Abstract
Biogas is the gaseous product of the biogenic fermentation of biomass. It has an approximate composition of 50-70% Methane (a combustible gas), 30-50% Carbon dioxide and other trace gasses depending on the nature of the biomass. It typically has a calorific value of 21–24 MJ/m3. Anaerobic digestion of biomass can artificially be achieved under controlled conditions in specifically designed plants known as anaerobic digesters or naturally at the bottom of marshes. Biogas, a versatile energy source can be used for heating, cooking, lighting, electricity and if purified further, it can be used as a vehicle fuel among other applications. The digestate is a widely sought after organic agricultural fertilizer. The first notable use of biogas technology dates back as far as 1859, there has been several advancements over the years in its application as well as production which are presented in this paper.