discourse. The author was an observer as participant in Zimbabwean football stadia for a four- year period observing terrace rituals especially songs and chants during Highlanders FC matches. In-depth interviews were also conducted with selected fans to get clarity on observed issues. The study concludes that while discussing secession is criminalised and condemned as ‘tribalism’ in Zimbabwe, Highlanders FC fandom is a critical site where some people express feelings and aspirations towards establishment of a separate ‘independent Ndebele nation’.
- Full Text:
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