A comparison of reproducibility of inductively coupled spectrometric techniques in soil metal analyses
- Nyika, Joan, Onyari, Ednah, Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Mishra, Shivani Bhardwaj
- Authors: Nyika, Joan , Onyari, Ednah , Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Mishra, Shivani Bhardwaj
- Subjects: Bias , Errors , Spectrometry
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399226 , uj:33265 , Citation: Nyika, J. et al. 2019. A comparison of reproducibility of inductively coupled spectrometric techniques in soil metal analyses. Air, Soil and Water Research, 12:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622119869002
- Description: Abstract: Precise estimation of metals in samples remains a challenge as a result of analytical biases and errors, which occur at sample collection, preparation, and measurement stages. A poor understanding of the nature and occurrence of these errors further aggravates this challenge. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) and optical emission spectrometry (OES) techniques in quantifying metals from contaminated soils of Roundhill landfill vicinity. Using statistical tools, the study evaluated biases of the 2 methods. High coefficients of variation were realized for V, Cr, and Pb concentrations varied at various sampling sites. Concentrations of elements obtained using the 2 methods had no significant differences using t-test analysis. Definitive agreement for the 2 methods was observed for V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Pb concentrations, whereas the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe showed some deviations in their regression lines. Spectral, systematic, memory, and carry over errors could be attributable to these deviations. The errors promote chelation and adsorption of ions in samples to form insoluble compounds that cannot be quantified. Overall, ICP-MS had greater sensitivity than ICP-OES in trace elements analysis compared with major elements.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Nyika, Joan , Onyari, Ednah , Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Mishra, Shivani Bhardwaj
- Subjects: Bias , Errors , Spectrometry
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399226 , uj:33265 , Citation: Nyika, J. et al. 2019. A comparison of reproducibility of inductively coupled spectrometric techniques in soil metal analyses. Air, Soil and Water Research, 12:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1178622119869002
- Description: Abstract: Precise estimation of metals in samples remains a challenge as a result of analytical biases and errors, which occur at sample collection, preparation, and measurement stages. A poor understanding of the nature and occurrence of these errors further aggravates this challenge. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) and optical emission spectrometry (OES) techniques in quantifying metals from contaminated soils of Roundhill landfill vicinity. Using statistical tools, the study evaluated biases of the 2 methods. High coefficients of variation were realized for V, Cr, and Pb concentrations varied at various sampling sites. Concentrations of elements obtained using the 2 methods had no significant differences using t-test analysis. Definitive agreement for the 2 methods was observed for V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Pb concentrations, whereas the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe showed some deviations in their regression lines. Spectral, systematic, memory, and carry over errors could be attributable to these deviations. The errors promote chelation and adsorption of ions in samples to form insoluble compounds that cannot be quantified. Overall, ICP-MS had greater sensitivity than ICP-OES in trace elements analysis compared with major elements.
- Full Text:
Analysing the temporal water quality dynamics of Lake Basaka, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/238087 , uj:24405 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2017. Analysing the temporal water quality dynamics of Lake Basaka, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. International Conference on Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection (EEEP2016). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 52 (2017). DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/52/1/012057.
- Description: Abstract: This study presents the general water quality status and temporal quality dynamics of Lake Basaka water in the past about 5 decades. Water samples were collected and analysed for important physico-chemical quality parameters following standard procedures. The result showed that Lake Basaka water is highly saline and alkaline and experiencing a general reducing trends in ionic concentrations of quality parameters due to the dilution effect. About 10-fold reduction of total ionic concentration occurred in the Lake over the period of 2 decades (1960-1980). There was a sharp and fast decline in EC, Cl, SO4, Na, and K ions from early 1960s up to the late 1980s, and then became relatively stable. Some ions (eg. Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4) are showing increment in recent years. This characteristics of the lake water is terrible in relation to its potential to inundate the nearby areas in the near future. The expansion of such quality water has negative effects on the water resources of the region, especially soil quality, drainage and groundwater, in terms of salinity, sodicity and specific ion toxicity. The regimes of soil moisture, solute and groundwater could be affected, concurrently affecting the productivity and sustainability of the sugar estate. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the potential sources of water and chemicals to the lake and devise an appropriate mitigation and/or remedial measures.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/238087 , uj:24405 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2017. Analysing the temporal water quality dynamics of Lake Basaka, Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia. International Conference on Energy Engineering and Environmental Protection (EEEP2016). IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 52 (2017). DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/52/1/012057.
