Laser induced differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells to functional fibroblasts and chondrocytes of the temporomandibular joint disc – an in vitro study
- Authors: Karic, Vesna
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/476102 , uj:42973
- Description: Abstract: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are defined as a group of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its musculature (Durham and Wassel, 2011). The treatment of degenerative changes in TMJ disc and TMD is challenging with no permanent solution. The population of fibroblasts and chondrocytes in TMJ disc has provided a hope to treat this disorder using modern techniques (Mäenpää et al., 2010). Photobiomodulation and stem cell therapy have emerged as novel treatments for TMD and degenerative changes of the TMJ disc (Zhu Xu et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2015). ADSCs have been proven to have the capacity to differentiate into many cell types and tissues (Mazini 2019). Research has shown that photobiomodulation increases stem cell proliferation (Mvula et al., 2010; Mvula and Abrahamse, 2014). Stem cell therapy has been used in an attempt to replace degenerative TMJ disc cells (Zhang et al., 2015). However, despite significant improvements in the search for new treatments to improve TMDs, conclusive evidence of possible treatment regimes for degeneration of the TMJ disc remains to be discovered... , D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Karic, Vesna
- Date: 2021
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/476102 , uj:42973
- Description: Abstract: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are defined as a group of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its musculature (Durham and Wassel, 2011). The treatment of degenerative changes in TMJ disc and TMD is challenging with no permanent solution. The population of fibroblasts and chondrocytes in TMJ disc has provided a hope to treat this disorder using modern techniques (Mäenpää et al., 2010). Photobiomodulation and stem cell therapy have emerged as novel treatments for TMD and degenerative changes of the TMJ disc (Zhu Xu et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2015). ADSCs have been proven to have the capacity to differentiate into many cell types and tissues (Mazini 2019). Research has shown that photobiomodulation increases stem cell proliferation (Mvula et al., 2010; Mvula and Abrahamse, 2014). Stem cell therapy has been used in an attempt to replace degenerative TMJ disc cells (Zhang et al., 2015). However, despite significant improvements in the search for new treatments to improve TMDs, conclusive evidence of possible treatment regimes for degeneration of the TMJ disc remains to be discovered... , D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
Photodiagnosis and targeted photodynamic therapy treatment of colon cancer
- Simelane, Nokuphila Winifred Nompumelelo
- Authors: Simelane, Nokuphila Winifred Nompumelelo
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/476190 , uj:42984
- Description: Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and is considered a highly lethal malignant tumour worldwide, with respect to its incidence and mortality rate (Bray et al., 2018). Early diagnosis of CRC can improve survival rate and be effectively cured (Simon, 2016). Current traditional diagnostic and treatment interventions for CRC such as colonoscopy, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, often have limitations, such as invasiveness, and are associated with various unwanted side effects (Mishra et al., 2013; Simon, 2016). As such, further research is required to enhance unconventional strategies, that can allow non-invasive diagnosis, alleviate adverse side effects, and offer improved treatment efficacies than when compared to conventional therapies... , M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Simelane, Nokuphila Winifred Nompumelelo
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/476190 , uj:42984
- Description: Abstract: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and is considered a highly lethal malignant tumour worldwide, with respect to its incidence and mortality rate (Bray et al., 2018). Early diagnosis of CRC can improve survival rate and be effectively cured (Simon, 2016). Current traditional diagnostic and treatment interventions for CRC such as colonoscopy, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, often have limitations, such as invasiveness, and are associated with various unwanted side effects (Mishra et al., 2013; Simon, 2016). As such, further research is required to enhance unconventional strategies, that can allow non-invasive diagnosis, alleviate adverse side effects, and offer improved treatment efficacies than when compared to conventional therapies... , M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
Phototoxic effect of a photosensitizer on a multidrug resistant human breast cancer cell line
- Authors: Chekwube, Aniogo Eric
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/476166 , uj:42981
- Description: Abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the reason cancer treatment fails to respond to standard drugs. This failure has led to a major public health crisis as about 50% of cancers treated with chemotherapeutic drugs become resistant to the same or related anticancer drugs. Studies have shown that almost all cancers can develop resistance during treatment hence the need to develop a novel therapeutic regime. Cancer drug resistance is a complex phenomenon linked to increased expression of drug efflux proteins. These proteins include, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance proteins (BCRP), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) among others that belong to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. It has been reported that repeated or continuous drug treatment upregulates efflux protein activity which prevents the accumulation of drugs thus contributing to drug resistance... , D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Chekwube, Aniogo Eric
- Date: 2020
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/476166 , uj:42981
- Description: Abstract: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the reason cancer treatment fails to respond to standard drugs. This failure has led to a major public health crisis as about 50% of cancers treated with chemotherapeutic drugs become resistant to the same or related anticancer drugs. Studies have shown that almost all cancers can develop resistance during treatment hence the need to develop a novel therapeutic regime. Cancer drug resistance is a complex phenomenon linked to increased expression of drug efflux proteins. These proteins include, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance proteins (BCRP), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) among others that belong to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. It has been reported that repeated or continuous drug treatment upregulates efflux protein activity which prevents the accumulation of drugs thus contributing to drug resistance... , D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
Investigation of nano immunotherapy drug delivery in metastatic melanoma cancer cells
- Authors: Naidoo, Channay
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Nanomedicine , Photosensitizing compounds , Drug delivery systems , Melanoma - Chemotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/296670 , uj:32326
