Abstract
Intelligent transport systems are essential for urban residents in large cities,
facilitating not only vehicular mobility but also the movement of residents. Urban mobility
is a significant concern, particularly in the context of the Internet of Things, where vehicles
evolve into intelligent nodes within sensor networks. This convergence of the mobile
Internet and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) redefines urban mobility. In the context of smart
cities, it examines the evolving IoV and communication models, unveiling both current
and emerging trends. This research paper offers insights into global market trends and
conducts bibliographic data analysis to illuminate the present and future potential of the
IoV. It highlights IoV applications, the layered architecture, and connected and autonomous
vehicle levels (Level 0 to Level 5). The communication model is explained, along with
addressing research challenges and future directions. The conclusion summarizes the key
findings and emphasizes the main points addressed in the study.