Abstract
To combat the catastrophic effects of climate change, the usage of renewable energy sources
(RESs) has increased dramatically in recent years. The main drivers of the increase in
solar photovoltaic (PV) system grid integrations in recent years have been lowering energy
costs and pollution. Active and reactive powers are controlled by a proportional–integral
controller, whereas energy storage batteries improve the quality of energy by storing both
current and voltage, which have an impact on steady-state error. Since traditional controllers
are unable to maximize the energy output of solar systems, artificial intelligence
(AI) is essential for enhancing the energy generation of PV systems under a variety of
climatic conditions. Nevertheless, variations in the weather can have an impact on how
well photovoltaic systems function. This paper presents an intelligent power management
controller (IPMC) for obtaining power management with load and electric-vehicle applications.
The architecture combines the solar PV, battery with electric-vehicle load, and grid
system. Initially, the PV architecture is utilized to generate power from the irradiance. The
generated power is utilized to compensate for the required load demand on the grid side.
The remaining PV power generated is utilized to charge the batteries of electric vehicles.
The power management of the PV is obtained by considering the proposed control strategy.
The power management controller is a combination of the twisting sliding-mode controller
(TSMC) and Modified Pufferfish Optimization Algorithm (MPOA). The proposed method
is implemented, and the application results are matched with the Mountain Gazelle Optimizer
(MSO) and Beluga Whale Optimization (BWO) Algorithm by evaluating the PV
power output, EV power, battery-power and battery-energy utilization, grid power, and
grid price to show the merits of the proposed work.