- Description: M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) , Abstract: Cancer is a disease that is generally caused by environmental factors that cause mutations in the genes and result in cells proliferating abnormally at a rapid pace (Martin et al., 2013). Due to the amount of new cases diagnosed annually, it is one of the most predominant health threats to individuals (Miller et al., 2016). There are multiple treatments available, however due to the severe side effects suffered by patients; alternative forms of treatment therapies require investigation (DeSantis et al., 2014). In 2016 the World Health Organization reported that the incidence of skin cancer is on the rise due to the excessive Ultraviolet (UV) rays’ individuals are being exposed to and that metastatic melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer (Swavey et al., 2013). Metastatic melanoma begins in the epidermis where it progresses to other organs (Swavey et al., 2013). Due to this malignancy the limited treatment options that are available are largely ineffective (Seifried et al., 2015). Once metastasis occurs it is difficult to locate where it originated from, can become life threatening if left untreated but frequently redevelops after treatments such as surgery owning to the fact that the primary or secondary site of the tumour was not removed (Allen, 2013). The incidence and mortality rate are continuously increasing because of the metastatic potential of melanoma, suggesting that novel therapies should be proposed which actively target the sites of the tumours (Kunte et al., 2017). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative therapy that utilises a photosensitizer (PS) drug, that is taken up by the cell and localised in organelles such as the nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and possibly the mitochondrion (Agostinis et al., 2011; Mroz et al., 2011). The localized PS drug is then activated by laser light at a specific wavelength to yield reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce cell death modes such apoptosis, necrosis and/or autophagy causing tumour destruction (Agostinis et al., 2011; Maiuri et al., 2007). Thus, PDT is a promising treatment modality that is being investigated in the field of dermatology (Wang et al., 2017). There have been many clinical trials that have been conducted using PDT, however these studies have been done on various other types of skin cancer that...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Naidoo, Channay
- Date: 2019
- Subjects: Nanomedicine , Photosensitizing compounds , Drug delivery systems , Melanoma - Chemotherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/296670 , uj:32326
- Description: M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) , Abstract: Cancer is a disease that is generally caused by environmental factors that cause mutations in the genes and result in cells proliferating abnormally at a rapid pace (Martin et al., 2013). Due to the amount of new cases diagnosed annually, it is one of the most predominant health threats to individuals (Miller et al., 2016). There are multiple treatments available, however due to the severe side effects suffered by patients; alternative forms of treatment therapies require investigation (DeSantis et al., 2014). In 2016 the World Health Organization reported that the incidence of skin cancer is on the rise due to the excessive Ultraviolet (UV) rays’ individuals are being exposed to and that metastatic melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer (Swavey et al., 2013). Metastatic melanoma begins in the epidermis where it progresses to other organs (Swavey et al., 2013). Due to this malignancy the limited treatment options that are available are largely ineffective (Seifried et al., 2015). Once metastasis occurs it is difficult to locate where it originated from, can become life threatening if left untreated but frequently redevelops after treatments such as surgery owning to the fact that the primary or secondary site of the tumour was not removed (Allen, 2013). The incidence and mortality rate are continuously increasing because of the metastatic potential of melanoma, suggesting that novel therapies should be proposed which actively target the sites of the tumours (Kunte et al., 2017). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative therapy that utilises a photosensitizer (PS) drug, that is taken up by the cell and localised in organelles such as the nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum and possibly the mitochondrion (Agostinis et al., 2011; Mroz et al., 2011). The localized PS drug is then activated by laser light at a specific wavelength to yield reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induce cell death modes such apoptosis, necrosis and/or autophagy causing tumour destruction (Agostinis et al., 2011; Maiuri et al., 2007). Thus, PDT is a promising treatment modality that is being investigated in the field of dermatology (Wang et al., 2017). There have been many clinical trials that have been conducted using PDT, however these studies have been done on various other types of skin cancer that...
- Full Text:
Lung cancer and lung cancer stem response to immuno and nanoparticle mediated drug delivery for photodynamic therapy
- Authors: Crous, Anna Magdalena
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/412303 , uj:34687
- Description: Abstract: Cancer is a term for a collection of diseases in which atypical cells proliferate uncontrollably and can invade nearby tissue as well as metastasise throughout the body. There is an increase in cancer occurrence due to the growth and aging of the general population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors (Thun et al., 2010). Cancer statistics projected, that there will be an increase of 68% of cancer incidences by 2030 worldwide. Cancers commonly diagnosed are lung, breast, bowel and prostate cancer, where these cancers account for 4 in 10 cases diagnosed globally (UK, 2018). Lung cancer is the foremost cause of cancer mortality among males in both more and less developed countries, and has exceeded breast cancer as the primary cause of cancer death among females in more developed countries (Rafiemanesh et al., 2016). Residing within a tumour are a small subset of neoplastic cells capable of tumour genesis called cancer stem cells (CSCs), they have characteristics similar to normal stem cells (SCs) which include, self-renewal and pluripotency through which the generation of heterogeneous cells can construct the entire tumour (Rich, 2016). Research on CSCs due to resistance to conventional therapies and inability in complete eradication of cancer is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies for a more effective reduction in the risk of tumour metastasis and cancer recurrence (Abbaszadegan et al., 2017). .. , D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Crous, Anna Magdalena
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/412303 , uj:34687
- Description: Abstract: Cancer is a term for a collection of diseases in which atypical cells proliferate uncontrollably and can invade nearby tissue as well as metastasise throughout the body. There is an increase in cancer occurrence due to the growth and aging of the general population, as well as an increasing prevalence of established risk factors (Thun et al., 2010). Cancer statistics projected, that there will be an increase of 68% of cancer incidences by 2030 worldwide. Cancers commonly diagnosed are lung, breast, bowel and prostate cancer, where these cancers account for 4 in 10 cases diagnosed globally (UK, 2018). Lung cancer is the foremost cause of cancer mortality among males in both more and less developed countries, and has exceeded breast cancer as the primary cause of cancer death among females in more developed countries (Rafiemanesh et al., 2016). Residing within a tumour are a small subset of neoplastic cells capable of tumour genesis called cancer stem cells (CSCs), they have characteristics similar to normal stem cells (SCs) which include, self-renewal and pluripotency through which the generation of heterogeneous cells can construct the entire tumour (Rich, 2016). Research on CSCs due to resistance to conventional therapies and inability in complete eradication of cancer is critical for developing novel therapeutic strategies for a more effective reduction in the risk of tumour metastasis and cancer recurrence (Abbaszadegan et al., 2017). .. , D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
