Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) a promising non-invasive
therapeutic technique has been proposed to have regenerative ability.
There is limited understanding of PBMs effectiveness in 3D cell culture systems. To evaluate the effect of PBM at 825 nm on
adipose-derived
stem cells (ADSCs) cultured in 2D and 3D spheroid models. ADSCs were exposed to PBM at fluences of 5, 10,
and 15 J/cm2 to assess cellular responses. Cell morphology, spheroid diameter, cell concentration, viability, proliferation, and
cytotoxicity were monitored 24-and
72-h
post-irradiation
(hpi). In 2D cell culture, PBM at 5 J/cm2 showed a significant increase
in cell viability and proliferation. Cellular cytotoxicity was higher in 2D. Spheroids maintained steady size, increased viability,
and proliferation peaking at 24 hpi but remaining stable over time at 10 J/cm2. 2D cell cultures show an over expression of PBM-induced
effects, while spheroids provide a more physiological and balanced response profile particularly at 10 J/cm2.