- Description: Abstract: This study presents the general water quality status and temporal quality dynamics of Lake Basaka water in the past about 5 decades. Water samples were collected and analysed for important physico-chemical quality parameters following standard procedures. The result showed that Lake Basaka water is highly saline and alkaline and experiencing a general reducing trends in ionic concentrations of quality parameters due to the dilution effect. About 10-fold reduction of total ionic concentration occurred in the Lake over the period of 2 decades (1960-1980). There was a sharp and fast decline in EC, Cl, SO4, Na, and K ions from early 1960s up to the late 1980s, and then became relatively stable. Some ions (eg. Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4) are showing increment in recent years. This characteristics of the lake water is terrible in relation to its potential to inundate the nearby areas in the near future. The expansion of such quality water has negative effects on the water resources of the region, especially soil quality, drainage and groundwater, in terms of salinity, sodicity and specific ion toxicity. The regimes of soil moisture, solute and groundwater could be affected, concurrently affecting the productivity and sustainability of the sugar estate. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify the potential sources of water and chemicals to the lake and devise an appropriate mitigation and/or remedial measures.
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Analysis of Land Use -Land Cover Change in Adei Watershed, Central Highlands of Ethiopia
- Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Chaka, Degefa Dhuga
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Chaka, Degefa Dhuga
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Change analysis , GIS , image analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399537 , uj:33304 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. & Chaka, D.D. 2019. Analysis of Land Use -Land Cover Change in Adei Watershed, Central Highlands of Ethiopia.
- Description: Abstract: Land use -land cover changes (LULCC) at Adei watershed (Ethiopia) over a period of 23 years (1986- 2009) has been analysed from LANDSAT imagery and ancillary data. The patterns (magnitude and direction) of LULCC were quantified and the final LULC maps were produced after a supervised classification with appropriate post-processing. Image analysis results revealed that the study area has undergone substantial LULCC, primarily a shift from natural cover into managed agro-systems, which is apparently attributed to the increasing both human and livestock pressure. Over the 23 years, the aerial coverage of forest and grass lands declined by 8.5% and 4.3%, respectively. On the otherhand, agricultural and shrub lands expanded by 9.1% and 3.7%, respectively. This shows that most of the previously covered by forest and grass lands are mostly shifted to the rapidly expanding farm land use classes. The findings of this study suggested that the rate of LULCC over the study period, particularly deforestation due to the expansion of farmland need to be given due attention to maintain the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Chaka, Degefa Dhuga
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Change analysis , GIS , image analysis
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399537 , uj:33304 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. & Chaka, D.D. 2019. Analysis of Land Use -Land Cover Change in Adei Watershed, Central Highlands of Ethiopia.
- Description: Abstract: Land use -land cover changes (LULCC) at Adei watershed (Ethiopia) over a period of 23 years (1986- 2009) has been analysed from LANDSAT imagery and ancillary data. The patterns (magnitude and direction) of LULCC were quantified and the final LULC maps were produced after a supervised classification with appropriate post-processing. Image analysis results revealed that the study area has undergone substantial LULCC, primarily a shift from natural cover into managed agro-systems, which is apparently attributed to the increasing both human and livestock pressure. Over the 23 years, the aerial coverage of forest and grass lands declined by 8.5% and 4.3%, respectively. On the otherhand, agricultural and shrub lands expanded by 9.1% and 3.7%, respectively. This shows that most of the previously covered by forest and grass lands are mostly shifted to the rapidly expanding farm land use classes. The findings of this study suggested that the rate of LULCC over the study period, particularly deforestation due to the expansion of farmland need to be given due attention to maintain the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem.
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Assessing the performance of Trichardt wastewater treatment plant (South Africa)
- Negwamba, Thulani, Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Authors: Negwamba, Thulani , Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wastewater treatment , Performance , Quality standard
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/404679 , uj:33949 , Citation: Negwamba, T. & Dinka, M.O. 2019. Assessing the performance of Trichardt wastewater treatment plant (South Africa).
- Description: Abstract: The main task in treating the wastewater in South Africa is to reduce the pollutants (solids, organic matter, nutrients, and micro-organisms) to meet the standard requirements from Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). That means the discharged effluent should be without polluting the environment and posing safety risks. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the Trichardt Wastewater Treatment Plant (South Africa) and come up with recommendations for the improvement of the wastewater treatment plant. The performance of the plant was evaluated for its compliance with the standard set by the DWS. The water quality parameters tested include: Ammonia (NH3), Nitrate (NO3-), Phosphate (PO4-3), Chemical Oxygen Demands (COD), Turbidity (T) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The result indicates that the concentration of most of the considered parameters (TSS, NH4, COD, PO4-3) are above the permissible limit set by DWS throughout the year, except Nitrate. The operating flowrate is below the design capacity (1.8 m3/s) throughout the year, except September. Overall, the final effluent discharged to the stream do not comply with the standard set by DWS. Thus, measures for the improvement of the treatment plants’ performance are highly recommended. The increase of the hydraulic loading capacity and the use appropriate methods of treatment process such as biological nitrification-denitrification processes are suggested. The increase of retention time to 3 hrs and decrease of the screen openings to 12 mm are also highly recommended.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Negwamba, Thulani , Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Wastewater treatment , Performance , Quality standard
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/404679 , uj:33949 , Citation: Negwamba, T. & Dinka, M.O. 2019. Assessing the performance of Trichardt wastewater treatment plant (South Africa).