Phototherapy and podiatric intervention for the management of chronic lower limb ulceration in patients with type II diabetes mellitus and skin type III and V
- Authors: Sithole, Nozipho
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/422912 , uj:36108
- Description: Abstract: Diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs) remain a severe complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the most critical risk factor for lower limb amputations. Their management involves a dynamic approach which includes wound debridement, antibiotics to treat infections, mechanical off-loading, as well as foot care education. However, the overall wound management of chronic DFUs can undergo extended periods without any healing response due to multiple complex pathophysiological mechanisms which are involved in patients who have diabetes. Despite all the challenges faced with managing or treating DFUs, several clinical trials suggest Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), more recently termed Photobiomodulation (PBM), as an alternative promising treatment modality. Photobiomodulation has shown potential in improving the healing rate of chronic diabetic ulcerations when combined with other conventional treatments. However, until this study, there have been no studies, in South Africa, that have investigated the effects of Blue laser therapy in the management of DFUs and whether skin tone has a positive or negative impact in these patients... , M.Tech. (Podiatry)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Sithole, Nozipho
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/422912 , uj:36108
- Description: Abstract: Diabetic foot ulcerations (DFUs) remain a severe complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and the most critical risk factor for lower limb amputations. Their management involves a dynamic approach which includes wound debridement, antibiotics to treat infections, mechanical off-loading, as well as foot care education. However, the overall wound management of chronic DFUs can undergo extended periods without any healing response due to multiple complex pathophysiological mechanisms which are involved in patients who have diabetes. Despite all the challenges faced with managing or treating DFUs, several clinical trials suggest Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT), more recently termed Photobiomodulation (PBM), as an alternative promising treatment modality. Photobiomodulation has shown potential in improving the healing rate of chronic diabetic ulcerations when combined with other conventional treatments. However, until this study, there have been no studies, in South Africa, that have investigated the effects of Blue laser therapy in the management of DFUs and whether skin tone has a positive or negative impact in these patients... , M.Tech. (Podiatry)
- Full Text:
The In Vitro effects of homeopathically prepared rubus idaeus and low level laser therapy on cervical cancer cells
- Authors: Joubert, Kelley Sue
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/412351 , uj:34693
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract. , M.Tech. (Homeopathy)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Joubert, Kelley Sue
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/412351 , uj:34693
- Description: Abstract: Please refer to full text to view abstract. , M.Tech. (Homeopathy)
- Full Text:
The in vitro effects of homeopathically prepared rubus idaeus and low level laser therapy on cervical cancer cells
- Authors: Joubert, Kelley Sue
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/412544 , uj:34720
- Description: Abstract: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, considered to be a direct result from infection with the Human papillomavirus (HPV). Other possible contributing factors towards CC include multiple sexual partners, having sexual activity from a very early age and immunodeficiency. In 2014, it was concluded that 19 098 women in South Africa died as a result of CC. Another report noted that CC is the most common form of cancer amongst black South African women, particularly those over the age of 35 years. Rubus idaeus (commonly referred to as red raspberry), is a plant used most commonly to treat disorders of the female genital tract. It is said to possess high antioxidant properties and has shown many cytotoxic properties in cases of cancer in recent studies. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) makes use of specific wavelengths and fluence to repair damaged tissue. Some in vivo studies done previously suggest that LLLT has the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. No research demonstrating the relationship between Rubus idaeus (R. idaeus) and LLLT on CC has been conducted to date. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro effects of R. idaeus (Homeopathic mother tincture, D6 and 30cH) and LLLT on CC cell lines. This quantitative in vitro research study took place at the Laser Research Centre of the University of Johannesburg. This study made use of HeLa cells (ATCC ccl-2) and R. idaeus (D3, D6 and 30 cH Homeopathic preparations) and LLLT at 680 nm at 5, 10 and 15 J/cm2 doses. A HeLa cell culture (ATCC CCL-2) was cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and sub-cultured from 75 cm2 flasks into 3.3 cm diameter culture plates for experimentation. There were three cell groups in this study with each experiment repeated a total of 3 times in duplicate. Each of the three experimental cell groups were divided as follows; untreated control cells (CC cells not exposed to R. idaeus or LLLT), CC cells treated with R. idaeus (D3, D6 and 30cH), CC cells treated with a combination of the optimal performing potency of R. idaeus and LLLT at 680 nm diode lasers with three fluencies of 5, 10 and 15 J/cm2. The effectiveness of these treatments were measured as follows; cell-viability was measured by using Trypan Blue assay, morphology by inverted light microscope and cytotoxicity was measured by observing the different levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) present in the culture medium. Apoptosis of the HeLa cell culture was analyzed via Annexin V/PI and Hoechst stain and iv proliferation was observed by measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) levels in the cells. The experimental procedure was designed as a means to determine if there was a difference in the outcome of CC cell death if the cells were exposed to a single treatment with various potencies of R. idaeus or a combined treatment with the optimal potency of R. idaeus (D3) with laser 680 nm after a 24 h interval. The single and combined treatment protocol was completed a total of 6 times (n=6) for all experiments except for Annexin V/PI staining where the experiments were completed a total of 3 times (n=3). The data for both experimental procedures were analysed by using Sigma Plot version 14.0 computer software. The t-test was used in order to examine the effects of the various treatment protocols in inducing cancer cell death. In each instance, a statistical difference of p<0.05 was identified. Morphological changes indicated that the single treatment application of R. idaeus D3 had the ability to induce CC cell death in vitro however this was not the case in the combined treatment protocol of R. idaeus D3 and LLLT 680 nm. The combined treatment protocol demonstrated a photobiomodulatory effect which enhanced cancer cell growth. Based on statistical analysis, the results demonstrated that a single treatment protocol of R. idaeus D3 increased apoptosis of CC cells in vitro. However, more research needs to be conducted in order to examine the systemic effects of this remedy preparation. , M.Tech. (Homoeopathy)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Joubert, Kelley Sue
