Abstract
This study critically examines the impact of regulatory frameworks on the plastic waste value chain and its management, offering a comprehensive analysis of how different governmental policies shape the effectiveness of plastic waste processes from generation to recycling and disposal. This review explores the dynamics between regulatory approaches and their practical outcomes in plastic waste management via a systematic review of global legislation and case studies. This review further categorizes these frameworks into stringent, moderate, and lenient, correlating each category with corresponding outcomes in terms of plastic recycling rates, innovation in waste processing technologies, and sustainability practices. Furthermore, this review addresses the challenges and opportunities presented by Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) schemes, and how this influences corporate behavior and technology adoption in the plastic industry. Additionally, this work synthesizes key factors that determine the success of regulatory frameworks in fostering a circular economy by leveraging data and findings from multiple sources. Finally, the research efforts in this study provides policy recommendations for enhancing the regulatory environment to better manage plastic waste and encourage the transition towards more sustainable practices. The conclusions drawn from this review not only shed light on effective strategies and gaps in current regulatory practices, but also offer a roadmap for policymakers, industry leaders, and environmental advocates to collaboratively improve the management of plastic waste globally. This study aims to serve as a foundational reference for future research and policy development in the realm of sustainable plastic waste management.