- Description: Abstract: The main task in treating the wastewater in South Africa is to reduce the pollutants (solids, organic matter, nutrients, and micro-organisms) to meet the standard requirements from Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). That means the discharged effluent should be without polluting the environment and posing safety risks. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the Trichardt Wastewater Treatment Plant (South Africa) and come up with recommendations for the improvement of the wastewater treatment plant. The performance of the plant was evaluated for its compliance with the standard set by the DWS. The water quality parameters tested include: Ammonia (NH3), Nitrate (NO3-), Phosphate (PO4-3), Chemical Oxygen Demands (COD), Turbidity (T) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The result indicates that the concentration of most of the considered parameters (TSS, NH4, COD, PO4-3) are above the permissible limit set by DWS throughout the year, except Nitrate. The operating flowrate is below the design capacity (1.8 m3/s) throughout the year, except September. Overall, the final effluent discharged to the stream do not comply with the standard set by DWS. Thus, measures for the improvement of the treatment plants’ performance are highly recommended. The increase of the hydraulic loading capacity and the use appropriate methods of treatment process such as biological nitrification-denitrification processes are suggested. The increase of retention time to 3 hrs and decrease of the screen openings to 12 mm are also highly recommended.
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Delineating the decadal expansion of Lake Basaka (Ethiopia) using various image interpretation techniques
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/381132 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237978 , uj:24392 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2017. Delineating the decadal expansion of Lake Basaka (Ethiopia) using various image interpretation techniques.
- Description: Abstract: Lake Basaka is expanding at a significant rate. Before the establishment of Matahara Sugar Plantation, the lake was like a small surface pond created during rainy season and used as grazing area. The lake expansion has certain negative consequences to the region. Thus, appropriate method of quantification of the Lake expansion is extremely important. In this particular study, the areal expansion of the Lake Basaka and sugarcane plantation was analysed. Four LandSat images (1973, 1986, 2000 and 2008) were taken for the cloud-free period and processed in ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS softwares. Three techniques were employed in the delineation of the areas of the lake and plantation: visual interpretation of FCC in GIS, enhancements and advanced classification in ERDAS Imagine. The study result shows that Lake Basaka expansion is very significant and the increment is geometric rather than linear. Overall, the finding indicates that visual image interpretation gives a fast and accurate indication of the Lake Basaka expansion compared to image enhancement and classification techniques.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2017
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/381132 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/237978 , uj:24392 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2017. Delineating the decadal expansion of Lake Basaka (Ethiopia) using various image interpretation techniques.
- Description: Abstract: Lake Basaka is expanding at a significant rate. Before the establishment of Matahara Sugar Plantation, the lake was like a small surface pond created during rainy season and used as grazing area. The lake expansion has certain negative consequences to the region. Thus, appropriate method of quantification of the Lake expansion is extremely important. In this particular study, the areal expansion of the Lake Basaka and sugarcane plantation was analysed. Four LandSat images (1973, 1986, 2000 and 2008) were taken for the cloud-free period and processed in ERDAS Imagine and ArcGIS softwares. Three techniques were employed in the delineation of the areas of the lake and plantation: visual interpretation of FCC in GIS, enhancements and advanced classification in ERDAS Imagine. The study result shows that Lake Basaka expansion is very significant and the increment is geometric rather than linear. Overall, the finding indicates that visual image interpretation gives a fast and accurate indication of the Lake Basaka expansion compared to image enhancement and classification techniques.
