Abstract
Hand sanitizers are used as an alternative to hand washing to reduce the number of viable
microorganisms when soap and water are not readily available. This study aimed to investigate the
anti-bacterial effectiveness of commercially available hand sanitizers and those commonly used in
healthcare and community settings. A mapping exercise was done to select and procure different
hand sanitizers (n = 18) from retailers. Five microorganisms implicated in hospital-acquired infections
were selected and tested against each hand sanitizer: Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Twenty-one volunteers
were recruited to do a handprint before and after applying the hand sanitizer. Only four out of
eighteen hand sanitizers (22%) were effective against all tested bacterial species, and an equal number
(22%) were completely ineffective. Seven hand sanitizers with a label claim of 99.99% were only
effective against E. coli. Only five hand sanitizers (27%) effectively reduced bacteria on participants’
hands. This study showed that only a fifth of hand sanitizers were effective against selected microorganisms.
The findings raise a concern about the effectiveness of hand sanitizers and their role in
infection, prevention, and control if not well regulated.