- Date: 2019
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/412544 , uj:34720
- Description: Abstract: Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, considered to be a direct result from infection with the Human papillomavirus (HPV). Other possible contributing factors towards CC include multiple sexual partners, having sexual activity from a very early age and immunodeficiency. In 2014, it was concluded that 19 098 women in South Africa died as a result of CC. Another report noted that CC is the most common form of cancer amongst black South African women, particularly those over the age of 35 years. Rubus idaeus (commonly referred to as red raspberry), is a plant used most commonly to treat disorders of the female genital tract. It is said to possess high antioxidant properties and has shown many cytotoxic properties in cases of cancer in recent studies. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) makes use of specific wavelengths and fluence to repair damaged tissue. Some in vivo studies done previously suggest that LLLT has the ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. No research demonstrating the relationship between Rubus idaeus (R. idaeus) and LLLT on CC has been conducted to date. The aim of this study was to compare the in vitro effects of R. idaeus (Homeopathic mother tincture, D6 and 30cH) and LLLT on CC cell lines. This quantitative in vitro research study took place at the Laser Research Centre of the University of Johannesburg. This study made use of HeLa cells (ATCC ccl-2) and R. idaeus (D3, D6 and 30 cH Homeopathic preparations) and LLLT at 680 nm at 5, 10 and 15 J/cm2 doses. A HeLa cell culture (ATCC CCL-2) was cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium and sub-cultured from 75 cm2 flasks into 3.3 cm diameter culture plates for experimentation. There were three cell groups in this study with each experiment repeated a total of 3 times in duplicate. Each of the three experimental cell groups were divided as follows; untreated control cells (CC cells not exposed to R. idaeus or LLLT), CC cells treated with R. idaeus (D3, D6 and 30cH), CC cells treated with a combination of the optimal performing potency of R. idaeus and LLLT at 680 nm diode lasers with three fluencies of 5, 10 and 15 J/cm2. The effectiveness of these treatments were measured as follows; cell-viability was measured by using Trypan Blue assay, morphology by inverted light microscope and cytotoxicity was measured by observing the different levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) present in the culture medium. Apoptosis of the HeLa cell culture was analyzed via Annexin V/PI and Hoechst stain and iv proliferation was observed by measuring Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) levels in the cells. The experimental procedure was designed as a means to determine if there was a difference in the outcome of CC cell death if the cells were exposed to a single treatment with various potencies of R. idaeus or a combined treatment with the optimal potency of R. idaeus (D3) with laser 680 nm after a 24 h interval. The single and combined treatment protocol was completed a total of 6 times (n=6) for all experiments except for Annexin V/PI staining where the experiments were completed a total of 3 times (n=3). The data for both experimental procedures were analysed by using Sigma Plot version 14.0 computer software. The t-test was used in order to examine the effects of the various treatment protocols in inducing cancer cell death. In each instance, a statistical difference of p<0.05 was identified. Morphological changes indicated that the single treatment application of R. idaeus D3 had the ability to induce CC cell death in vitro however this was not the case in the combined treatment protocol of R. idaeus D3 and LLLT 680 nm. The combined treatment protocol demonstrated a photobiomodulatory effect which enhanced cancer cell growth. Based on statistical analysis, the results demonstrated that a single treatment protocol of R. idaeus D3 increased apoptosis of CC cells in vitro. However, more research needs to be conducted in order to examine the systemic effects of this remedy preparation. , M.Tech. (Homoeopathy)
- Full Text:
Laser induced differentiation of human adipose stem cells to functional neuronal cells
- Authors: George, Sajan
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399775 , uj:33335
- Description: Abstract : , D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
- Authors: George, Sajan
- Date: 2018
- Language: English
- Type: Doctoral (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/399775 , uj:33335
- Description: Abstract : , D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology)
- Full Text:
The efficacy of laser therapy for the treatment of onychomycosis
- Authors: Dembskey, Nadia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Onychomycosis - Treatment , Nails (Anatomy) - Diseases - Treatment , Nails (Anatomy) - Diseases , Lasers in medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/296928 , uj:32358
- Description: Abstract: Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the finger- and toenails. It is a very common infection that accounts for approximately 50% of all nail pathologies worldwide. This condition is a therapeutic challenge and recently there has been an increase in resistance to current treatment regimes, namely oral and topical antifungal agents. During the last couple of years, laser therapy for the treatment of Onychomycosis has been a topic of discussion as a newer and safer modality of treatment. The aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of 1064 nm diode laser therapy for the treatment of Onychomycosis. An exploratory, prospective, quantitative, single-blinded study was conducted on patients with toenail Onychomycosis. Forty-five patients were randomly grouped into three groups and digital images of the toenails were taken to establish the severity of fungal infection. All patients received standard Podiatric treatment before each treatment with laser or control. Nail clippings were taken at the site of infection for PAS staining and fungal microscopy and culture to identify fungal elements and isolate the causative pathogen prior to treatment. Group 1 (control) received 5% topical Amorolfine lacquer to apply to the affected nails once-weekly. Group 2 received 1064 nm diode laser treatment at 10 mW/s wavelength, hallux 790 J/cm2 frequency and lesser digits 390 J/cm2 frequency. Group 3 received 1064 nm laser treatment at 10 mW/s wavelength, hallux 1 100 J/cm2 frequency and lesser digits 500 J/cm2 frequency. These two groups were compared to the control group, and as such, did not receive any topical antifungal therapy. Immediately after each individual laser treatment within each group, nail temperature reached was taken with a surface thermometer, omitting the control group. Specimen diagnostic results indicate that PAS staining was much more sensitive in identifying Onychomycotic infections (91.1%), compared to Fungal Microscopy (44.4%) at week 1. If Fungal Microscopy (and culture) was performed as the only diagnostic test, 55.6%... , M.Tech. (Podiatry)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Dembskey, Nadia