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Delineating the drainage structure and sources of groundwater flux for Lake Basaka, Central Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Basaka Lake , Hydrologic models , Groundwater fluxes
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/260032 , uj:27371 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2017. Delineating the drainage structure and sources of groundwater flux for Lake Basaka, Central Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia. Water, 9:1-19. doi:10.3390/w9120797
- Description: Abstract: As opposed to most of the other closed basin type rift valley lakes in Ethiopia, Lake Basaka is found to be expanding at an alarming rate. Different studies indicated that the expansion of the lake is challenging the socio-economics and environment of the region significantly. This study result and previous reports indicated that the lake’s expansion is mostly due to the increased groundwater (GW) flux to the lake. GW flux accounts for about 56% of the total inflow in recent periods (post 2000) and is found to be the dominant factor for the hydrodynamics and existence of the lake. The analysis of the drainage network for the area indicates the existence of a huge recharge area on the western and upstream side of the catchment. This catchment has no surface outlet; hence most of the incoming surface runoff recharges the GW system. The recharge area is the main source of GW flux to the lake. In addition to this, the likely sources/causes of GW flux to the lake could be: (i) an increase of GW recharge following the establishment of irrigation schemes in the region; (ii) subsurface inflow from far away due to rift system influence, and (iii) lake neotectonism. Overall, the lake’s expansion has damaging effect to the region, owing to its poor water quality; hence the identification of the real causes of GW flux and mitigation measures are very important for sustainable lake management. Therefore a comprehensive and detailed investigation of the parameters related to GW flux and the interaction of the lake with the GW system of the area is highly recommended.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Basaka Lake , Hydrologic models , Groundwater fluxes
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/260032 , uj:27371 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2017. Delineating the drainage structure and sources of groundwater flux for Lake Basaka, Central Rift Valley Region of Ethiopia. Water, 9:1-19. doi:10.3390/w9120797
- Description: Abstract: As opposed to most of the other closed basin type rift valley lakes in Ethiopia, Lake Basaka is found to be expanding at an alarming rate. Different studies indicated that the expansion of the lake is challenging the socio-economics and environment of the region significantly. This study result and previous reports indicated that the lake’s expansion is mostly due to the increased groundwater (GW) flux to the lake. GW flux accounts for about 56% of the total inflow in recent periods (post 2000) and is found to be the dominant factor for the hydrodynamics and existence of the lake. The analysis of the drainage network for the area indicates the existence of a huge recharge area on the western and upstream side of the catchment. This catchment has no surface outlet; hence most of the incoming surface runoff recharges the GW system. The recharge area is the main source of GW flux to the lake. In addition to this, the likely sources/causes of GW flux to the lake could be: (i) an increase of GW recharge following the establishment of irrigation schemes in the region; (ii) subsurface inflow from far away due to rift system influence, and (iii) lake neotectonism. Overall, the lake’s expansion has damaging effect to the region, owing to its poor water quality; hence the identification of the real causes of GW flux and mitigation measures are very important for sustainable lake management. Therefore a comprehensive and detailed investigation of the parameters related to GW flux and the interaction of the lake with the GW system of the area is highly recommended.
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Effect of land use-cover change on the regimes of surface runoff for Lake Basaka catchment (Ethiopia)
- Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Klik, Andreas
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Klik, Andreas
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Lake Basaka , Land cover , Matahara
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402861 , uj:33733 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. & Klik, A. 2019. Effect of land use-cover change on the regimes of surface runoff for Lake Basaka catchment (Ethiopia).
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Klik, Andreas
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Lake Basaka , Land cover , Matahara
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402861 , uj:33733 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. & Klik, A. 2019. Effect of land use-cover change on the regimes of surface runoff for Lake Basaka catchment (Ethiopia).
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract.
- Full Text:
Ejrh-d-14-00015: Hydrochemical characterization of various surface water and groundwater resources available in Matahara areas, Fantalle Woreda of Oromiya region
- Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Loiskandl, Willibald, Ndambuki, Julius Musyoka
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Loiskandl, Willibald , Ndambuki, Julius Musyoka
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chemical composition , Chemical indices , Lake Basaka
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/390172 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/92553 , uj:20241 , Citation: Dinka, M.O., Loiskandl, W. & Ndambuki, J.M. 2016. Ejrh-d-14-00015: Hydrochemical characterization of various surface water and groundwater resources available in Matahara areas, Fantalle Woreda of Oromiya region.
- Description: Abstract: The Matahara region is located in the East Showa zone of Oromiya regional state (Ethiopia). Matahra Sugar Estate and Lake Basaka (highly saline, alkaline and sodic lake) are situated within the flat plains of Matahara region. The area is vulnerable to the occurrences of various tectonic and volcanic activities due to its location in the upper most part of the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley region.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Loiskandl, Willibald , Ndambuki, Julius Musyoka
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Chemical composition , Chemical indices , Lake Basaka
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/390172 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/92553 , uj:20241 , Citation: Dinka, M.O., Loiskandl, W. & Ndambuki, J.M. 2016. Ejrh-d-14-00015: Hydrochemical characterization of various surface water and groundwater resources available in Matahara areas, Fantalle Woreda of Oromiya region.
- Description: Abstract: The Matahara region is located in the East Showa zone of Oromiya regional state (Ethiopia). Matahra Sugar Estate and Lake Basaka (highly saline, alkaline and sodic lake) are situated within the flat plains of Matahara region. The area is vulnerable to the occurrences of various tectonic and volcanic activities due to its location in the upper most part of the Main Ethiopian Rift Valley region.
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Evaluating the adequacy performances of sprinkler irrigation system at Finchaa sugarcane plantation, Eastern Wollega Zone (Ethiopia)
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Sprinkler irrigation - Ethiopia , Sugarcane industry - Ethiopia
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/217111 , uj:21599 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2016. Evaluating the adequacy performances of sprinkler irrigation system at Finchaa sugarcane plantation, Eastern Wollega Zone (Ethiopia).
