A refined baseline methodology for large scale lighting retrofit projects
- Mvudi, Y., Chan Wing, S.N., Pretorius, J.H.C., Beya, M.M., Ndlovu, S.M.
- Authors: Mvudi, Y. , Chan Wing, S.N. , Pretorius, J.H.C. , Beya, M.M. , Ndlovu, S.M.
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceeding
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/92067 , uj:20181 , Citation: Mvudi, Y. et al. 2016. A refined baseline methodology for large scale lighting retrofit projects.
- Description: Abstract: The residential sector is one of the major consumers of energy produced in the world. According to International Energy Balances (IEA, 2013), the residential sector demand represents about a quarter of the primary energy used in the world. Therefore, most energy efficiency programmes targeting large savings on a national or regional level pay particular attention to the opportunities in the residential sector. Lighting retrofitting on a large number of sites constitutes one of the most used strategies of energy conservation in the residential sector. However, given the large number of sites involved in this type of project, conventional measurement and verification (M&V) techniques based on the audit of each site, are not cost effective. Often, a statistical assessment approach based on the audit of a limited number of sites is the methodology used to mitigate the cost and the logistical challenges associated with the project. The major challenge in projects of this nature is to accurately estimate the energy consumption of a large number of sites using the measurement performed on a sample of sites selected from the overall population. In this research, baseline methodologies used in a selected number of light retrofitting projects have been analysed and, based on the observations made during this analysis, some improvements are suggested. The proposed methodology has been tested on a number of residences located on the premises of the University of Johannesburg. This paper describes the existing baseline methodologies and presents the improvements suggested to enhance the credibility of M&V results. The key results of the experimental phase of this project are also presented in this paper.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mvudi, Y. , Chan Wing, S.N. , Pretorius, J.H.C. , Beya, M.M. , Ndlovu, S.M.
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceeding
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/92067 , uj:20181 , Citation: Mvudi, Y. et al. 2016. A refined baseline methodology for large scale lighting retrofit projects.
- Description: Abstract: The residential sector is one of the major consumers of energy produced in the world. According to International Energy Balances (IEA, 2013), the residential sector demand represents about a quarter of the primary energy used in the world. Therefore, most energy efficiency programmes targeting large savings on a national or regional level pay particular attention to the opportunities in the residential sector. Lighting retrofitting on a large number of sites constitutes one of the most used strategies of energy conservation in the residential sector. However, given the large number of sites involved in this type of project, conventional measurement and verification (M&V) techniques based on the audit of each site, are not cost effective. Often, a statistical assessment approach based on the audit of a limited number of sites is the methodology used to mitigate the cost and the logistical challenges associated with the project. The major challenge in projects of this nature is to accurately estimate the energy consumption of a large number of sites using the measurement performed on a sample of sites selected from the overall population. In this research, baseline methodologies used in a selected number of light retrofitting projects have been analysed and, based on the observations made during this analysis, some improvements are suggested. The proposed methodology has been tested on a number of residences located on the premises of the University of Johannesburg. This paper describes the existing baseline methodologies and presents the improvements suggested to enhance the credibility of M&V results. The key results of the experimental phase of this project are also presented in this paper.
- Full Text:
Residential solar water heating - measurement and verification case studies
- Chan Wing, S.N., De Canha, D., Pretorius, J.H.C.
- Authors: Chan Wing, S.N. , De Canha, D. , Pretorius, J.H.C.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Solar irradiation , SWHs across country , IPMVP
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceeding
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/92075 , uj:20182 , Citation: Chan Wing, S.N., De Canha, D. & Pretorius, J.H.C. 2016. Residential solar water heating - measurement and verification case studies.
- Description: Abstract: South Africa is currently experiencing an electricity crisis. This, combined with the high levels of solar irradiation as well as the power utility’s need to reduce the country’s peak demand through DSM (Demand Side Management), has promoted the installation of solar water heaters (SWHs) in homes across the country. This paper presents three case studies which were M&V’d according to the IPMVP (International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol). The methodology used does not require baseline measurements since the baseline is calculated from continuous measurements of thermal energy delivered by the newly installed SWHs and estimation of standing losses of the replaced electric water heater (EWH). This allows the homeowner to go ahead with the installation of the SWH without waiting for M&V to establish a baseline for the EWH which is being replaced. This method is preferred by homeowners and the DSM utility alike, since the installation of the SWH is not delayed by M&V. A measurement system including an electric power meter, inlet and outlet water temperature probes, ambient temperature probe, flow meter and GSM modem were developed to measure the service level and performance of the SWH. This measurement system along with a method for modelling the usage of an EWH are crucial to the M&V methodology employed. This paper describes the type of systems investigated, the M&V metering, M&V methodology, and the payback period of each system. The sensitivity of the savings with respect to EWH standing losses is investigated. This case study provides valuable information for those interested in studying or performing M&V on SWHs.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chan Wing, S.N. , De Canha, D. , Pretorius, J.H.C.
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Solar irradiation , SWHs across country , IPMVP
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceeding
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/92075 , uj:20182 , Citation: Chan Wing, S.N., De Canha, D. & Pretorius, J.H.C. 2016. Residential solar water heating - measurement and verification case studies.
- Description: Abstract: South Africa is currently experiencing an electricity crisis. This, combined with the high levels of solar irradiation as well as the power utility’s need to reduce the country’s peak demand through DSM (Demand Side Management), has promoted the installation of solar water heaters (SWHs) in homes across the country. This paper presents three case studies which were M&V’d according to the IPMVP (International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol). The methodology used does not require baseline measurements since the baseline is calculated from continuous measurements of thermal energy delivered by the newly installed SWHs and estimation of standing losses of the replaced electric water heater (EWH). This allows the homeowner to go ahead with the installation of the SWH without waiting for M&V to establish a baseline for the EWH which is being replaced. This method is preferred by homeowners and the DSM utility alike, since the installation of the SWH is not delayed by M&V. A measurement system including an electric power meter, inlet and outlet water temperature probes, ambient temperature probe, flow meter and GSM modem were developed to measure the service level and performance of the SWH. This measurement system along with a method for modelling the usage of an EWH are crucial to the M&V methodology employed. This paper describes the type of systems investigated, the M&V metering, M&V methodology, and the payback period of each system. The sensitivity of the savings with respect to EWH standing losses is investigated. This case study provides valuable information for those interested in studying or performing M&V on SWHs.
- Full Text:
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