Abstract
The study examines Qatar residents’ perceptions associated with the 2022 FIFA World Cup by assessing the five dimensions of psychic income. Six months before the event, data were collected from the host city residents (n=280). Participants were divided into three subgroups based on residents’ nationality (Qatari nationals, Arab nationals excluding the Qatari ones, and non-Arab nationals). Following confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM), the results indicated that residents’ perceptions were positively associated with the psychic income dimensions. The community attachment dimension had the highest score in weight contributing to the total of psychic income, followed by community pride and event excitement. Within subgroups, community attachment and event excitement dimensions were significantly different. Results show that locals had a higher positive impact compared to regional and international residents, respectively. These findings are useful for Qatar decision-makers and support their strategies in involving neighbouring countries in the event. The results also support FIFA’s strategies in implementing a new direction for future co-host countries, as is the case of the co-hosting of the 2026 tournament and the 2036 bid, which has relevance for the MENA region.