- Description: Abstract: The success of sprinkler irrigation system largely depends on its actual performance at field condition. Although the uniformity of water application is the most important aspects in the sprinkler systems performance, adequacy better explains the performance of the system. In this study, the adequacy of irrigation performance was measured actually at field condition considering three operating hydrant pressures (4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 bars) and two sprinkler nozzle sizes (2.4 * 4.4 and 2.4 * 4.8 mm). The main objective of this study was to determine the level of current adequacy of irrigation performance in relation to the predicted performance during the design period. Three different adequacy performances (delivery, infiltration and storage) were determined from the measurements of the two important basic sprinkler performance parameters: discharge and uniformity. The study result indicates excess irrigation water application more than the crop net irrigation requirement and soil moisture deficit, especially for the 2.4 * 4.8 mm nozzles sprinkler at all pressure ranges considered. Inline to this, tremendous losses in terms of deep percolation ( 40%) have been observed, the consequence of which is leaching of soluble nutrients, loss of valuable water resources, reduced crop yield and rise of groundwater table. The later one might lead to drainage problems, which requires construction of expensive drainage...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Sprinkler irrigation - Ethiopia , Sugarcane industry - Ethiopia
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/217111 , uj:21599 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2016. Evaluating the adequacy performances of sprinkler irrigation system at Finchaa sugarcane plantation, Eastern Wollega Zone (Ethiopia).
- Description: Abstract: The success of sprinkler irrigation system largely depends on its actual performance at field condition. Although the uniformity of water application is the most important aspects in the sprinkler systems performance, adequacy better explains the performance of the system. In this study, the adequacy of irrigation performance was measured actually at field condition considering three operating hydrant pressures (4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 bars) and two sprinkler nozzle sizes (2.4 * 4.4 and 2.4 * 4.8 mm). The main objective of this study was to determine the level of current adequacy of irrigation performance in relation to the predicted performance during the design period. Three different adequacy performances (delivery, infiltration and storage) were determined from the measurements of the two important basic sprinkler performance parameters: discharge and uniformity. The study result indicates excess irrigation water application more than the crop net irrigation requirement and soil moisture deficit, especially for the 2.4 * 4.8 mm nozzles sprinkler at all pressure ranges considered. Inline to this, tremendous losses in terms of deep percolation ( 40%) have been observed, the consequence of which is leaching of soluble nutrients, loss of valuable water resources, reduced crop yield and rise of groundwater table. The later one might lead to drainage problems, which requires construction of expensive drainage...
- Full Text:
Lake Basaka expansion : challenges for the sustainability of Matahara irrigation scheme, Awash River Basin (Ethiopia)†
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Basaka Lake , Groundwater , Landsat
- Language: English
- Type: Articles
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241805 , uj:24926 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2017. Lake Basaka expansion : challenges for the sustainability of Matahara irrigation scheme, Awash River Basin (Ethiopia)†.
- Description: Abstract: Matahara Sugar Estate (MSE), after nearly 60 years of irrigation, is experiencing effects of waterlogging and salinization in some fields. The problem is believed to be the result of the expansion of (saline and alkaline) Lake Basaka towards the plantation fields. The objective of this study was to determine the geometry of the lake (area and shape) in the past about a half century (1957-2015) from both Landsat images and local information and then assess its negative effects on MSE's soil and water quality. Monthly groundwater (GW) depth was monitored using piezometer tubes. Water and soil samples were collected from each of the piezometer location and analysed for important physico-chemical parameters. The results indicate that the lake expanded approximately 47.3 km2 in the past about a half century. The soil quality is found to be very poor in plantation sections with very shallow GW depth and severe salinity condition. The lake, as revealed by the results, is intruding into the groundwater system of MSE on the Abadir side. Assuming continuation of the past trends, the lake is expected to inundate parts of MSE in the next few years and hence, challenge the production and productivity of MSE significantly. The Lake has the potential to join Awash River, thereby impacting all downstream irrigation developments in the Basin and the livelihood of the people depending on the water resources. As the area is situated in the uppermost part of MER, other factors are expected to exacerbate its...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Basaka Lake , Groundwater , Landsat
- Language: English
- Type: Articles
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/241805 , uj:24926 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2017. Lake Basaka expansion : challenges for the sustainability of Matahara irrigation scheme, Awash River Basin (Ethiopia)†.
- Description: Abstract: Matahara Sugar Estate (MSE), after nearly 60 years of irrigation, is experiencing effects of waterlogging and salinization in some fields. The problem is believed to be the result of the expansion of (saline and alkaline) Lake Basaka towards the plantation fields. The objective of this study was to determine the geometry of the lake (area and shape) in the past about a half century (1957-2015) from both Landsat images and local information and then assess its negative effects on MSE's soil and water quality. Monthly groundwater (GW) depth was monitored using piezometer tubes. Water and soil samples were collected from each of the piezometer location and analysed for important physico-chemical parameters. The results indicate that the lake expanded approximately 47.3 km2 in the past about a half century. The soil quality is found to be very poor in plantation sections with very shallow GW depth and severe salinity condition. The lake, as revealed by the results, is intruding into the groundwater system of MSE on the Abadir side. Assuming continuation of the past trends, the lake is expected to inundate parts of MSE in the next few years and hence, challenge the production and productivity of MSE significantly. The Lake has the potential to join Awash River, thereby impacting all downstream irrigation developments in the Basin and the livelihood of the people depending on the water resources. As the area is situated in the uppermost part of MER, other factors are expected to exacerbate its...