- Date: 2018
- Subjects: Onychomycosis - Treatment , Nails (Anatomy) - Diseases - Treatment , Nails (Anatomy) - Diseases , Lasers in medicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/296928 , uj:32358
- Description: Abstract: Onychomycosis is a chronic fungal infection of the finger- and toenails. It is a very common infection that accounts for approximately 50% of all nail pathologies worldwide. This condition is a therapeutic challenge and recently there has been an increase in resistance to current treatment regimes, namely oral and topical antifungal agents. During the last couple of years, laser therapy for the treatment of Onychomycosis has been a topic of discussion as a newer and safer modality of treatment. The aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of 1064 nm diode laser therapy for the treatment of Onychomycosis. An exploratory, prospective, quantitative, single-blinded study was conducted on patients with toenail Onychomycosis. Forty-five patients were randomly grouped into three groups and digital images of the toenails were taken to establish the severity of fungal infection. All patients received standard Podiatric treatment before each treatment with laser or control. Nail clippings were taken at the site of infection for PAS staining and fungal microscopy and culture to identify fungal elements and isolate the causative pathogen prior to treatment. Group 1 (control) received 5% topical Amorolfine lacquer to apply to the affected nails once-weekly. Group 2 received 1064 nm diode laser treatment at 10 mW/s wavelength, hallux 790 J/cm2 frequency and lesser digits 390 J/cm2 frequency. Group 3 received 1064 nm laser treatment at 10 mW/s wavelength, hallux 1 100 J/cm2 frequency and lesser digits 500 J/cm2 frequency. These two groups were compared to the control group, and as such, did not receive any topical antifungal therapy. Immediately after each individual laser treatment within each group, nail temperature reached was taken with a surface thermometer, omitting the control group. Specimen diagnostic results indicate that PAS staining was much more sensitive in identifying Onychomycotic infections (91.1%), compared to Fungal Microscopy (44.4%) at week 1. If Fungal Microscopy (and culture) was performed as the only diagnostic test, 55.6%... , M.Tech. (Podiatry)
- Full Text:
Effect of photobiomudulation at 660 nm on the JAK/STAT signalling pathway in diabetic wounded cells
- Authors: Jere, Sandy Winfield
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Wound healing , Extracellular matrix
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/273466 , uj:29134
- Description: M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) , Abstract: The Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway is utilised by the majority of growth factors and cytokines to pass extracellular signals to the nucleus for transcription. Growth factors and cytokines are crucial in the regulation of wound healing (Feng et al., 2016) via signalling pathways that induce the closing of wounds, removal of damaged cells, and regeneration of tissue through cell proliferation and migration. Recent literature suggests that JAK/STAT signalling is one of the major signalling pathways for cell proliferation and migration (Fortezza et al., 2016). Binding of Epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its receptor (EGFR) activates JAK, leading to downstream dimer formation of STAT proteins that translocate to the nucleus, where they attach to specific DNA sequences for gene transcription (Mutagenetix, 2016; He et al., 2016). EGF stimulates fibroblast proliferation, growth, migration and differentiation (Bodnar, 2013). Chronic wounds are one of the most debilitating complications related to diabetes mellitus (DM), and are mainly due to peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and immune suppression (Aumiller and Dollahite, 2015), as well as abnormal cellular function and growth factor or cytokine activity (Moura et al., 2013). Chronic wounds, including diabetic ulcers, exhibit reduced EGF, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (Pastar et al., 2014; Demidova-Rice et al., 2012). Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses low power lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to regulate cellular molecular pathways and function, creating a promising mode of treatment for chronic diabetic wounds. PBM may either accelerate or hinder cellular processes, and is largely influenced by the wavelength and fluence (energy density). PBM is effective in wound healing in the visible red (600–700 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 700–1,100 nm) spectrum, and the main chromophore associated with these wavelengths is thought to be cytochrome c oxidase (CoX), unit IV in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Wang et al., 2017). Studies involving the irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts with visible red light at wavelengths of...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Jere, Sandy Winfield
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Wound healing , Extracellular matrix
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/273466 , uj:29134
- Description: M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) , Abstract: The Janus kinase/Signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway is utilised by the majority of growth factors and cytokines to pass extracellular signals to the nucleus for transcription. Growth factors and cytokines are crucial in the regulation of wound healing (Feng et al., 2016) via signalling pathways that induce the closing of wounds, removal of damaged cells, and regeneration of tissue through cell proliferation and migration. Recent literature suggests that JAK/STAT signalling is one of the major signalling pathways for cell proliferation and migration (Fortezza et al., 2016). Binding of Epidermal growth factor (EGF) to its receptor (EGFR) activates JAK, leading to downstream dimer formation of STAT proteins that translocate to the nucleus, where they attach to specific DNA sequences for gene transcription (Mutagenetix, 2016; He et al., 2016). EGF stimulates fibroblast proliferation, growth, migration and differentiation (Bodnar, 2013). Chronic wounds are one of the most debilitating complications related to diabetes mellitus (DM), and are mainly due to peripheral neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease, and immune suppression (Aumiller and Dollahite, 2015), as well as abnormal cellular function and growth factor or cytokine activity (Moura et al., 2013). Chronic wounds, including diabetic ulcers, exhibit reduced EGF, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) (Pastar et al., 2014; Demidova-Rice et al., 2012). Photobiomodulation (PBM) uses low power lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to regulate cellular molecular pathways and function, creating a promising mode of treatment for chronic diabetic wounds. PBM may either accelerate or hinder cellular processes, and is largely influenced by the wavelength and fluence (energy density). PBM is effective in wound healing in the visible red (600–700 nm) and near-infrared (NIR, 700–1,100 nm) spectrum, and the main chromophore associated with these wavelengths is thought to be cytochrome c oxidase (CoX), unit IV in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (Wang et al., 2017). Studies involving the irradiation of human dermal fibroblasts with visible red light at wavelengths of...
