Abstract
DC motor is extensively used in various industrial applications such as robotics, automobiles, toys and many other motoring applications. This is attributable to their extraordinary flexibility, durability and low implementation cost. To obtain the desired output based on the use of the DC motor, it is imperative to control the speed, position, torque and other variables of the DC motor. Many classical techniques have been utilized in the past to control the DC motor, however, such classical methods typically take a long time, particularly when used for complex nonlinear systems. The use of metaheuristic algorithms as a way of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in this field has proven to be highly effective in overcoming these shortcomings. In recent decades, metaheuristic algorithms have become increasingly prevalent due to their tremendous success in addressing several real-world optimization challenges in various areas of human activities, ranging from economic, pharmaceutical and industrial applications to intellectual applications. This review presents the use of different types of metaheuristic algorithm techniques in optimizing the parameters of the proportional-integralderived (PID) controller in order to control the DC motor. For a more robust review, the application of various forms of PID controller, as well as different types of DC motors, is considered.