- Full Text:
Quality composition and irrigation suitability of various surface water and groundwater sources at Matahara Plain
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93592 , uj:20366 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2016. Quality composition and irrigation suitability of various surface water and groundwater sources at Matahara Plain
- Description: Abstract: This study highlights the physico-chemical compositions of different water sources available at Matahara Plain and evaluates their suitability for irrigation purpose. Various surface- and ground-water samples were collected and then analysed for important major physic-chemical quality parameters (pH, EC, cations and anions) following standard procedures. Other chemical indices were derived from the measured quality parameters. The quality rating for each water type was evaluated against the recommended threshold level for irrigation. Each water sources were rated for irrigation suitability following standard FAO guidelines and others. Overall, the findings emphasize the need to avoid the use of poor quality water for irrigation. Keywords: groundwater, irrigation suitability, Lake Basaka, Matahara, quality parameters.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/93592 , uj:20366 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2016. Quality composition and irrigation suitability of various surface water and groundwater sources at Matahara Plain
- Description: Abstract: This study highlights the physico-chemical compositions of different water sources available at Matahara Plain and evaluates their suitability for irrigation purpose. Various surface- and ground-water samples were collected and then analysed for important major physic-chemical quality parameters (pH, EC, cations and anions) following standard procedures. Other chemical indices were derived from the measured quality parameters. The quality rating for each water type was evaluated against the recommended threshold level for irrigation. Each water sources were rated for irrigation suitability following standard FAO guidelines and others. Overall, the findings emphasize the need to avoid the use of poor quality water for irrigation. Keywords: groundwater, irrigation suitability, Lake Basaka, Matahara, quality parameters.
- Full Text:
Safe drinking water : concepts, benefits, principles and standards
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Accessibility , Inequalities
- Language: English
- Type: Book Chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/276252 , uj:29557 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2018. Safe drinking water : concepts, benefits, principles and standards.
- Description: Quality standards , Abstract: Water is connected to every forms of life on earth. As a criteria, an adequate, reliable, clean, accessible, acceptable and safe drinking water supply has to be available for various users. The United Nation (UN) and other countries declared access to safe drinking water as a fundamental human right, and an essential step towards improving living standards. Access to water was one of the main goal of Millinium Development Goals (UN-MDGs) and it is also one of the main goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The UN-SDG goal 6 states that “Water sustains life, but safe clean drinking water defines civilization”. Despite these facts, there are inequalities in access to safe drinking water in the world. In some countries, sufficient freshwater is not available (physical scarcity); while in other countries, abundant freshwater is available, but it is expensive to use (economic scarcity). The other challenge is the increasing population of the world at an alarming rate, while the available freshwater resources almost remains constant. This chapter presents aspects of safe drinking water - background information, definition of water safety and access, benefits, principles and regulations, factors challenging the sustainable water supply and water quality standards and parameters.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Accessibility , Inequalities
- Language: English
- Type: Book Chapter
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/276252 , uj:29557 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. 2018. Safe drinking water : concepts, benefits, principles and standards.
- Description: Quality standards , Abstract: Water is connected to every forms of life on earth. As a criteria, an adequate, reliable, clean, accessible, acceptable and safe drinking water supply has to be available for various users. The United Nation (UN) and other countries declared access to safe drinking water as a fundamental human right, and an essential step towards improving living standards. Access to water was one of the main goal of Millinium Development Goals (UN-MDGs) and it is also one of the main goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The UN-SDG goal 6 states that “Water sustains life, but safe clean drinking water defines civilization”. Despite these facts, there are inequalities in access to safe drinking water in the world. In some countries, sufficient freshwater is not available (physical scarcity); while in other countries, abundant freshwater is available, but it is expensive to use (economic scarcity). The other challenge is the increasing population of the world at an alarming rate, while the available freshwater resources almost remains constant. This chapter presents aspects of safe drinking water - background information, definition of water safety and access, benefits, principles and regulations, factors challenging the sustainable water supply and water quality standards and parameters.
