Pursuing rural development whilst maintaining ruralism : a case study of Qunu (Empa), Eastern Cape South Africa and Tsholotsho (Hwange, National Park), Zimbabwe
- Authors: Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Rural development - South Africa - Eastern Cape , Rural development - Zimbabwe - Hwange National Park)
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/218272 , uj:21753 , Citation: Sitinga, S.B. 2017. Pursuing rural development whilst maintaining ruralism : a case study of Qunu (Empa), Eastern Cape South Africa and Tsholotsho (Hwange, National Park), Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Robert Chambers pointed the world to the injustice of the urban bias. Investments, education, socio-economic prosperity, are all associated with the city, thus leaving the rural as a passive participant or factor in the economies of nations. Development theory has also neglected the question of rural development, with the assumption that for development to be achieved within rural settlements, they must be modernised and urbanised. Overall, Third World Nations have had to live up to the expectations of modernisation, with this being undertaken under pressure to catch up with the “modernised” world. Countries such as South Africa and Zimbabwe have adopted development policies that promote development in the sense of modernisation, as opposed to development in a holistic manner. Thus, for such countries rural development has been limited to attempting to urbanise rural settlements. This paper looks at the association of development with modernisation and urbanism, whilst alternatives rural development models remain insignificantly explored. Ultimately, the paper aims to propose a harmonious rural development model that recognises the unique and specific needs of rural populations and economies, without compromising the rurality of such settlements.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Rural development - South Africa - Eastern Cape , Rural development - Zimbabwe - Hwange National Park)
- Language: English
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/218272 , uj:21753 , Citation: Sitinga, S.B. 2017. Pursuing rural development whilst maintaining ruralism : a case study of Qunu (Empa), Eastern Cape South Africa and Tsholotsho (Hwange, National Park), Zimbabwe.
- Description: Abstract: Robert Chambers pointed the world to the injustice of the urban bias. Investments, education, socio-economic prosperity, are all associated with the city, thus leaving the rural as a passive participant or factor in the economies of nations. Development theory has also neglected the question of rural development, with the assumption that for development to be achieved within rural settlements, they must be modernised and urbanised. Overall, Third World Nations have had to live up to the expectations of modernisation, with this being undertaken under pressure to catch up with the “modernised” world. Countries such as South Africa and Zimbabwe have adopted development policies that promote development in the sense of modernisation, as opposed to development in a holistic manner. Thus, for such countries rural development has been limited to attempting to urbanise rural settlements. This paper looks at the association of development with modernisation and urbanism, whilst alternatives rural development models remain insignificantly explored. Ultimately, the paper aims to propose a harmonious rural development model that recognises the unique and specific needs of rural populations and economies, without compromising the rurality of such settlements.
- Full Text:
Pursuing rural development whilst maintaining ruralism : a comparative study of Qunu (Empa), Eastern Cape, South Africa and Tsholotsho (Hwange National Park), Zimbabwe
- Authors: Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/233180 , uj:23801
- Description: M.Tech. (Operations Management) , Abstract: The concept of development has, over the years, been narrowed down to the idea of massive urbanisation and commercialisation of spaces. This may be the result of the history of development having occurred through modernization. Willis (2011:2) states that for many people, ideas of development are linked to modernity. Modernization can be seen as the general mechanism by which social transformation from agricultural dominance to domination by trade and industry takes place, including the permanent continuation of this process. (Charlton & Andras, 2003:5). This is when the traditional sense and function of society is taken over by massive industrialisation, hence society abandoning traditional and primary activities of society. As seen in the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century in Europe, the abandonment of traditional, rural society led to this industrialization (and thus modernization) seen as the optimal form of socio-economic development and prosperity. The less developed countries such as those in Africa and Asia, which industrialised a little later than Europe, wanted to follow suit. In the 1950s, industrialization was seen as key to progress for the under-developed countries (Chambers, 1997:16). “They (the civil servants) want to modernise fast; they rightly observe that rich nations are non-agricultural and that their own agriculture is poor, and they wrongly conclude that rapid industrialization at the expense of agriculture can produce rapid development. They want to avoid rural administration, believing that it is more difficult to plan for thousands of small farms than for a few big urban firms, and that planning has little scope for changing rural life” (Lipton, 1978: 65). This has not only resulted in commercialisation of rural spaces and settlements, but also in great rural depopulation and rural urban migration rates. This is because development and innovation has now been centralized and concentrated within non-rural settings where people found better living conditions, with economic opportunities, employment, and access to better housing. In his book, Chambers (1983: 4) notes the extreme differences in rural livelihoods to those of urban livelihoods. He deems this...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa
- Date: 2016
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/233180 , uj:23801
- Description: M.Tech. (Operations Management) , Abstract: The concept of development has, over the years, been narrowed down to the idea of massive urbanisation and commercialisation of spaces. This may be the result of the history of development having occurred through modernization. Willis (2011:2) states that for many people, ideas of development are linked to modernity. Modernization can be seen as the general mechanism by which social transformation from agricultural dominance to domination by trade and industry takes place, including the permanent continuation of this process. (Charlton & Andras, 2003:5). This is when the traditional sense and function of society is taken over by massive industrialisation, hence society abandoning traditional and primary activities of society. As seen in the industrial revolution of the eighteenth century in Europe, the abandonment of traditional, rural society led to this industrialization (and thus modernization) seen as the optimal form of socio-economic development and prosperity. The less developed countries such as those in Africa and Asia, which industrialised a little later than Europe, wanted to follow suit. In the 1950s, industrialization was seen as key to progress for the under-developed countries (Chambers, 1997:16). “They (the civil servants) want to modernise fast; they rightly observe that rich nations are non-agricultural and that their own agriculture is poor, and they wrongly conclude that rapid industrialization at the expense of agriculture can produce rapid development. They want to avoid rural administration, believing that it is more difficult to plan for thousands of small farms than for a few big urban firms, and that planning has little scope for changing rural life” (Lipton, 1978: 65). This has not only resulted in commercialisation of rural spaces and settlements, but also in great rural depopulation and rural urban migration rates. This is because development and innovation has now been centralized and concentrated within non-rural settings where people found better living conditions, with economic opportunities, employment, and access to better housing. In his book, Chambers (1983: 4) notes the extreme differences in rural livelihoods to those of urban livelihoods. He deems this...
