Abstract
Experts reveal that there is an evolution of folktales in different cultures of the world, and this is the result of the changing world in which we live. As amaXhosa society reveals changes compared to the previous era, it is interesting to what extent these changes have influenced the production of isiXhosa folktales. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to reveal the evolution of isiXhosa folktales by examining the plot structure and characterisation in modern isiXhosa folktales. We have selected three folktales written in isiXhosa; UXamana nentombi yoMvundla, Endleleni eya Ebhotwe, Ukukhala kweselula by Nonqubela Rasimeni in 2018, which show a change in the way isiXhosa folktales are produced. In analysing these folktales, we used structuralism, which considers the relationship between the plot structure, setting, themes, conflict, the author's style and language, as well as characterisation. In analysing plot structure and characterisation in the selected folktales, we found that the isiXhosa folktales have evolved. This shows the development of traditional isiXhosa literature. This research contributes to the study of Xhosa folklore and stimulates further research into the evolution of folklore in isiXhosa and other African cultures.