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Seasonal behaviour and spatial fluctuations of groundwater levels in long-term irrigated agriculture : the case of Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (Ethiopia)
- Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Loiskandl, Julius Musyoka, Ndambuki, Julius Musyoka
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Loiskandl, Julius Musyoka , Ndambuki, Julius Musyoka
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Groundwater monitoring , Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (Ethiopia)
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5240 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14718
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Loiskandl, Julius Musyoka , Ndambuki, Julius Musyoka
- Date: 2013
- Subjects: Groundwater monitoring , Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (Ethiopia)
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5240 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14718
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
Spatial variability and dynamics of soil pH, soil organic carbon and matter content : the case of the Wonji Shoa sugarcane plantation
- Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Dinka, Meseret
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Dinka, Meseret
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Irrigation , Organic carbon , Organic matter content
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402911 , uj:33739 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. & Dinka, M. 2019. Spatial variability and dynamics of soil pH, soil organic carbon and matter content : the case of the Wonji Shoa sugarcane plantation.
- Description: Abstract: This study presents the spatial variability and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH contents at the Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected immediately after the sugarcane was harvested and then analysed for SOC, SOM and pH content using standard procedures. The analysis results showed that the pH value varied between 6.7–8.4 (neutral to moderately alkaline) and 7.3–8.5 (neutral to strongly alkaline) for the top and bottom soil profiles, respectively. The SOM content is in the range of 1.1–6.7% and 0.74–3.3% for the upper and lower soil layers, respectively. Nearly 45% of the samples demonstrated a SOM content below the desirable threshold (<2.1%) in the bottom layer and, hence, inadequate. Moreover, most of the topsoil layer (95%) has an SOM content exceeding the desirable limit and hence is categorized within the normal range. Interestingly, the SOC content showed a spatial variability in both the surface and sub-surface soil layers. A lower SOC and SOM content was found for the sub-soil in the south and southwestern part of the plantation. A further decline in the SOC and SOM content may face the estate if the current waterlogging condition continues in the future for a long period. Overall, the study result emphasizes the need to minimize the pre-harvest burning of sugarcane and action is needed to change the irrigation method to green harvesting to facilitate the SOC retention in the soil and minimize the greenhouse emission effect on the environment, hence improving soil quality in the long-term.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Dinka, Meseret
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Irrigation , Organic carbon , Organic matter content
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/402911 , uj:33739 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. & Dinka, M. 2019. Spatial variability and dynamics of soil pH, soil organic carbon and matter content : the case of the Wonji Shoa sugarcane plantation.
- Description: Abstract: This study presents the spatial variability and dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM) and soil pH contents at the Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE), Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected immediately after the sugarcane was harvested and then analysed for SOC, SOM and pH content using standard procedures. The analysis results showed that the pH value varied between 6.7–8.4 (neutral to moderately alkaline) and 7.3–8.5 (neutral to strongly alkaline) for the top and bottom soil profiles, respectively. The SOM content is in the range of 1.1–6.7% and 0.74–3.3% for the upper and lower soil layers, respectively. Nearly 45% of the samples demonstrated a SOM content below the desirable threshold (<2.1%) in the bottom layer and, hence, inadequate. Moreover, most of the topsoil layer (95%) has an SOM content exceeding the desirable limit and hence is categorized within the normal range. Interestingly, the SOC content showed a spatial variability in both the surface and sub-surface soil layers. A lower SOC and SOM content was found for the sub-soil in the south and southwestern part of the plantation. A further decline in the SOC and SOM content may face the estate if the current waterlogging condition continues in the future for a long period. Overall, the study result emphasizes the need to minimize the pre-harvest burning of sugarcane and action is needed to change the irrigation method to green harvesting to facilitate the SOC retention in the soil and minimize the greenhouse emission effect on the environment, hence improving soil quality in the long-term.
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Suitability of shallow groundwater for irrigation purpose : The case of Wonji Shoa sugar estate (Ethiopia)
- Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Tadesse, Kassahun Birhanu
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Tadesse, Kassahun Birhanu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: infiltration , salinity , sodicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/404671 , uj:33948 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. & Tadesse, K.B. 2019. Suitability of shallow groundwater for irrigation purpose : The case of Wonji Shoa sugar estate (Ethiopia).
- Description: Abstract: This study evaluated the possibility of conjunctive use (CU) of shallow ground water (SGW) and surface water for irrigation use at Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE)(Ethiopia). Irrigation suitability was investigated by taking 46 SGW samples from piezometers and hand-dug wells. Many physicochemical parameters (Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, K+, CO3-, SO42-, HCO3-, Cl-, TH, EC, TDS and pH) and other indices (MAR (magnesium adsorption ratio), SSP (soluble sodium percentage), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), RSC (residual sodium carbonate), KR (Kelly’s ratio) and permeability index (PI)) were analyzed following standard procedures. The salinity and infiltration problems of SGW were found to be none to moderate with none chloride and boron ion toxicity. The sodium ion toxicity problems are slight to moderate. The SGW is generally categorized under C3S1 (high salinity and low sodium hazard). However, a high value of SSP and RSC indicate a high possibility of occurrence of infiltration problem when using the SGW. Hence, the CU of SGW and surface water must be practiced to minimize the potential problems of infiltration, salinization and their associated problems on soil and sugarcane productivity. Therefore, during CU planning, the optimum irrigation scheduling that considers the in situ use of groundwater table must be practiced.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Tadesse, Kassahun Birhanu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: infiltration , salinity , sodicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/404671 , uj:33948 , Citation: Dinka, M.O. & Tadesse, K.B. 2019. Suitability of shallow groundwater for irrigation purpose : The case of Wonji Shoa sugar estate (Ethiopia).
