Abstract
Automobile workshop activities, such as vehicle spraying and maintenance, are a common and significant source of occupational and incidental solvent exposure. Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the acute and chronic health risks associated with exposure to organic solvents. However, workers in developing countries continue to be exposed to these hazards. Furthermore, the implementation of occupational health and safety policies, particularly in small to medium-sized enterprises, is often inadequate and workers' health remains at greater risk.
Aim
The study aimed to evaluate workers’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding exposure to organic solvents and associated health symptoms in automobile spray-painting workshops in Region F, Johannesburg, South Africa.
Methods
A cross-sectional study using a quantitative approach was conducted. Data collection involved two survey instruments: a questionnaire administered to 152 automobile spray painters and a checklist used to observe 47 spray-painting workshops to identify workplace factors that might contribute to exposure. Data was analysed using Epi Info Version 7.2.6.0. Logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios and 95% CIs to determine the relationship between the independent variables (knowledge, attitude, and practices) and the dependent variable, self-reported symptoms, while controlling for socio-demographic factors.
Results
Study participants were overwhelmingly male (96%) vs female (4%). The 35 to 44 years age group reported the highest participation (44%); meanwhile, the 65 and older age group had no participants. In terms of work experience, a significant number were in the 11-20 years range (48%). The study reveals that over 64% of vehicle spray-painting workshops conducted their work outdoors, while only 17% had a functional spray booth. Furthermore, respiratory protection was inadequate, as only 24% of participants reported consistently wearing it while spraying. Knowledge awareness was predominantly high (Mean score = 45.29/50 ± 6.025). Additionally, the results indicate that knowledge was a statistically significant predictor of respiratory symptoms (AOR = 0.890, p-value = 0.009), as well as eye symptoms (AOR = 0.846, p-value = 0.002) and dermatological symptoms (AOR = 0.915, p-value = 0.017). However, the odds of reporting central nervous system symptoms were not statistically significant, given the participants' knowledge of the risk. (AOR=0.957, (CI=0.891-1.029), p value= 0.234). Attitude towards occupational health and safety was positive (Mean score = 21.95/35 ± 6.349).
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study reveals that knowledge and safe practices are crucial for preventing organic solvent-related respiratory and dermatological symptoms among vehicle spray-painters, emphasising the importance of targeted behavioural interventions. Nonetheless, effective prevention of health risks also requires a greater emphasis on environmental and engineering controls, underscoring the need for a comprehensive approach to protect worker health.