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Effectiveness of light emitting diode treatment for melasma on skin types V-VI
- Authors: Mpofana, Nomakhosi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Melanoderma - Phototherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268572 , uj:28511
- Description: M.Tech. (Somatology) , Abstract: An even skin tone and colour is desirable in all ethnic groups (Grimes, 2008). Skin pigmentation disorders comprise two main groups, namely, inherited and acquired pigment disorders (Karn et al., 2012). Melasma is one of the most common acquired hypermelanosis of the face (Hamadi et al., 2009). Women with Fitzpatrick skin type V-VI are more prone to melasma due to the high melanin content in these skin types (Grimes, 1999; Alam and Pongprutthipan, 2010). Melasma is a challenging, recurrent and chronic skin condition which has become more prevalent over time due to life style changes, climate changes and global warming (Sheth and Pandya, 2011). The precise incidence and aetiology of melasma remains unclear (Hill, 2008). Classification of melasma is based on site of the lesion e.g. mandibular, malar and craniofacial; and depth of pigmentation e.g. epidermal, dermal or mixed (Kauvar, 2011). Due to the disfiguring nature of melasma, it has been associated with significant negative psychological and emotional effects (Gupta et al., 2006). Recent studies indicate a decrease in social functioning, decreased productivity at work and lower self-esteem (Balkrishnan et al., 2003; Guinot et al., 2010; Karn et al., 2012). Grimes et al (2006) indicates that these symptoms lead to unnecessary stress, ailments, disorders and often disease. Treating melasma in skin types V-VI is challenging and often results in poor outcomes (Balkrishnan et al., 2003, Ahluwalia, 2009). Most documented attempts have primarily relied on the use of invasive therapy, drugs and creams. These attempts include ablative and non- ablative lasers, micro-dermabrassion, mesotherapy, topical depigmenting agents like hydroquinone (HQ), arbutin, retinoids, niacinamide, mequinol, Kligman’s formula and chemical peeling (Guinot et al., 2010). Such treatment modalities have been found to produce suboptimal results and undesirable side effects and risks (Ardigo et al., 2010; Sheth and Pandya, 2011). Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), blistering, scabbing, dyschromias, ochronosis, epidermolysis and sometimes skin atrophy are common risks associated with treating melasma on skin type V-VI (Goldberg, 2005)...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mpofana, Nomakhosi
- Date: 2017
- Subjects: Melanoderma - Phototherapy
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/268572 , uj:28511
- Description: M.Tech. (Somatology) , Abstract: An even skin tone and colour is desirable in all ethnic groups (Grimes, 2008). Skin pigmentation disorders comprise two main groups, namely, inherited and acquired pigment disorders (Karn et al., 2012). Melasma is one of the most common acquired hypermelanosis of the face (Hamadi et al., 2009). Women with Fitzpatrick skin type V-VI are more prone to melasma due to the high melanin content in these skin types (Grimes, 1999; Alam and Pongprutthipan, 2010). Melasma is a challenging, recurrent and chronic skin condition which has become more prevalent over time due to life style changes, climate changes and global warming (Sheth and Pandya, 2011). The precise incidence and aetiology of melasma remains unclear (Hill, 2008). Classification of melasma is based on site of the lesion e.g. mandibular, malar and craniofacial; and depth of pigmentation e.g. epidermal, dermal or mixed (Kauvar, 2011). Due to the disfiguring nature of melasma, it has been associated with significant negative psychological and emotional effects (Gupta et al., 2006). Recent studies indicate a decrease in social functioning, decreased productivity at work and lower self-esteem (Balkrishnan et al., 2003; Guinot et al., 2010; Karn et al., 2012). Grimes et al (2006) indicates that these symptoms lead to unnecessary stress, ailments, disorders and often disease. Treating melasma in skin types V-VI is challenging and often results in poor outcomes (Balkrishnan et al., 2003, Ahluwalia, 2009). Most documented attempts have primarily relied on the use of invasive therapy, drugs and creams. These attempts include ablative and non- ablative lasers, micro-dermabrassion, mesotherapy, topical depigmenting agents like hydroquinone (HQ), arbutin, retinoids, niacinamide, mequinol, Kligman’s formula and chemical peeling (Guinot et al., 2010). Such treatment modalities have been found to produce suboptimal results and undesirable side effects and risks (Ardigo et al., 2010; Sheth and Pandya, 2011). Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), blistering, scabbing, dyschromias, ochronosis, epidermolysis and sometimes skin atrophy are common risks associated with treating melasma on skin type V-VI (Goldberg, 2005)...