- Description: Abstract: This study evaluated the possibility of conjunctive use (CU) of shallow ground water (SGW) and surface water for irrigation use at Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE)(Ethiopia). Irrigation suitability was investigated by taking 46 SGW samples from piezometers and hand-dug wells. Many physicochemical parameters (Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, K+, CO3-, SO42-, HCO3-, Cl-, TH, EC, TDS and pH) and other indices (MAR (magnesium adsorption ratio), SSP (soluble sodium percentage), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), RSC (residual sodium carbonate), KR (Kelly’s ratio) and permeability index (PI)) were analyzed following standard procedures. The salinity and infiltration problems of SGW were found to be none to moderate with none chloride and boron ion toxicity. The sodium ion toxicity problems are slight to moderate. The SGW is generally categorized under C3S1 (high salinity and low sodium hazard). However, a high value of SSP and RSC indicate a high possibility of occurrence of infiltration problem when using the SGW. Hence, the CU of SGW and surface water must be practiced to minimize the potential problems of infiltration, salinization and their associated problems on soil and sugarcane productivity. Therefore, during CU planning, the optimum irrigation scheduling that considers the in situ use of groundwater table must be practiced.
- Full Text:
Suitability of shallow groundwater for irrigation purpose: the case of Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (Ethiopia)
- Dinka, Megersa Olumana, Tadesse, Kassahun Birhanu
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Tadesse, Kassahun Birhanu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Infiltration , Salinity , Sodicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/406998 , uj:34241 , Citation: Dinka, M.O., Tadesse, K.B. 2019 : Suitability of shallow groundwater for irrigation purpose: the case of Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (Ethiopia).
- Description: Abstract : This study evaluated the possibility of conjunctive use (CU) of shallow ground water (SGW) and surface water for irrigation use at Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE)(Ethiopia). Irrigation suitability was investigated by taking 46 SGW samples from piezometers and hand-dug wells. Many physicochemical parameters (Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, K+, CO3 -, SO42-, HCO3 -, Cl-, TH, EC, TDS and pH) and other indices (MAR (magnesium adsorption ratio), SSP (soluble sodium percentage), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), RSC (residual sodium carbonate), KR (Kelly’s ratio) and permeability index (PI)) were analyzed following standard procedures. The salinity and infiltration problems of SGW were found to be none to moderate with none chloride and boron ion toxicity. The sodium ion toxicity problems are slight to moderate. The SGW is generally categorized under C3S1 (high salinity and low sodium hazard). However, a high value of SSP and RSC indicate a high possibility of occurrence of infiltration problem when using the SGW. Hence, the CU of SGW and surface water must be practiced to minimize the potential problems of infiltration, salinization and their associated problems on soil and sugarcane productivity. Therefore, during CU planning, the optimum irrigation scheduling that considers the in situ use of groundwater table must be practiced.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dinka, Megersa Olumana , Tadesse, Kassahun Birhanu
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Infiltration , Salinity , Sodicity
- Language: English
- Type: Article
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/406998 , uj:34241 , Citation: Dinka, M.O., Tadesse, K.B. 2019 : Suitability of shallow groundwater for irrigation purpose: the case of Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (Ethiopia).
- Description: Abstract : This study evaluated the possibility of conjunctive use (CU) of shallow ground water (SGW) and surface water for irrigation use at Wonji Shoa Sugar Estate (WSSE)(Ethiopia). Irrigation suitability was investigated by taking 46 SGW samples from piezometers and hand-dug wells. Many physicochemical parameters (Mg2+, Na+, Ca2+, K+, CO3 -, SO42-, HCO3 -, Cl-, TH, EC, TDS and pH) and other indices (MAR (magnesium adsorption ratio), SSP (soluble sodium percentage), SAR (sodium absorption ratio), RSC (residual sodium carbonate), KR (Kelly’s ratio) and permeability index (PI)) were analyzed following standard procedures. The salinity and infiltration problems of SGW were found to be none to moderate with none chloride and boron ion toxicity. The sodium ion toxicity problems are slight to moderate. The SGW is generally categorized under C3S1 (high salinity and low sodium hazard). However, a high value of SSP and RSC indicate a high possibility of occurrence of infiltration problem when using the SGW. Hence, the CU of SGW and surface water must be practiced to minimize the potential problems of infiltration, salinization and their associated problems on soil and sugarcane productivity. Therefore, during CU planning, the optimum irrigation scheduling that considers the in situ use of groundwater table must be practiced.
- Full Text:
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