Abstract
The motivation for this study builds on the rapid changes in the business environment that have led companies to include innovation as one of the strategies for productivity growth, competitiveness, and sustainability. The objective of this work is to analyze the interaction and complementarity between technological innovation practices and non-technological innovation used by companies. The methodology used by the paper is a Bivariate Probit model applied to micro-data from 1897 firms in Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, and Senegal. The effect of the adoption of a technological innovation on a non-technological innovation practice is estimated by conditional probabilities using two-dimensional normal distributions. The results show strong significant correlations between the various innovation practices within the firm with important complementarity effects between them. This complementarity is the proof that the adoption of a technological innovation practice leads to the initiation of another non-technological innovative activity and vice versa for a better performance of the firm’s activities. These complementarity effects between the different types of innovations are heterogeneous according to the sector of activity, which suggests that innovation policies should be specific to each sector. The originality of the study is premised on the use of both technological and non-technological dimensions of innovation in the assessment of how innovations affect manufacturing and service firms in Africa.