Abstract
In South Africa, small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) have been recognized as
the critical driving force to alleviate some economic challenges that the country faces. The challenges,
such as the alleviation of poverty and the unemployment rate, can be addressed by policies that
encourage SMME developments and sustainability. The historical background of SMMEs in South
Africa has left them operating in various locations, such as cities and townships. There is a growing
concern of the lack of information and communications technology (ICT) adoption by SMMEs,
in particular those operating in townships. The aim of this study was to develop an ICT adoption
framework using the sustainability livelihood framework (SLF) to encourage ICT adoption and
improve the livelihood of township SMMEs. This study used the sustainable livelihood framework
(SLF) to explore the broader socio-economic contents of the township SMMEs on human, social,
financial, and physical and natural resource-based assets that enable the poor to enhance their
capabilities and reduce their vulnerabilities. This study deployed a qualitative exploratory research.
A sample of 21 SMME owners/managers operating in Soweto was used, and data were collected
using in-depth interviews and observations. The study revealed township SMMEs are complex and
dynamic and need various interventions in order for them to be sustainable. The SLF for township
SMMEs can be used as a guideline for SMME owners/managers and policy makers when formulating
ICT adoption policy.