- Full Text:
Place making in tourism-led local economic development (LED) : a case study of Coffee Bay, Wild Coast, Eastern Cape province, South Africa
- Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa, Ogra, Aurobindo
- Authors: Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa , Ogra, Aurobindo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Coastal Tourism , Community development , Community engagement , Sustainable development , Tourism - South Africa - Coffee Bay , Local Economic Development
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4938 , ISSN 978-0-86970-781-4 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13038
- Description: On the East Coast of South Africa, on the warm waters of the Indian Ocean, lie the shores of Coffee Bay town. This small predominantly rural beach town beams with multitude of tourism potential. The town prides itself for its magnificent beach, hotels, and tourism activities like: horse riding, hiking and boasts of other tourism facilities and attractions. Besides tourism potential this small town faces number of challenges. The majority of the town’s economically active population is illiterate, unemployed and lives under the poverty line. The town on its own is a pot of gold; however, the community needs to be more involved in the decision making for developments within the town, as well as encouraging of pride of citizenship. This would ensure maximum benefit for residents, in terms of economic growth, access to opportunities, betterment of livelihoods, etc. In the pursuit of Tourism-led Local Economic Development (LED) oriented growth in Coffee Bay, the place making determinants becomes central in order to address the number of challenges faced by the local communities. Place making determinants and processes applicable to the area entails optimal use of resources that are unique to an area, for the economic (increased investment in the area, rise in tourists coming in, improved environments for fishing, establishment of a fully functional and beneficial fishing industry), social (improved well-being of local residents), community (infrastructure and livelihood within the town) and otherwise benefits. The paper discusses the place based tourism-led approaches in the context of rural communities and highlights the key determinants of place making process in a rural centric tourism-led local economic development. The research is based on mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative) and brings out the discussion on: essence, self-sufficiency, sustainability and inclusion of communities based on locally available assets, potential and resources.
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sitinga, Sinovuyo Babalwa , Ogra, Aurobindo
- Date: 2014
- Subjects: Coastal Tourism , Community development , Community engagement , Sustainable development , Tourism - South Africa - Coffee Bay , Local Economic Development
- Type: Article
- Identifier: uj:4938 , ISSN 978-0-86970-781-4 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13038
- Description: On the East Coast of South Africa, on the warm waters of the Indian Ocean, lie the shores of Coffee Bay town. This small predominantly rural beach town beams with multitude of tourism potential. The town prides itself for its magnificent beach, hotels, and tourism activities like: horse riding, hiking and boasts of other tourism facilities and attractions. Besides tourism potential this small town faces number of challenges. The majority of the town’s economically active population is illiterate, unemployed and lives under the poverty line. The town on its own is a pot of gold; however, the community needs to be more involved in the decision making for developments within the town, as well as encouraging of pride of citizenship. This would ensure maximum benefit for residents, in terms of economic growth, access to opportunities, betterment of livelihoods, etc. In the pursuit of Tourism-led Local Economic Development (LED) oriented growth in Coffee Bay, the place making determinants becomes central in order to address the number of challenges faced by the local communities. Place making determinants and processes applicable to the area entails optimal use of resources that are unique to an area, for the economic (increased investment in the area, rise in tourists coming in, improved environments for fishing, establishment of a fully functional and beneficial fishing industry), social (improved well-being of local residents), community (infrastructure and livelihood within the town) and otherwise benefits. The paper discusses the place based tourism-led approaches in the context of rural communities and highlights the key determinants of place making process in a rural centric tourism-led local economic development. The research is based on mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative) and brings out the discussion on: essence, self-sufficiency, sustainability and inclusion of communities based on locally available assets, potential and resources.
- Full Text:
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