Abstract
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the complex and often confrontational relationship between Zimbabwe and the European Union (EU). It aims to contribute to the understanding of how confrontational diplomacy impacts international relations and offers insights into potential avenues for reconciliation. It focuses on key issues such as sanctions and the challenging visa regime between the two entities. By examining the historical context, the implementation of sanctions, and the visa regime, this article provides a comprehensive perspective on the Zimbabwe-EU relationship. This qualitative study applied content analysis to official documents, statements, and speeches from Zimbabwean and EU officials, as well as scholarly works, reports, and news articles to shed light on the intricate dynamics at play in their diplomatic interactions. This study is hinged on the realism theoretical framework. The study found that sanctions and visa restrictions imposed by the EU on Zimbabwe have exacerbated confrontation in their diplomatic relations. The study recommends that Zimbabwe and the EU should consider engaging in sincere diplomatic dialogue to address the underlying issues and concerns, including a more pragmatic approach to underlying sources of tension which include human rights issues and the easing of visa restrictions.