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Characterization, in vitro cytotoxicity studies and photoactive effect of gold nanorods on colorectal cancer cells
- Authors: Kadanyo, Sania
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Nanostructured materials , Rectum - Cancer - Treatment , Cancer - Treatment , Nanomedicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124772 , uj:20958
- Description: Abstract: Cancer is a disease formed from abnormal growth of cells affecting any part of the body. It is reported that cancer is the third leading cause of death after stroke and heart disease in developed countries. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates vary markedly around the world; according to the World Health Organization (WHO) colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as being the third leading cause of cancer death after lung and gastric cancer worldwide in both sexes. Thus each year over 1 million new patients develop colorectal cancer and over 600,000 patients die from it. The main problem in using most conventional cancer therapies such as anticancer drugs (chemotherapy); as well as radiation is their low selectivity for cancer cells coupled with their often high toxicity to non-targeted cells in the body and they often cause side effects that may be more unbearable than the disease at that particular point in time. In contrast with conventional cancer therapy’s photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed to try and address the disadvantages caused by conventional therapy’s. Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive method which yields satisfactory clinical results with fewer adverse side effects accompanied by higher selectivity. Although photodynamic therapy has significantly improved the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with cancer, further advances in therapeutic efficacy are required to overcome numerous side effects for example hydrophobicity and poor selectivity between deceased cells and healthy cells related to conventional PDT. Much attention has been directed to improving photosensitizers. Due to the highly desirable and tunable optical properties of light sensitive nanoparticles they are deemed resourceful in developing phototherapeutic agents for cancer therapy. Gold nanorods (GNRs) showing a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at the near infra-red (NIR) region are of great interest for the development of nanomedicine in particular phototherapy of cancer and drug delivery. The main concerns usually encountered when using metal nanoparticles for general bio-applications are their potential toxicity and biological interactions of the nanoparticles with the cells... , M.Sc. (Nanoscience)
- Full Text:
- Authors: Kadanyo, Sania
- Date: 2016
- Subjects: Nanostructured materials , Rectum - Cancer - Treatment , Cancer - Treatment , Nanomedicine
- Language: English
- Type: Masters (Thesis)
- Identifier: http://hdl.handle.net/10210/124772 , uj:20958
- Description: Abstract: Cancer is a disease formed from abnormal growth of cells affecting any part of the body. It is reported that cancer is the third leading cause of death after stroke and heart disease in developed countries. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates vary markedly around the world; according to the World Health Organization (WHO) colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as being the third leading cause of cancer death after lung and gastric cancer worldwide in both sexes. Thus each year over 1 million new patients develop colorectal cancer and over 600,000 patients die from it. The main problem in using most conventional cancer therapies such as anticancer drugs (chemotherapy); as well as radiation is their low selectivity for cancer cells coupled with their often high toxicity to non-targeted cells in the body and they often cause side effects that may be more unbearable than the disease at that particular point in time. In contrast with conventional cancer therapy’s photodynamic therapy (PDT) was developed to try and address the disadvantages caused by conventional therapy’s. Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive method which yields satisfactory clinical results with fewer adverse side effects accompanied by higher selectivity. Although photodynamic therapy has significantly improved the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with cancer, further advances in therapeutic efficacy are required to overcome numerous side effects for example hydrophobicity and poor selectivity between deceased cells and healthy cells related to conventional PDT. Much attention has been directed to improving photosensitizers. Due to the highly desirable and tunable optical properties of light sensitive nanoparticles they are deemed resourceful in developing phototherapeutic agents for cancer therapy. Gold nanorods (GNRs) showing a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at the near infra-red (NIR) region are of great interest for the development of nanomedicine in particular phototherapy of cancer and drug delivery. The main concerns usually encountered when using metal nanoparticles for general bio-applications are their potential toxicity and biological interactions of the nanoparticles with the cells... , M.Sc. (Nanoscience)
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Differentiation potential of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) when co-cultured with smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the role of low intensity laser irradiation (LILI)
- Authors: Mvula, Bernard Dandenault
- Date: 2015-07-14
- Subjects: Stem cells - Effect of radiation on , Laser beams , Cell differentiation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13729 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13995
- Description: D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) , Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that can proliferate and have the capacity of both self-renewal and differentiation to one or more types of specialised cells (Bishop et al., 2002). The two types of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. Adult stem cells have been isolated from adipose tissue in abundance and with ease (Mvula et al., 2010) and these cells have been differentiated into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with the enhancement of low intensity laser irradiation and the growth factors (de Villiers et al., 2011). Smooth muscles play an important role in diseases like cancer, hypertension, asthma and others (Rodriguez et al., 2006). Studies have shown that low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) can increase proliferation of cells, cellular attachment, differentiation and production of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in cells indicating that in vitro LILI can modulate the activity of cells and tissues (Khadra et al., 2005). Further studies have also discovered that LILI enhances wound healing (Fiszerman and Markmann, 2000). LILI has been successfully used for pain attenuation and to induce wound healing in non-healing defects (Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2005). LILI has been shown to increase viability and proliferation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) (Mvula et al., 2008 and Mvula et al., 2010). Growth factors such as retinoic acids (RA) have been shown to have major influences on cells. They are involved specifically in apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation (Duong and Rochette, 2011; Gudas and Wagner, 2011). Co-culturing is used to achieve several cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and migration (Kim et al., 2012). When two types of cells are cultured together, they are exposed to a number of complex environmental factors such as cytokines, extracellular matrix components, cell interactions, mechanical stimuli, signalling transcriptional pathways and transcriptional factors such as growth factors. v These factors are able to affect migration, proliferation and differentiation of one cell type into another (Zhang et al., 2012). The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiation potential of ADSCs when co-cultured with (SMCs) and to determine the role of LILI on the co-cultured cells. Short and long term biological effects were monitored on these cells following exposure to LILI and addition of growth factors. The study used commercial and isolated human ADSCs and SMCs (SKUT-1) cells. After growing cells to semiconfluency for ADSCs and confluency for SMCs, they were co-cultured in a ratio of 1:1 using the established methods supplemented with and without growth factors (TGF-β1and RA) and then exposed to LILI. The cellular morphology, viability and proliferation activities of the irradiated cells were then assessed using direct inverted and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC), trypan blue test, adenosine triphosphate luminescence, optical density analysis, and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimdyl ester (CFSE) methods. In particular the expression of the specific markers of both ADSCs, β1 Integrin (CD29) and Thy-1 (CD90) and SMCs, Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) were investigated through immunoflourescent microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. Up and down regulation of genes involved in the human mesenchymal stem cell array were analysed through Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR)...
