Abstract
The concentration of urea in serum or urine in human body should be in moderate levels (3.3–6.7 mM). The elevation of urea above the normal level indicates gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction of the urinary tract, burns, shock, or renal failure. The decline in the concentration of urea below moderate levels causes cachexia, hepatic failure, and nephritic syndrome. The increase/decrease in the concentration of urea poses health risks. Thus, it is essential to determine the urea concentration for early diagnosis of kidney related disease. In this mini-dissertation, we report a novel amperometric urea biosensor based on the immobilisation of urease enzyme on carbon nanofiber-generation 3 polyamidoamine dendrimer immobilisation layer on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon nanofibers were obtained with an average diameter of 132 nm through stabilization, electrospinning, and carbonization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer. The structure and the morphology of the PAN carbon nanofibers were studied by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HR-TEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM)...
M.Sc. (Nanoscience)