Abstract
Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) reflects physical, mental and socioeconomic
well-being. In people living with chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), HRQoL is an
important indicator of treatment effectiveness and long-term outcomes. Understanding
domain-specific strengths and vulnerabilities can support person-centred care.
Aim: To determine the demographic profile and HRQoL of adults living with hypertension,
type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Setting: Public and private healthcare facilities in the Johannesburg metropolitan district,
South Africa.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted. Using purposive stratified
random sampling, 257 adults with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or CVD
completed the 37-item Smith Toolkit for Integrated Health-Related Quality of Life. The
instrument assesses physical, mental and socioeconomic domains and demonstrated strong
reliability. Data were collected in person and online and analysed descriptively using SPSS
version 28.
Results: Overall HRQoL was moderate to high (77.70 ± 12.91). Physical health scores were
strong (80.31 ± 15.78), with favourable ratings for symptoms, work functioning and physical
limitations, although vitality was lower (52.40 ± 34.01). Mental health scores were moderate
(72.02 ± 17.19), with lower self-efficacy and evidence of psychological challenges. Socioeconomic
health was strong (81.49 ± 17.66), supported by high perceived social support, financial
stability and relationship quality.
Conclusion: Participants generally reported good HRQoL despite living with chronic NCDs.
However, lower vitality and self-efficacy indicate important gaps in psychological and
behavioural functioning. Interventions targeting fatigue, resilience and self-management may
further improve well-being and health outcomes.
Contribution: This study provides context-specific evidence on HRQoL among South Africans
living with NCDs and highlights the value of holistic, interdisciplinary and person-centred
care.