Abstract
The study sought to critically analyse the key problems facing Botswana's dispute resolution system. The study explored the nature of conflict and the concepts of industrial relations and dispute resolution system, before providing a historical overview of the development of dispute resolution mechanisms in Botswana. A thorough review of the literature provided insights into Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and the diverse problems it faces in Africa, and Botswana in particular. Employing a qualitative exploratory approach within an interpretivist phenomenological framework, the research gathered data through virtual semi-structured interviews of fifteen purposively selected participants from Botswana and the broader SADC region. The findings reveal significant structural and operational problems that require prompt reform to strengthen the credibility, efficiency, and overall performance of Botswana's alternative dispute resolution system.