Abstract
The rapid integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy sources into the grid presented challenges to grid stability, reliability, and efficiency. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization framework developed using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine optimal placement and capacity of EV charging infrastructures. The primary objectives of this work are to minimize voltage deviation, active power losses, and costs while enhancing voltage stability and power loss sensitivity. The IEEE 69 Busbar system is the test network to evaluate EV integration under different load conditions. This framework identifies optimal charging station locations and capacities, significantly reducing power losses, voltage deviations, and fault currents, thereby improving grid stability and reliability. The simulation results show that power loss is reduced by 49.56%, voltage deviation decreases by 16.07%, and cost drops by 11.85%. Moreover, reliability indices demonstrate significant enhancement with EENS decreasing by 35.91% and VSI improving by 43.51%.