A preliminary comparison between the heterogeneous protocols and the water boiling test
- Makonese, Tafadzwa, Robinson, James, Pemberton-Pigott, Crispin, Annegarn, Harold
- Authors: Makonese, Tafadzwa , Robinson, James , Pemberton-Pigott, Crispin , Annegarn, Harold
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Domestic stoves , Water boiling test , Heterogeneous testing protocol , Thermal performance , Emissions
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8188
- Description: Due to the need for the certification of stoves under both Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and voluntary market projects, there is now a strong drive to create testing protocols and standard operating procedures that simulate the real-world use of stoves. Given the current importance of stove performance tests as a basis for emissions inventories for global climate prediction models, improvements in performance testing are critical to derive representative estimates. This reinforces the need for robust testing protocols that can be used to create performance curves for the inter-comparison of a variety of fuel/stove/task combinations when applied to diverse cooking and space heating needs. Currently stove emission factors are derived from variants of either a Water Boiling Test (WBT) or a Controlled Cooking Test (CCT), in spite of well-documented problems associated with use of these methods. This paper aims to present both a conceptual and preliminary experimental comparison of stove testing methods between the standard WBT and the SeTAR Centre’s Heterogeneous Stove Testing Protocol (HTP) for thermal and emissions performance, using an ethanol gel stove. Recommendations will be drawn from the results and will have practical relevance for stove project managers and certification bodies to develop a set of criteria for improving existing testing protocols; and for stove developers in guiding improvements in existing stoves and the development of new designs.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Makonese, Tafadzwa , Robinson, James , Pemberton-Pigott, Crispin , Annegarn, Harold
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Domestic stoves , Water boiling test , Heterogeneous testing protocol , Thermal performance , Emissions
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6244 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8188
- Description: Due to the need for the certification of stoves under both Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and voluntary market projects, there is now a strong drive to create testing protocols and standard operating procedures that simulate the real-world use of stoves. Given the current importance of stove performance tests as a basis for emissions inventories for global climate prediction models, improvements in performance testing are critical to derive representative estimates. This reinforces the need for robust testing protocols that can be used to create performance curves for the inter-comparison of a variety of fuel/stove/task combinations when applied to diverse cooking and space heating needs. Currently stove emission factors are derived from variants of either a Water Boiling Test (WBT) or a Controlled Cooking Test (CCT), in spite of well-documented problems associated with use of these methods. This paper aims to present both a conceptual and preliminary experimental comparison of stove testing methods between the standard WBT and the SeTAR Centre’s Heterogeneous Stove Testing Protocol (HTP) for thermal and emissions performance, using an ethanol gel stove. Recommendations will be drawn from the results and will have practical relevance for stove project managers and certification bodies to develop a set of criteria for improving existing testing protocols; and for stove developers in guiding improvements in existing stoves and the development of new designs.
- Full Text:
Evaluating land cover change and its impact on hydrological regime in Upper Shire River Catchment, Malawi
- Palamuleni, Lobina, Ndomba, Prediskas M., Annegarn, Harold
- Authors: Palamuleni, Lobina , Ndomba, Prediskas M. , Annegarn, Harold
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Hydrological regimes , Land cover change , Upper Shire River Catchment (Malawi) , Land use , Water catchment management
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5835 , ISSN 1436-378X , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7865
- Description: A study was conducted to investigate hydrological impacts of land cover changes in the degradation of the hydrological on flow regimes of the Upper Shire river, Malawi. Remote sensing techniques were used to inventory temporal changes of land cover changes in the catchment. Hydrological data were analyzed to reveal the alterations ecosystems, and water resources for an informed decision on proper catchment planning and management and trends for two periods; 1989 and 2002. The study revealed significant changes in magnitude and direction that have occurred in the catchment between 1989 and 2002, mainly in areas of human habitation. Trends in land cover change in the Upper Shire river catchment depict land cover transition from woodlands to mostly cultivated/ grazing and built-up areas. The land cover mapping showed that 23% of the land was covered by agricultural land in 1989. Subsistence agricultural area has increased by 18%, occupying 41% of the study area in 2002. The effects of the derived land cover changes on river flow in the Upper Shire river were investigated using the semi distributed soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. River flows were found to be highly variable and sensitive to land cover changes. Simulation results show that 2002 land cover data produces higher flow peaks and faster travel times compared to the 1989 land cover data. The changes detected indicate the effects of land use pressure in the catchment. The study highlights the importance of considering effects of land use and land cover changes on ecosystems, and water resources for an informed decision on proper catchment planning and management.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Palamuleni, Lobina , Ndomba, Prediskas M. , Annegarn, Harold
- Date: 2011
- Subjects: Hydrological regimes , Land cover change , Upper Shire River Catchment (Malawi) , Land use , Water catchment management
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:5835 , ISSN 1436-378X , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/7865
- Description: A study was conducted to investigate hydrological impacts of land cover changes in the degradation of the hydrological on flow regimes of the Upper Shire river, Malawi. Remote sensing techniques were used to inventory temporal changes of land cover changes in the catchment. Hydrological data were analyzed to reveal the alterations ecosystems, and water resources for an informed decision on proper catchment planning and management and trends for two periods; 1989 and 2002. The study revealed significant changes in magnitude and direction that have occurred in the catchment between 1989 and 2002, mainly in areas of human habitation. Trends in land cover change in the Upper Shire river catchment depict land cover transition from woodlands to mostly cultivated/ grazing and built-up areas. The land cover mapping showed that 23% of the land was covered by agricultural land in 1989. Subsistence agricultural area has increased by 18%, occupying 41% of the study area in 2002. The effects of the derived land cover changes on river flow in the Upper Shire river were investigated using the semi distributed soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model. River flows were found to be highly variable and sensitive to land cover changes. Simulation results show that 2002 land cover data produces higher flow peaks and faster travel times compared to the 1989 land cover data. The changes detected indicate the effects of land use pressure in the catchment. The study highlights the importance of considering effects of land use and land cover changes on ecosystems, and water resources for an informed decision on proper catchment planning and management.
- Full Text:
Potential of bio-fuel geysers : characterisation and performance evaluation of the Shiza Manzi bio-fuel geyser
- Makonese, Tafadzwa, Robinson, James, Molapo, Vincent, Annegarn, Harold
- Authors: Makonese, Tafadzwa , Robinson, James , Molapo, Vincent , Annegarn, Harold
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Bio-fuels , Hot water geysers , Shiza Manzi bio-fuel geyser
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6021 , ISBN 978-981431-7-8 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10039
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
- Authors: Makonese, Tafadzwa , Robinson, James , Molapo, Vincent , Annegarn, Harold
- Date: 2012
- Subjects: Bio-fuels , Hot water geysers , Shiza Manzi bio-fuel geyser
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:6021 , ISBN 978-981431-7-8 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10039
- Description: Please refer to full text to view abstract
- Full Text:
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