Abstract
Biofuel is any fuel produced from biomass, which can be either animal fats or waste, plant or algae material as a feedstock. Biomass benefit in producing fuels which helps to lessen the demand for petroleum fuel & products. The petroleum fuel and gas increase the greenhouse gases emissions profile of the transportation sector. South Africa is the 14 th world largest emitter of greenhouse gases. This is due to the CO 2 emissions resulting from burning and heavy reliance on coal. Since biofuel can be produced domestically from natural sources like soybeans, rapeseed, macadamia nuts, coconuts, and even leftover cooking, it has the potential to serve as a remarkable substitute for the commonly used petroleum-derived diesel fuel. This study addresses the historical development of macadamia nuts with a focus to the South African macadamia nuts (SAMN) industry, its origin and as a feedstock for biodiesel production. The generation and classification of biodiesel, physicochemical properties, biodiesel standards, both ASTM, European EN 14214, and South African biodiesel framework standards are discussed. Furthermore, the biodiesel blending requirements, techniques and its benefits were outlined. Finally, the biodiesel regulatory framework of SA and biodiesel framework as per the BTT-Biodiesel Task team was examined.