Abstract
Aim: Environmental sustainability has become a major global trend, drawing the attention of the global community due to the severe threats posed by climate change and environmental degradation. All forms of life are being affected. The planet itself seems to be falling apart. Hence, the call is to pay closer attention to environmental governance in order to conserve ecosystems and promote environmental sustainability. Botswana and Rwanda have received accolades and international recognition in Africa for their response to climate change and environmental challenges. Methods: This study examines good governance and environmental sustainability by assessing and comparing the governance framework used by these countries to respond to environmental challenges and the weaknesses experienced in implementing their policies. Key findings: A comparative analysis of the literature revealed that the quality of governance has a significant impact on environmental sustainability. The assessment also shows that similar governance approaches adopted by Botswana and Rwanda through the government elements of institutional framework, structures, and processes contributed to their success in environmental sustainability. Implications: In the same sense, both countries are also confronted with similar challenges, among which the lack of funding, infrastructural capacity, and variation of climate change impacts are the leading factors.