- Full Text:
- Authors: Mvula, Bernard Dandenault
- Date: 2015-07-14
- Subjects: Stem cells - Effect of radiation on , Laser beams , Cell differentiation
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: uj:13729 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13995
- Description: D.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) , Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that can proliferate and have the capacity of both self-renewal and differentiation to one or more types of specialised cells (Bishop et al., 2002). The two types of stem cells are embryonic and adult stem cells. Adult stem cells have been isolated from adipose tissue in abundance and with ease (Mvula et al., 2010) and these cells have been differentiated into smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with the enhancement of low intensity laser irradiation and the growth factors (de Villiers et al., 2011). Smooth muscles play an important role in diseases like cancer, hypertension, asthma and others (Rodriguez et al., 2006). Studies have shown that low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) can increase proliferation of cells, cellular attachment, differentiation and production of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in cells indicating that in vitro LILI can modulate the activity of cells and tissues (Khadra et al., 2005). Further studies have also discovered that LILI enhances wound healing (Fiszerman and Markmann, 2000). LILI has been successfully used for pain attenuation and to induce wound healing in non-healing defects (Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2005). LILI has been shown to increase viability and proliferation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) (Mvula et al., 2008 and Mvula et al., 2010). Growth factors such as retinoic acids (RA) have been shown to have major influences on cells. They are involved specifically in apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation (Duong and Rochette, 2011; Gudas and Wagner, 2011). Co-culturing is used to achieve several cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation and migration (Kim et al., 2012). When two types of cells are cultured together, they are exposed to a number of complex environmental factors such as cytokines, extracellular matrix components, cell interactions, mechanical stimuli, signalling transcriptional pathways and transcriptional factors such as growth factors. v These factors are able to affect migration, proliferation and differentiation of one cell type into another (Zhang et al., 2012). The aim of this study was to investigate the differentiation potential of ADSCs when co-cultured with (SMCs) and to determine the role of LILI on the co-cultured cells. Short and long term biological effects were monitored on these cells following exposure to LILI and addition of growth factors. The study used commercial and isolated human ADSCs and SMCs (SKUT-1) cells. After growing cells to semiconfluency for ADSCs and confluency for SMCs, they were co-cultured in a ratio of 1:1 using the established methods supplemented with and without growth factors (TGF-β1and RA) and then exposed to LILI. The cellular morphology, viability and proliferation activities of the irradiated cells were then assessed using direct inverted and differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC), trypan blue test, adenosine triphosphate luminescence, optical density analysis, and carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimdyl ester (CFSE) methods. In particular the expression of the specific markers of both ADSCs, β1 Integrin (CD29) and Thy-1 (CD90) and SMCs, Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) were investigated through immunoflourescent microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. Up and down regulation of genes involved in the human mesenchymal stem cell array were analysed through Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR)...
- Full Text:
Collagen production in wounded fibroblasts in response to low intensity laser irradiation
- Authors: Ayuk, Sandra Matabi
- Date: 2014-04-15
- Subjects: Irradiation , Radiotherapy , Fibroblasts , Collagen , Lasers in medicine
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/376335 , uj:10683 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10199
- Description: M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) , Collagen Type I (Col- I) as well as collagen types III and V, form most of the connective tissues, smooth muscle cells and, endothelial cells in wound healing (Stuart and Leaper, 2008). Col-I is also the main extracellular matrix (ECM) protein (Ricard-Blum and Ruggiero, 2005). Low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) is a non-invasive, photobiomodulatory therapy. Huang et al., (2009a) have shown LILI to be involved in Col-I production both in vitro and in vivo. Enhanced collagen production in human skin fibroblasts is common shortly after irradiation (Illsley et al., 2000). However, its synthesis in wounded fibroblasts has not been well established in an in vitro model. Healing is impaired in chronic diabetic wounds which exhibit reduced proliferation rate and collagen synthesis (Beldon, 2010; Falanga, 2005). Studies have shown that LILI using a wavelength of 632.8 nm was not the only wavelength biostimulated in cultured cells: biological responses were also generated from various wavelengths within the visible to Near Infrared (NIR) spectral region (Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2005; Karu and Kolyakov, 2005). This study aimed to establish if LILI influenced collagen production and related cellular responses at a wavelength of 660 or 830 nm, with a fluence of 5 J/cm2 in an in vitro normal and wounded fibroblasts model. The study also evaluated the expression profiling of genes related to the ECM and adhesion. This study was performed on isolated human skin fibroblasts collected from a consenting adult undergoing abdominoplasty. Cells were routinely cultured according to standard techniques (Houreld and Abrahamse, 2010; Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2007a; Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2006a; Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2005).
- Full Text:
- Authors: Ayuk, Sandra Matabi
- Date: 2014-04-15
- Subjects: Irradiation , Radiotherapy , Fibroblasts , Collagen , Lasers in medicine
- Type: Thesis
- Identifier: http://ujcontent.uj.ac.za8080/10210/376335 , uj:10683 , http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10199
- Description: M.Tech. (Biomedical Technology) , Collagen Type I (Col- I) as well as collagen types III and V, form most of the connective tissues, smooth muscle cells and, endothelial cells in wound healing (Stuart and Leaper, 2008). Col-I is also the main extracellular matrix (ECM) protein (Ricard-Blum and Ruggiero, 2005). Low intensity laser irradiation (LILI) is a non-invasive, photobiomodulatory therapy. Huang et al., (2009a) have shown LILI to be involved in Col-I production both in vitro and in vivo. Enhanced collagen production in human skin fibroblasts is common shortly after irradiation (Illsley et al., 2000). However, its synthesis in wounded fibroblasts has not been well established in an in vitro model. Healing is impaired in chronic diabetic wounds which exhibit reduced proliferation rate and collagen synthesis (Beldon, 2010; Falanga, 2005). Studies have shown that LILI using a wavelength of 632.8 nm was not the only wavelength biostimulated in cultured cells: biological responses were also generated from various wavelengths within the visible to Near Infrared (NIR) spectral region (Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2005; Karu and Kolyakov, 2005). This study aimed to establish if LILI influenced collagen production and related cellular responses at a wavelength of 660 or 830 nm, with a fluence of 5 J/cm2 in an in vitro normal and wounded fibroblasts model. The study also evaluated the expression profiling of genes related to the ECM and adhesion. This study was performed on isolated human skin fibroblasts collected from a consenting adult undergoing abdominoplasty. Cells were routinely cultured according to standard techniques (Houreld and Abrahamse, 2010; Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2007a; Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2006a; Hawkins and Abrahamse, 2005).
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