Abstract
Our article discusses various features of research excellence (RE) in Africa, framed within the
context of African science granting councils (SCGs) and pan-African RE initiatives. Our survey, collecting
responses from 106 researchers and research coordinators across Africa, highlights the diversity
of opinions and preferences with regards to Africa-relevant dimensions of RE and related performance
indicators. The results of the survey confirm that RE is a highly multidimensional concept. Our analysis
shows how some of those dimensions can be operationalised into quantifiable indicators that
may suit evidence-based policy discourses on research quality in Africa, as well as research performance
assessments by African SCGs. Our indicator case study, dealing with the top 1 per cent most
highly cited research publications, identifies several niches of international-level RE in the African continent
while highlighting the role of scientific cooperation as a driving force. To gain a deeper understanding
of RE in Africa, it is important to take into account the practical challenges faced by researchers
and research funding agencies to align and reconcile socioeconomic interests with
international notions of excellence and associated research performance indicators. African RE should
be customised and contextualised in order to be responsive to African needs and circumstances.